stopped the progress of the French: armies. They attacked him three times on the Blise, and were as often repulsed with considerable loss. His military talents were also eminently displayed after the two French armies under Pichegru and Hoche had forced the lines of Weissemburg, and defeated the Austrian army, who fled in the greatest disorder over the Rhine, having their retreat protected only by corps of Condé. On this occasion the duke of Brunswick proved himself a worthy eleve of the great Frederick. By his prudent and bold manœuvres he stopped the progress of the French armies, saved the Austrians from inevitable destruction, and after having held the French in check for a sufficient time, he retired slowly to Mentz, and put the troops into winter quarters. After this event, 1794, the duke resigned his situation in the army to field marshal Mollendorff.

In the war between France and Prussia, during Bonaparte's sway, the duke of Brunswick was again appointed commander-in-chief of his Prussian majesty's forces. In this capacity he commanded at the battle of Auerstadt; and exerting himself, according to the acknowledgment of his enemies, with the most heroic courage to turn the fortune of the day, he was wounded by a cannonball in the forehead, which deprived him of his eyesight, and obliged him to be carried off the field of battle. He was at first taken to Brunswick, but,

on the approach of the French, he removed from that city, and took refuge in Altona, in the Danish territory, having assumed the title of count of Werdtheim. Soon after, October 25, 1806, the House of Brunswick was declared to have lost the sovereignty of its ancestors. The anxiety and distress of the duke's mind at the irretrievable calami. ties that had befallen his country, probably added to the serious injury in the nature of his wound, and hastened the death of this distinguished and la mented veteran, who died, November 10, a few days previous to the entrance of the French into Hamburgh. He escaped the pain of knowing the calamities which resulted from the battle, having, from the moment of his wound, been totally insensible to every thing about him. His son, the duke of Brunswick-Oels, who capitulated with general Blucher, and so heroically defended the gate of Luthick, arrived at his father's house the day after his death. His horses were sold by public auction, on the 13th, his jewels and other effects on the 15th. His body was opened and embalmed on the 12th. On opening the skull it was found that the wound would certainly and inevitably have proved mortal from the first. His heart was preserved in a silver box. His remains, dressed in the regimentals of the Brunswick dragoons, booted and spurred, with a large Prussian cocked hat, and on the left breast the star and insignia of the British

order of the garter, lay in state till the evening of the 18th. The coffin was plain, covered with black velvet. An estaffette was sent to Bonaparte, at Berlin, by the states of Brunswick, requesting that the duke's remains might be deposited in the family vault of his ancestors; but with insolent and unmanly brutality the following answer was returned-"Tell the duke of Brunswick that I would rather cede Belgium-would rather renounce the crown of Italy, than allow him or any of his sons ever again to set foot within the territory of Brunswick. Let him take his money and jewels, but let him go to England." It was attempted to be made appear that the application came from his successor; the fact, however, was, that the deceased prince had desired to be buried wherever he might fall.

His unfortunate successor, the duke of Brunswick, was obliged to quit his native country. His majesty, George the Third, gave orders for apartments in Hampton court palace to be prepared for the reception and asylum of his unfortunate brotherin-law, which were destined for his unhappy. consort, on her highness's removal to England.

.

The issue of Charles William Ferdinand, duke of Brunswick Wolfenbuttle, by Princess Augusta, sister of George the Third, are, 1. Charlotte Geor giana Augusta, born December 3, 1764, married October 11, 1780, to Frederick William, prince,

afterwards duke of Wirtemburg-Stutgard, by whom she had issue two sons and a daughter. After her decease the duke of Wirtemburg married his second wife, Charlotte, Princess royal of Great Britain. 2. Charles George Augustus, duke of Brunswick Wolfenbuttle, born Feburary 8, 1766; married October 14, 1790, to Princess Frederica Louisa Wilhelmina, daughter of William the Fifth, Stadtholder. 3. Caroline Amelia Elizabeth, (the royal subject of these memoirs.) 4. George William Christian, born June 27, 1769. 5. William Frederick, born October 9, 1771. 6. Leopold.

Frederick Augustus, the next brother of the duke of Brunswick, Charles William Ferdinand, likewise distinguished himself as a military commander. This prince, after the surrender of Wolfenbuttle, to prince Xavier of Saxony, in October 1761, marched with general Luckner, to the relief of Brunswick, then besieged by the French troops. His highness, whilst the general marched to Peina, attacked the enemy in their entrenchments, forced them, made above 200 prisoners, and took possession of the town, in consequence of which success, Wolfenbuttle was evacuated in a few days. He likewise had the command in investing the town of Cassel, in 1762, and was, with his eldest brother, at the battle of Graberstein. He was a general under Frederick the Third, king of Prussia, as was also the duke's second brother, prince William

D

Adolphus. The third brother, prince Albert Henry, was slain at the age of 18, on the 20th of July, 1761, in a skirmish with a body of French troops. Duke Charles's third daughter, Elizabeth Christina Ulrica, was married to Frederick 4th, king of Prussia, by whom he had her R. H. the present duchess of York.

The benign qualities of the excellent Prince Leopold, duke Charles's youngest son, were prevented from beaming forth to bless mankind, by a catastrophe of the most distressing nature, thus related in the Leyden Gazette, about the beginning of May 1785 :

"We have within these few days experienced the greatest calamities, by the overflowing of the Oder, which burst its banks in several places, and carried away houses, bridges, and every thing that opposed its course. Numbers of people lost their lives in this rapid inundation; but of all the accidentas rising from it, none was so generally lamented as the death of the good prince Leopold of Brunswick. This amiable personage standing at the side of the river, a woman threw herself at his feet, beseeching him to give orders for some persons to go to the rescue of her children, whom, bewildered by the sudden danger, she had left behind her in the house; some soldiers who were also in the same place were crying for help. The prince endeavoured to procure a flat bottomed boat, but no one