his name spelt Vaala, in Eckhel, D. N. 5, p. 263. Akerman, i. 20. He is called Vaala by the Comment. Cruq. This was the name of the unfortunate lieutenant of Varus, who had all the shame of flight, without the security. "Vala Numenius, legatus Vari, cetera quietus et probus, diri auctor exempli, spoliatum equite peditem relinquens, fuga cum alis Rhenum petere ingressus est. Quod factum ejus fortuna ulta est; non enim desertis superfuit, sed desertor occidit" (Velleius, 11. 219). The defeat of Varus took place U. c. 762; the peaceful and upright character of the friend. of Horace might suit this description; but he must have been at that time too far advanced in years to leave his quiet villa between Velia and Salerno, to take a high military command. Most probably the lieutenant of Varus was his son. OCTAVIA (sister of Octavius).-Carm. III. xiv. 6. OCTAVIUS.-See "Poets." OFELLA. Sat. II. xi. 2, 53, 112, 133. An impersonation, as it were, of the old Roman frugality, strong sense, and contentment; the practical philosopher of his day. The Scholiast makes him out to have been a man engaged in the civil wars, probably, as Wieland observes, because he had lost his estate. But the estates of many cultivators, who were not engaged in the adverse faction, were shared in the partitions among the soldiery. Ofella was no doubt a neighbour of Horace, when the poet lived in his Sabine farm. Ofella speaks almost throughout against the luxury and prodigality of the city. OPIMIUS.-Sat. II. iii. 142. A miser, unknown whether a real person. OPPIDIUS AULUS.-Sat. II. iii. 171. Son of the Oppidius below. OPPIDIUS SERVIUS. -- Sat. II. iii. 168. A Roman knight, unknown but from this passage. OPPIDIUS TIBERIUS.-Sat. II. iii. 173. Son of the above. ORBILIUS.-Sat. 11. i. 71. The schoolmaster of Horace. See "Life," and among "Poets," "Domitius Marsus." He was of Beneventum, deprived of both his parents, who were killed in one day. He was first an apparitor; then served in the army in Macedonia, first as a trumpeter, then as a horse soldier; he then retired to the peaceful profession of rhetoric, in his native town. At the age of 50 he went to Rome (u. c. 691), during the consulship of Cicero, and taught with more credit than profit. He lived to be 100 years old, and before he died lost his memory, according to a verse of Bibaculus: " Orbilius ubinam est, literarum oblivio?" (Sueton. de Gram.) He left a son who followed his profession. ORBIUS. -Epist. 11. ii. 160. A great landed proprietor; unknown. ORIGO.-Sat. 1. ii. 55. An actress (mima), on whom one Marsæus wasted his patrimony. ORNYTUS.-Carm. III. ix. 14. OTHO, L. ROSCIUS.-Epod. iv. 16. By a law proposed by him when tribune of the people, the fourteen rows of seats in the orchestra of the theatres, next above the senators, were set apart for the equestrian order. PACIDEIANUS.-Sat. II. vii. 97. A gladiator. PACORUS.-Carm. III. vi. 9. Son of Orodes, the Par thian King. See Dion Cassius, xxviii. 24, 26. PACTUMEIUS. The offspring of Canidia. Epod. xvii. 50. Poets." PANTILIUS. See " Poets." PARMENSIS.-See "Cassius," "Poets." PAULLUS.-See "Maximus." PEDIATIA.-Sat. 1. viii. 39. Pediatius, an effeminate wretch who had wasted his patrimony. PEDIUS.-Sat. 1. x. 28, 85. A celebrated orator, called Poplicola. PERILLIUS.-See "Cicuta." PERSIUS.-Sat. 1. vii. 2. A rich merchant of Clazomena. I. PETILLIUS CAPITOLINUS. Sat. 1. iv. 94; I. x. 26. Was tried for stealing a crown from the Jupiter of the Capitol, and only escaped condemnation because he was a friend of Cæsar Octavianus. Hence some derived his name; but Capitolinus was also a name of the plebeian family, the Petillii. PETTIUS.-Epode xI. Unknown, but from this poem. The celebrated orator. PHILIPPUS.-Epist. 1. vii. 46. 47. PHILODEMUS. Sat. 1. ii. 121. An Epicurean philoSopher. Some of his epigrams, and his treatises on Music and on Rhetoric, have been decyphered among the Herculanean MSS. PHOLOF.-Carm. 1. xxxiii. 7; II. v. 17; III. xv. 7. PHRAATES.-Carm. 11. ii. 17. Epist. 1. xii. 27. Phraates the IVth. Expelled for cruelty from the throne of Parthia, V. c. 724. He was restored to his throne by the Scythians (Justin. xlii. 5). The Epistle alludes to his submission to Augustus. PHRYNE.-Epod. xiv. 16. PHYLLIS.-Carm. II. iv. 4; IV. xi. PISONES.-L. CALPURNIUS PISO was Consul, u. c. 739, with M. Lucius Drusus, afterwards Præfect of Pamphylia. In 743, he was employed to put down Vologeses, a fanatic priest of Bacchus, who was raising disturbances in Thrace. In advanced years he held the office of Præfect of Rome, under Tiberius; his character is highly drawn by Paterculus, who praises his happy union of vigour and subtleness (L. ii. c. 98). Even Seneca, though he accuses him of drinking all night and sleeping in the morning, praises his administration as Præfect of Rome (Epist. lxxiii.) In his debauchery, he was a boon companion of Tiberius himself (Suet. Tib. xlii. Plin. H. N. xiv. 22). He must have possessed some qualities well suited to his time, to have commanded the favour both of Augustus and Tiberius; and so he is described in the weighty words of Tacitus : "L Piso, pontifex, rarum in tantà claritudine, fato obiit: nullius servilis sententiæ sponte auctor, et, quotiens necessitas ingrueret, sapienter moderans. Patrem ei censorium fuisse memoravi. Etas ad octogesimum annum processit: decus triumphale in Thracia meruerat: sed præcipua ex eo gloria, quod Præfectus Urbi recèns, continuam potestatem, et insolentiâ parendi graviorem, mirè temperavit" (Ann. vi. 10). Nine Epigrams addressed to Piso by Antipater of Thessalonica, may illustrate his taste for letters. Jacobs, Anthol. Græc. 1. p. 97, 99. There is some difficulty about the date of the A. P. L. Piso was born 705. If the Art of Poetry was written between 743. and 746, Piso would have been from thirty-eight to forty-one years old. If he married at twenty, he might have a son from seventeen to twenty-a period in which youths not rarely suppose themselves gifted with poetic talent. Of the lives of these sons nothing certain is known. One of them may have been the L. Piso, whose noble character and well-timed death is related by Tacitus (Ann. 11. 24; Iv. 21). Compare Wieland, or Orelli's Introduction to the Ars Poetica. But it is to me highly improbable that even the brevity of Tacitus, if this had been the case, would not have noted the relationship of two such distinguished men. PLOTIUS NUMIDA.-See " Numida." PLOTIUS TUCCA.-See "Poets." POLLIO.-See Asinius among the "Poets." POMPEIUS, SEXTUS.-Epod. ix. 7. POMPEIUS, GROSPHUS.-See "Grosphus." POMPEIUS, VARUS.-See "Varus." POMPONIUS.-Sat. 1. iv. 52. A youth of prodigal habits, unknown. POPLICOLA.-See "Messala." PORCIUS.-Sat. II. viii. 23. A parasite of Nasidienus. POSTUMUS.-Carm. II. xiv. 1. Unknown, unless the same Postumus to whom a beautiful Elegy of Propertius (1. 12) is addressed. Propertius reproves Postumus for wishing to leave his chaste and beautiful wife, Ælia Galla, in order to follow the banner of Augustus into the East. The "placens uxor" of Horace may be but a commonplace, but it is a slight touch of resemblance, which may make the identity of the Postumi in the two poems more probable PRISCUS.-Sat. II. vii. 9. Of senatorial rank; unknown. PROCULEIUS.-C. PROCULEIUS VARRO MURENA, a Roman knight, brother of Licinius (Carm. 11. x. 1), and of Terentia, |