III. Canons ascribed in ancient Collections to Theodore, but not found in the

Genuine Penitential.

[Of the following Canons the larger portion is drawn from the "Capitula Theodori" of D'Achery; one is from the "Canones Gregorii" of Kunstmann, the remainder from the other ancient Penitentials which are published in a collected form by Wasserschleben. The "Capitula Theodori " and "Canones Gregorii" are, in Wasserschleben's opinion, more ancient than the genuine Penitential, and may have been among the diversæ confu

VOL. III.

P

[APPENDIX TO THEODORE'S PENITENTIAL.]

sæque digestiones of Theodore's judgments to which the compiler of the Penitential refers, and which he intended his orderly and systematic edition to supersede. This, although very probable, must remain a matter of opinion. The former collection assumes to be Theodore's, but (1) it contains eleven Canons (Apostolic) known not to be his; (2) in De la Barre's edition, it includes twenty known to be Adamnan's; and (3) in one case the compiler has thought it necessary to specify Theodore as the author of a particular Canon. Several of the "Capitula" vary considerably from the text of the Penitential; e. g. 55, 56, 159; and it is probable that the compiler of the genuine work intended to give a correct version of them, and to exclude the few others which are not found in the Penitential at all. The following are all which are wanting in the genuine work, not being known to belong to other authors, or which vary from it in any material point not already noticed among the various readings of the Penitential, or to be referred, as in some cases of variation in numerical figures, to the mistakes of copyists. They are given here not as Theodore's, but with the presumption against their genuineness derivable from the circumstances stated above. If they are older than the genuine Penitential, they must have been rejected by the compiler of it; if they are later in date, they are wanting in the authority which alone could compel their reception.

The "Canones Gregorii" do not pretend to be Theodore's, yet all but one are found in the Penitential; the presumption therefore is that the collector held that one to be of the same origin. It is possible that they received the name from having attached to them a copy of Gregory's Responsiones; or if they are of later date, they may have been drawn from a MS. which, like Wasserschleben's a, attributed the Prologue and perhaps the Penitential itself to one of the Gregories.]

1. Ingenuus cum ingenua conjungi debet.

[Cap. Th. ed. Wasserschleben, n. 35. See Theod. Penit., II. xiii. 4.] 2. In uno altari duas facere missas conceditur secundum Græcos, secundum Romanos quinque, propter quinque cruces quæ imponit Episcopus quando consecrantur. Et ille qui prius manducare probatur ad osculum non admittitur.

[Cap. Th. ed. Wasserschleben, n. 55. From Theodore's Penit., II. i. 2, with the addition secundum Græcos-consecrantur.]

3. Vir abstineat se ab uxore sua XL. dies ante Pascha et in prima ebdomada post Pascha, post Pentecosten una ebdomada,

[Cap. Th. ed. Wasserschleben, n. 56. From Theod. Penit., II. xii. 2, with the addition of the last clause.]

[APPENDIX TO THEODORE'S PENITENTIAL.]

4. Infantes monasterii XIV. annis carnem manducant. [Cap. Th. ed. Wasserschleben, n. 57.]

5. Gentiles mortui de locis sanctorum ejiciendi sunt.

[Cap. Th. ed. Wasserschleben, n. 59. See Theod. Penit., II. i. 4.] 6. Abbati si licet monasterium suum alii dare in potestatem, nec post obitum nec eo vivente sine voluntate monachorum, nec propinquo nec alieno, sed ipsi elegant sibi abbatem. Si prior obierit aut discesserit, similiter simili modo.

[Cap. Th. ed. Wasserschleben, n. 71. See Theod. Penit., II. vi. 4. 7. Qui homicidium vel furtum commiserit et non composuit illis quibus nocuit, quando confessus fuerit Episcopo vel presbytero peccata sua, debet illis aut propria reddere vel componere, si vero non habuerit substantiam unde componere potest vel nescierit quibus nocuit, pœnitentia plus augetur.

[Cap. Th. ed. Wasserschleben, n. 89. See Theod. Penit., I. iii. 3 and Ι. iv. Ι.

8. In ecclesia sanctificata nulli mortui sepelientur. Si vero ibi mortui, antequam fuerit sanctificata, sepulti sunt, non sanctificetur. [Cap. Th. ed. Wasserschleben, 99. See Theod. Penit., II. i. 4, 5.] 9. Si inde mutata fuerit in altero loco, vel laventur tabulæ; quæcunque. enim ecclesia mutata fuerit in alio loco, iterum sanctificetur. Si vero in ipso loco et ei mutata fuerit, aqua aspergetur sancta. [Cap. Th. ed. Wasserschleben, n. 100. See Theod. Penit., II. i. 1, which is contradicted by this version.]

10. Si servus, si et ancilla domini servum illum liberum non vult cum illa nubere, dimitte accipere, si illa non potuerit ad eum.

[Cap. Th. ed. Wasserschleben, n. 103. See Theod. Penit., II. xiii. 4.] II. Non communicet vir cum muliere adultera, similiter et uxor cum adultero viro non ineat pacem communem.

[Cap. Th. ed. Wasserschleben, n. 132.]

12. Qui carnes immundas manducaverint, et olera quæ cum carnes coquuntur, cessare debent a ministerio.

[Cap. Th. ed. Wasserschleben, n. 144.]

13. Episcopus, presbyter, diaconus confiteri debent peccatum suum. [Cap. Th. ed. Wasserschleben, n. 149.]

14. Stando orandum est pro reverentia Dei. [Cap. Th. ed. Wasserschleben, n. 161.]

[APPENDIX TO THEODORE'S PENITENTIAL]

15. Si quis clericus parvenerit ad firmum paganum, melius est baptizari eum in Nomine Trinitatis cum aqua signata.

[Can. Greg. ed. Wasserschleben, n. 30; and see Theod. Penit., I. ix. 7, . I. xiv. 28.]

16. Theodorus.-Si quis patri aut matri expulserit, impius vel sacrilegus judicandus est et poeniteat æquali tempore quamdiu in impietate extiterit.

[Pænit. Cummeani, IV. 10, ed. Wasserschleben, p. 476. It is also in the Pænit. Paris., c. 45, ibid., p. 416; but not there ascribed to Theodore.]

17. Theodorus.-Si quis per semetipsum propriis membris violaverit I. ann. pœn. Si quis virginem aut viduam rapuerit vel violentio, III. ann. pen. i. p. e. a.

[Panit. Valicellanum, II. c. xxxvi. ed. Wasserschleben, p. 561.]

[Besides these there is found in several Penitentials a chapter on Commutation of Penance, ascribed to Theodore by mistake. This is probably of Frankish origin, and was attributed to Theodore simply from the fact of a reference occurring in it to his genuine work. It is found apparently in its most ancient form in Cummeanus. See Cummeanus, in Prolog. De modis Pænitentiæ; Confessionale Pseudo-Egberti, c. II.; Pœnit. Remense, c. II. Pseudo-Theod. ad calcem; and compare Egbert, Pen. XIII. 11, XIV. XVI.

Of the collection of Fragments of Theodore printed in the Ancient Laws and Institutes, pp. 307–319, from various sources, every article is either contained in the genuine Penitential, or is found in earlier collections (such as the Capitularies of Ansegis, and the Corrector Burchardi) without the ascription to Theodore, which in every case may either be referred to accident, or shown to be without authority.

There exists in several collections a form of the Benediction of an Abbess, which seems to claim the authorship of Theodore. It is found in the Ordo Romanus (ap. Hittorp. De Divinis Catholicæ Ecclesiæ Officiis, ed. 1624, CC. 164, 165); in Gerbert, Monumenta Veteris Liturgia Alemannica, p. alt. pp. 99-100; ex Cod. monast. Murensis, olim monasterii in Nidermunster. Ratisb., sæc. XI. circ. ;" and in Collier's History of the Church of England, vol. II. App. p. 23. These versions, although containing a good deal of matter in common, differ widely in other respects, nor would it be easy to analyze them so as to reproduce an original text. But the heading of the Article, which is in Gerbert "Ordinatio Abbatissæ monasticam regulam profitentis, capitulum ex canone Theodori Archiepiscopi Anglorum," may merely mean that the form was drawn up in conformity with a canon of Theodore: and this will appear more probable if the rubrics of the form be compared