de Fortz of Vivonne, in Poitou, who bore different arms from those above mentioned. For in the Roll of Arms, t. Hen. III., edited by Nicolas, we find William de Fortz de Vivonia with the arms, d'argent a chef de goules;" while in the same Roll those of the Earl of Albemarle, who was a William de Forz, are "de goules ung croix pate de verre." This William de Fortz de Vivonia was probably the same person that is mentioned as William de Fortibus in the Additions to Dugdale's Baronage, in the Collectanea Topographica, &c., vii. p. 137, under Malet. According to Dugdale, Mabel, the elder daughter and co-heir of William Malet, married Hugh de Vivion. The learned contributor of those Additions calls the family Vivoin, and says: "The family was seated in Poitou, and this Hugh, who married the elder co-heir of Malet, was steward of Poitou, Aquitaine and Gascony, under King Henry the Third. He had issue by the said Mabel two sons, William and Hugh, and one daughter William the eldest son was called de Fortibus (ob militarem virtutem) and in 32 Henry III. had leave to go over to Poitou to recover such lands and tenements as ought to descend to him by inheritance from the death of Americ de Vivonia his uncle. He married Maud de Kyme, sixth daughter and co-heir of Sybyl de Ferrars, by whom he had four daughters his coheirs." According to French genealogists, it should seem probable that this William was a cadet of the house of Vivonne, and derived his surname from a seignory of Fors. The arms of Vivonne were erm. a chief gu. Those ascribed to him in the Roll t. Henry III. are not more unlike than might be expected to be borne by a junior branch of the family. The uncle, Americ, may have been the head of the French family. If the Earls of Albemarle named De Forz were of the Vivonne family, the first of them had most likely assumed for his arms gu. a cross patonce vair.

There were three of those Earls, grandfather, father, and son, who had the christian name of William. The grandfather married Hawise, daughter and heir of William le Gros, Earl of Albemarle, and widow of William de Mandeville, Earl of Essex, who died in 1189. This William de Forz died in 1195, leaving his wife surviving, who then married Baldwin de Betun. He became Earl of Albemarle in her right, and died in 1212; whereupon her only son, William de Forz, became Earl when he could have been but just of age. He married Aveline, daughter of Richard de Montfichet, and died in 1241, having been for awhile an active supporter of King John, though he was one of the twenty-five barons chosen to enforce his observance of the Great Charter. He had a confirmation of his lands by that King in the sixteenth year of his reign. His son and heir, William, married first Christian, daughter and one of the co-heirs of Alan de Galloway, and secondly, Isabella, daughter of Baldwin Earl of Rivers, and died in 1256. He had three sons and two daughters; the sons and one daughter died young and without issue; the other daughter, whose name was Aveline, became his sole heir, and married Edmund Earl of Lancaster, son of Henry III.

The deed, we have seen, is undated; but from the handwriting, the language of the grant, the character of the seal, and some indirect evidence supplied by the names of some of the witnesses, which will be presently noticed, we are led to attribute the document to the second William de

See Dictionnaire de la Noblesse, v. Fors; and Dictionnaire Genealogique, &c., Paris, 1757, v. Vivoune.

4

Forz, who was Earl of Albemarle from 1212 to 1241, The arms ascribed to these Earls by Brooke, uncorrected by Vincent, are the same as those of William de Fortz of Vivonne in the Roll t. Henry III.; and in the Roll of Arms t. Edward III., printed in Collectanea Topographica, &c., ii. p. 324, we find "William de Forz de Coupland port d'argent ove un chief de goules cestuy feust Conte d'albemarle." But it appears from the Roll t. Henry III., that the then Earl of Albemarle, who was most likely the third of the name, bore gu. a cross patée vair: at that time patée often meant what is now termed patonce, the form shown in the woodcut of the seal. A portion of what is supposed to have been a surcote of the last mentioned Earl is engraved in Vetusta Mon. vi. pl. xviii., on which are a cross patonce vair, and a lion rampant az. for Rivers, his second wife; and in the letterpress that accompanies it there is a woodcut of a seal on which are an escutcheon charged with a cross patonce vair, and the legend SIGILL. COM. GVILLE(LMI. D)E. FORZ. The form of the escutcheon is like that on the seal to this document, and both these seals may probably be referred to the same Earl. If so, the equestrian figure on the obverse of the seal now engraved would seem to show they are both earlier in date than 1241, when the third William de Forz succeeded to the earldom.

Of the grantee, Reginald Portarius, nothing more has been discovered; nor have we been able to identify any of the witnesses to the grant; but six of them are found attesting a grant by a William de Forz, Earl of Albemarle, to the Priory of St. Bees, and they are there associated with Sir Thomas Keret and Sir William de Ireby, names which occur several times in the Close and Liberate Rolls of the reign of John. The former was one of the Flemish knights in his service, and was rewarded by some grants of land in Kent and Essex, but we can find no mention of him or any son of him after that reign. The latter was in that King's service as "vadelettus," in the twelfth and fifteenth years of his reign, having charge of his dogs on several occasions, and being otherwise employed in matters relating to hunting. He was of the Cumbrian family of Ireby, and at that time most likely young. In 17 John, a precept was issued to the Sheriff of Carlisle, to deliver to him land lately held by Nicholas de Stouteville in the vale of Liddell, and land late of Ranulph Woneki in Ulvesdale. He married Christian, daughter of Odard de Hodeholme, and left a daughter Christian, his heir, who married Thomas de Lascell. A Sir William de Ireby appears also as a witness to a grant by Richard, King of the Romans, to Knaresborough Priory in 1257. If this were the same person, he was then in all probability above sixty years of age. He was living at that time, but it may have been a great nephew of the same name, grandson of his eldest brother. In the grant to St. Bees Priory, as printed in the Monasticon, William de Driffelde is called "senescallo de Cokermutha," and Alan de Chaldebeche appears as "Alano persona de Caldebec," while the name, Geoffrey de Campo Denar' is given as "Galfrido de Chandever." Supposing Campo Denar' to be correct, it might mean Campeny, or Campeneys, according as we read Denarii, or Denariorum; names derived from De Campania, and to be found in the

4 Coupland was in Cumberland near Whitehaven. See Mon. Ang. (orig. edit.) vol. i. p 396.

5 Mon. Ang., vol. i. p. 397.

6 Hutchinson, vol. ii. p. 365.

7 Rot. Litt., Claus i. p. 256.

8 Excerpta e Rot. Fin., vol. ii. p. 267. 9 Mon. Ang., vol. ii. p. 834.

records of that period. As Odo, Earl of Champagne, the Conqueror's brother, had been the founder of the family which was represented by Hawise, the wife of the first William de Forz, it is not improbable that some of their dependents may have had the surname De Champagne. There was, however, the name of Candevre at the same period, derived, we may suppose, from one of the three places in Hampshire so called, and formerly so spelt, but now Candover. The two last syllables seem the same word that occurs in Micheldever, a place in the same county near the Candovers. Whence it came and what is its meaning, is uncertain; but in the forms of defer and defr it is found in Anglo-Saxon times. If an English scribe did translate Campeneys (now Champneys) into De Campo Denariorum, it was not a bolder flight than his who rendered Hussey by Usus mare. We have sought in vain for some other mention of this Sir Geoffrey, to clear up the obscurity that envelopes his surname.

1

As to the land comprised in this grant to Reginald Portarius, it will be observed that the boundaries are given with a degree of particularity unusual in a deed of that period. These, one of the members of the Institute, Mr. Frecheville Dykes, who resides near the spot, has been so obliging as to examine with great care, and has been able to trace them so closely as to ascertain that the land is almost identical with the outlying hamlet of Haimes Hill, containing about 165 acres, which belongs to the township of Dovenby. The head of the assart (or clearing), the Huttinge (or Holm), and also the two Sikets, or Gills, as such brooks are there called at the present day, can be identified. He finds the " Viam Regalem," he thinks, in the Roman road, and the "terram defensibilem in the remains of earthworks which mark the site of what was a Roman station at Papcastle; or it may have been land there free from common and liable to be fenced or inclosed (terra in defenso). Gallheberge is now Gallow Barrow (or Gallows Hill), and the turbary is represented by a moss.3 This land was, in all probability, some part of that which had descended to the grantor William de Forz from his mother, Hawise, daughter of William le Gros, Earl of Albemarle, by his wife Cecilia, daughter of William Fitz Duncan, son of Duncan, the illegitimate brother of David, King of Scotland. At that time Cumberland, it will be remembered, had been recently part of Scotland, or at least held by the Kings of Scotland. The descent of the manor of Allerdale, of which this land probably formed part, is set forth in the proceedings in a suit prosecuted in the parliament of England in the reign of Edward II. for the recovery of it by Alicia de Lucy and Thomas de Multon, who claimed it as the heirs of William Fitz Duncan, after the death of Aveline, the daughter and heir of the third William de Forz, Earl of Albemarle.1

1 Hutting is probably a cognate of the German Hutung (pasture), though we have not found it in Bosworth or Lye. * See Du Cange, v. Defensum.

W. S. WALFORD AND ALBERT WAY.

3 We regret that our limits will not allow us to give more fully the interesting particulars furnished by Mr. F. Dykes. Rot. Parl., vol. i. p. 348-9.