[PRIVILEGE OF POPE ADEODATUS.]

A.D. 673, Dec. 23. Privilege of Pope Adeodatus to the Monastery of SS. Peter and Paul (S. Augustin's), Canterbury.

ADEODATUS EPISCOPUS, SERVUS SERVORUM DEI, Adriano Abbati Monasterii Sancti Petri. Evangelicis atque apostolicis sanctionibus luce clarius edocemur, nec servorum sollertiam in administratione talentorum, nec Dominicæ vineæ operarios pondere diei et æstu affectos a remuneratione boni operis esse fraudatos. Scriptum namque est: "Voca," ait, "operarios et redde illis mercedem suam;" et, "Dignus est operarius proprio laboris commodo perpotiri." Quapropter oportet etiam nos, licet immeritos, pastoralem tamen curam administrantes, eis qui ad lucrandas Deo animas sollerter invigilant, providentiam aliquam ad temporalem eorum sustentationem utcunque peragere, ne eorum sagacitas erga lucrandarum animarum quæstum, necessitate scilicet temporali præpedita, ad opus implendum segnis efficiatur. Quam ob causam annuentes tuæ petitioni, quemadmodum nos fusa prece poposcit, a præsenti concedimus tibi Adriano, utpote abbati ab apostolica sede ordinato atque destinato, una cum tua propria congregatione, quæ nunc vel futura est, monasterium videlicet. sancti Petri constitutum extra civitatem cognomento Doroverno, cum omnibus redditibus ad eum pertinentibus, vel quicquid ei jure verbi competere videtur. Et si qua exinde ab aliquo injuste ablata sunt, restitui absque recrastinatione censemus; quatenus dum nihil [eorum], quæ ad sustentationem corpoream sunt profutura, defuerint, licenter ad lucrandas, ut dictum est, Deo animas pervigil possit esse sollicitudo. Cujus ad cumulum firmitatis prævidimus præfatum monasterium apostolicis prærogativis nunc et in perpetuum præmunire, insolentiasque tam sacerdotum quam laicorum pariter ab eo inhibere ; præcipientes ex auctoritate videlicet apostolicæ sedis, cui superna largiente gratia præesse dignoscimur, omnes omnino tam ecclesiæ præsules, quamque sublimium sæcularium dignitates, vel inferioris ordinis. administrationem gerentes, sese a præfati monasterii inquietudinibus atque gravaminibus suspendere, nec per quamlibet occasionem tibi tuæque congregationi in eo degenti, vel qui pro tempore suo successerit in loco, quoquo modo dispendia vel inquietudinum molestias irrogare. Sed et hoc nihilominus sancientes, ut post tuum obitum futurus abbas, non alius, vel aliunde ad eorum regimen animarum, nisi quem ipsa sibi prorsus Deo servientium congregatio de proprio videlicet

[PRIVILEGES OF S. AUGUSTIN'S, CANTERBURY.]

monasterio communi assensu regulariter præelegerint, subrogetur. Si quis interea, quod non credimus, temerario ausu contra hæc sanctæ et apostolicæ sedis decreta contraire tentaverit, et ea, quæ a nobis pie indulta sunt, privilegia convellere præsumpserit, noverit se, si præsul vel minister est, ex auctoritate videlicet beati Petri apostolorum principis, cui Dominus Jesus Christus, Deus noster, ligandi solvendique in cælo et in terra potestatem concessit, proprio esse privatum officio; si de sæcularibus laicisque fuerit, a participatione corporis et sanguinis Domini nostri Jesu Christi cognoscat se esse segregatum, quousque videlicet quod temere perpetravit, humiliter corrigat, et de excessu pœnitudinem gerat. Data X. kalend. Januarii, imperantibus dominis piissimis Augustis, Constantino majore Imperatore anno XXII. post consulatum ejus anno VI.; sed et Heraclio atque Tiberio novis Augustis, ejus fratribus anno XVIII. indictione XV.a [Elmham, 244-246, ed. Hardwick; and see Thorn, in Chron., Twysden, c. 1769; W. I. 43, 44, from a MS. of Ussher.]

a Indictione XV., Elmham; but with marks of being written over an erasure. This would date the letter A.D. 672 (Hardwick). The

MS. used by Wilkins had Indictione secunda, which may have been also the original reading of Elmham's MS.

A.D. 675, or earlier. Foundation of Malmesbury Abbey a.

a According to the tradition preserved by William of Malmesbury (G. R. I., G. P. V., and Faricius, in V. S. Aldhelmi, c. 3), a small foundation by one Meildulfus, a Scottish monk, was raised into a considerable abbey by Aldhelm, who was made its abbot by Bishop Leutherius in A.D. 675. The charter of Leutherius, Aug. 26, A.D. 675 (K. C. D. XI., and W. Malm. G. P. V.), is fictitious. Aldhelm was a pupil of Adrian (W. Malm.

G. P. V. ed. Gale, 342), abbot of S. Augustin's A.D. 671-710, and went to Rome as abbot of Malmesbury in the time of Sergius, A.D. 687 x 701 (Faric. c. 2). The first genuine grant to the monastery is one of Ini of Wessex, A.D. 701 (K. C. D. XLVIII.). See, however, the supposed synods of Berghford, A.D. 685, and on the Nodder, A.D. 705, below under those years.

A.D. 675. Privilege of Pope Agatho to S. Augustin's, Canterbury. [of questionable authenticity.]

AGATHO EPISCOPUS, SERVUS SERVORUM DEI, Adriano religioso Abbati Monasterii Sanctorum Apostolorum Petri ac Pauli, quod ab Æthelberto primo Christiano Rege Anglorum fundatum, juxta Doroverniæ metropolitanam civitatem est situm, ejusque congregationi, pacis prosperitatem in perpetuum. Quoniam semper sunt concedenda quæ rationabilibus desideriis congruunt, oportet ut nostrum studium pii petitoris devotioni in præstandis privilegiis minime denegetur.

[PRIVILEGE OF POPE AGATHO.]

Igitur postulastis a nobis, quatenus vestrum monasterium supra nominatum privilegio apostolico decoretur, ut sub jurisdictione sanctæ nostræ, cui Deo auctore deservimus, Ecclesiæ constitutum, nullius alterius Ecclesiæ ditioni in posterum submittatur. Pro qua re piis desideriis faventes, seu et prædecessorum nostrorum beatæ memoriæ pontificum privilegia confirmantes, apostolica auctoritate id quod exposcitur effectui mancipamus hoc modo: Omnem cujuslibet ecclesiæ sacerdotem in præfato monasterio ditionem quamlibet aut auctoritatem, præter sedem apostolicam, habere prohibemus. Et cum abbatem loci illius obiisse contigerit, nullus monachis eisdem præferatur, nisi quem sibi ex seipsis regulariter præelegerint patrem; et nisi ab abbate monasterii quisquam fuerit invitatus, ne missarum solemnia ibi præsumat agere, sub anathematis interpositione, nobis placuit statuere. Interdicimus etiam omnibus omnino ecclesiæ præsulibus vel quacumque dignitate seu regali præditis potestate, ne vel ipsi hæc nostra infringere decreta audeant, nec aliis contraire volentibus consentiant. Si quis hæc despexerit a Deo Omnipotente ana

thema sit.

Data Idus Maii, imperantibus dominis piissimis Augustis, Constantino majore imperatore, anno XXV., post consulatum ejus IX.; sed et Heraclio atque Tiberio novis Augustis, ejus fratribus, anno XXI., Indictione V. [Elmham, ed. Hardwick, pp. 246, 247.]

A.D. 678a. Council (incerti loci) at which Wilfrid's Northumbrian diocese is divided b.

Bede gives the date A.D. 678 for the expulsion of Wilfrid and the division of his see into three, the people of Lindsey being for the time (A.D. 678-679) subject to Egfrid of Northumberland. The death of Elwini also happened just one year after Wilfrid's flight to Rome (Edd. XXIV.), and the date of that event was A.D. 679 (B IV. 22). Florence gives A.D. 677, but Wilfrid's own statement of his ten years' episcopate, which may harmonize with Bede's date (allowing one for the current year) and remembering that it was not meant for precise chronology, cannot possibly harmonize with that of Florence. The political and personal dissensions of which Theodore took advantage may be traced in Eddius and in Simeon of Durham.

Wilfrid in his petition to Pope Agatho, A D. 680, sets forth that "quidam mei episcopatus invasores. . . in conventu Theodori

sanctissimi Archiepiscopi Cantuariorum Ecclesiæ, aliorumque tunc temporis antistitum cum eo convenientium, sedem quam pro decem et eo amplius annis (A.D. 669-678) cum Dei clementia dispensabam, . . . invadere atque eripere moliti sunt; et in eadem sede subsidere, et non solum unum sed tres in mea ecclesia sese promoverunt Episcopos," etc. See the whole document below under its year. Wilfrid was himself absent from the council (Edd. XXIV.). The three Bishops whom Theodore "inordinate solus ordinavit" (Edd. XXIV.), were Bosa qui Deirorum, et Eata qui Berniciorum provinciam gubernaret; hic in civitate Eburaci, ille in Hagustaldensi, sive in Lindisfarnensi ecclesia cathedram habens Episcopalem," and Eadhæd "in provincia Lindisfarorum" (B. IV. 12), i. e. in Lindsey, but whether at Stow (Sidenacester) does not appear.

66

[THEODORE'S MEASURES OF ORGANIZATION.
ON.]

Theodore had previously taken steps towards the division of the southern dioceses also, according to the 9th canon of the council of Hertford.-I. Two Bishops were ordained to Dunwich and Elmham, thus dividing the diocese of East Anglia, A.D. 673 (B. IV. 5; Fl. Wig. ad annum). 2. Winfrid was expelled, by Theodore (B. IV. 6; Fl. Wig. A.D. 675), and Ethelred (W. Malm.G.P.

III. fo. 140, Savile), from the Mercian see of Lichfield, probably for refusing a similar division of his diocese (see Smith, ad loc. Bædæ). 3. Putta, flying from Rochester, received from Saxulf of Lichfield a church with a small district at Hereford in A.D. 676, which either then or very shortly after became a distinct diocese (B. IV. 12); see below, p. 130.

A.D. 679. Northumbrian Council which confirms Agatho's privilege granted to the Monastery of Wearmouth a.

BÆDA, Hist. Abb.-Benedictus (Biscop) non vile munus (a Roma) attulit, epistolam privilegii a venerabili Papa Agathone, cum licentia, consensu, desiderio et hortatu Ecgfridi Regis acceptam, qua monasterium quod fecit ab omni prorsus extrinseca irruptione tutum perpetuo redderetur et liberum. *** Illud (privilegium Agathonis) sui temporis Regem (Ecgfrid) et Episcopos in synodo publice confirmasse non latet. [B. Hist. Abb. c. 5, 12, ed. Hussey, PP. 320, 327; and see H. E. IV. 18.]

a Florence dates this journey of Benedict Biscop and his return with the Privilegium under the year 676, but as Agatho did not become Pope until A.D. 678, Smith (ad loc. Bada) postpones the date (and so far rightly) to A.D. 678 at the earliest. But it must have been a year later; for John, the precentor of S. Peter's at Rome, who came from Rome with Benedict on his return from this his fourth journey (Flor. Wig. ad an. 676), was present at the council of Hatfield in A.D. 680,

and came expressly charged with a mission from the Pope of which that council was the result; and John did not leave Rome until the first council on the business of the English Church had been held, and that council was not held until the arrival of Deodatus of Toul, who accompanied Wilfrid thither, for Deodatus's name is among those present at it, and Wilfrid did not reach Rome until A.D. 679. Bede's Northumbrian council therefore must be dated A.D. 679.

A.D. 679 (?). Fragment of a Decree of Theodore, at a Council (incerti loci) respecting the See of Wessex a. [Questionable.]

Diocese of Wes

RUDBORNE, Hist. Maj. Winton.—In decretis Theodori sex not to be Dorobernensis Archiepiscopi, nunc Cantuariensis, Dedivided during the life of Bi- creto secundo, sic habetur: "Nolumus," inquit summus shop Heddi. Anglorum pontifex Theodorus, "immo nobis non congruit, ipso fratre nostro sanctissimo Hedda superstite, qui Ecclesiam Wentanam tam insigniter nobilitavit, authoritate summi pontificis Agathonis transferendo corpus beatissimi Birini Occidentalium Saxonum apostoli a villa Dorkecestrensi, ubi reconditum erat, una cum sede in Wentanam civitatem, cujus etiam labore ac studio apostolicoque

[NEW DIOCESES CREATED BY THEODORE.]

mandato ex tunc primo confirmata est in ipsa civitate sedes Episcopalis dignitatis, parochiam suam in aliquo lædere diminuendo." [A. S. I. 193.]

Heddi became Bishop of Winchester A.D. 676 (A. S. C. and Fl. Wig.) and Agatho Pope June 27, A.D. 678. Rudborne places the translation of S. Birinus in the third year of Heddi, although giving inaccurate dates. It seems probable also that some such decree as this would accompany the attempt made in A.D. 679 to divide the Mercian diocese. Rudborne's authority, however, is not great, and the statement in the alleged decree that Heddi transferred the Wessex see to Winchester, if it be understood as implying that he was the first Wessex Bishop who sat there, is untrue. The point of time at which Dorchester ceased to belong to Wessex, and Winchester became the only seat of the Wessex Bishop, is uncertain. It is not, however, necessary to interpret the decree as stating more than that Heddi procured from Agatho a confirmation of the settlement of the see at Winchester; and possibly the transference of the bones of Birinus

coincided with the transference of the see. It is certain that Theodore did leave Wessex undivided; that Wessex was the only diocese left undivided, except those of London, Canterbury, and Rochester, which were already small; and that Wessex was actually divided immediately after Heddi's death. Heddi also is known from the epilogue to the Penitential of Theodore to have been in close friendship with him. Theodore's decrees were, it would seem, well-known documents (see the references to them in Eddius, XLIV.; K. C. D. CCCXLII., etc.). The Annales Breves Wintonienses (Wharton, A. S. I. 194) give the tenth instead of the third year of Heddi's episcopate, but their chronology is even worse than Rudborne's, and A.D. 686 was not a likely time for Theodore to be thinking of further disturbances in the arrangements of the

sees.

A.D. 679. Division of the Bishopric of Mercia by Theodore with the consent of a Mercian Witenagemot a.

Archbishop

Hwiccii, divides

dioceses.

FLOR. WIG., in App. ad Chron.-Egregio Merciorum Theodore, at regi Wlfario, qui regum totius Merciæ fidem Christi prithe request of Ethelred King mus suscepit, germanus suus gloriosus rex sanctus Æthelof Mercia and redus in regnum successit, cui Hwicciorum subregulus his under king Oshere of the Osherus, vir multum laudabilis, Hwicciam, cui dignitate Mercia into five præsidebat regia, proprii antistitis dignitate honorari sublimarique desiderans regimine, consilium dedit utile, rogavitque summopere quatenus suum, quod tunc cæteris regnis præminebat Angliæ, pluribus antistitibus decoraret venustius, ac honoraret sublimius, sicut quosdam reges Angliæ noverat olim fecisse. Qui cum prius id idem faciendi magno flagraret desiderio, mox ejus suasionibus salubribusque consiliis acquievit, et archipræsule Doruberniæ Theodoro ad se accersito, rogavit ut, regno suo plures in parochias diviso, Episcopos locis constitueret opportunis. Ille autem utile satis regis votum gratanter approbans, quod rogabatur sine dilatione maturavit explere, itaque dioecesim, cui tunc Saxwlfus pontificali regimine præfuit, cum consensu ejusdem regis ac principum illius, in quinque parochias divisit, anno ab Incarnatione Domini secundum Evange