briskly about, and then spit out; or, if the patient cannot do this, the liquor may be injected by a syringe. When gargles are required, their use should be more frequently repeated than is done in common practice. GARGET, n. s. A distemper in cattle. The gurget appears in the head, maw, or in the hinder parts. Mortimer's Husbandry.

GARGIL, a distemper in geese, which by stuffing the head frequently proves mortal. Three or four cloves of garlic, beaten in a mortar with sweet butter, made into little balls, and given fasting, are the ordinary means of cure.

GARGLE, n. s. & v. a. Fr. gargouiller; Ital. gargagliari; Ger. gurgel, from Lat. gurgulio, the throat. To wash the throat with a liquid, which is not swallowed: a liquid prepared for this use. To warble a play in the throat-this use is improper.

Gargle twice or thrice with sharp oxycrate.
Harvey.

Those which only warble long,
And gargle in their throats a song. Waller.
They comb, and then they order every hair;
Next gargle well their throats. Dryden's Pers.
So charmed you were, you ceased awhile to doat
On nonsense gargled in an eunuch's throat. Fenton.
The excision made, the bleeding will soon be stopt
by gargling with oxycrate.
Wiseman's Surgery.
His throat was washed with one of the gargles set
down in the method of cure.

Id.

GARGOL, n. s. A distemper in hogs. The signs of the gargol in hogs are, hanging down of the head, moist eyes, staggering, and loss of appetite. Mortimer.

GARIDELLA, in botany, fennel flower of Crete, a genus of the trigynia order, and dodecandria class of plants; natural order twentysixth, multisiliquæ: CAL. pentaphyllous, with leaves resembling flower-petals; there are five bilabiate and bifid nectaria: CAPS. polyspermous, and adhering together. Species one only, a Cape

climber.

GARLAND, Fr. garlande, guirlande; Span. girlanda, probably of Lat. gero, to bear: or 'from gird and lada, or lindo, a fillet.'-Thomson. A wreath of flowers: used also figuratively as expressive of esteem and value.

And to the grove of which that I you told,
By aventure, his way he gan to hold,
To maken him a gorlond of the greves,
Were it of woodbind or of hawthorn leves.

Shakspeare.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale.
With every minute you do change a mind,
And call him noble that was now your hate,
Him vile, that was your garland.
A reeling world will never stand upright,
"Till Richard wear the garland of the realm.
--How! wear the garland! do'st thou mean the crown?
-Ay, my good lord.
Id. Richard III.
An Anne is with a garland here extended;
And as the Motto saith it is intended
To all that persevere.' This being so
Let none be faint in heart though they be slow
For he that creepes, until his Race be done
Shall gaine a wreath, as well as they that runne
This being so let no man walk in doubt

As if God's Arme of Grace were stretched out
To some small number: For, whoc'er begins
And perseveres, the proferred garland winns.
Geo. Withers.

Shakspeare. Coriolanu. This tree is pretty common in Jamaica, and several other places of America, where it usually rises to the height of thirty or forty feet, and spreads into many branches. When the flowers fall off the pointal, is becomes a round fruit, which, when ripe, has a rough, brownish rind, and a mealy sweet pulp, but a strong scent of garlick.

Miller.

acid and pungent taste. It is extremely active, as may Garlick is of an extremely strong smell, and of an be proved by applying plasters of garlick to the feet,

which will give a strong smell to the breath. Hi. GARLICK Pear tree. See CRATEVA. GARMENT. Old Fr. guarniment. A covering for the body.

My body to clothe, it maketh no force;
A morning mantle shal be sufficient
The grevous woundes of his pitous corse
Shal be to me a ful royal garnement.
Chaucer. Lament of Mary Magdaleine.
Each gan undight

Their garments wett and weary armour free
To dry themselves by Vulcanes flaming light,
And eke their lately bruyed parts to bring in plight.
Spenser. Faerie Queen.

Hence, rotten thing, or I shall shake thy bones
Out of thy garments.
Shakspeare. Coriolanu.
Our leaf, once fallen, springeth no more; neither
doth the sun or summer adorn us again with the gar
ments of new leaves and flowers. Raleigh's History.
Three worthy persons from his side it tore,
And dyed his garment with their scattered gore.
Waller.

The peacock, in all his pride, does not display balf the colours that appear in the garments of a British lady, when she is dressed.

GARNER, n. s. & v. a. Lat. grana; Ital. grenario.

Addison's Spectator. Fr. greniar, from A place in which

For sundry foes the rural real n surround;
The field mouse builds her garner under ground;
For gathered grain the blind laborious mole,
In winding mazes, works her hidden hole.

Dryden. GARNERIN (-), a celebrated aeronaut, and the first who made the experiment of descending in a parachute. This he accomplished on the 21st of September, 1802, ascending from an enclosure in North Audley-street, Grosvenorsquare. At the computed height of 4154 French feet, the intrepid voyager cut the rope which attached the car to the balloon, and descended safely in the fields near Kentish Town, the balloon falling the next day near Farnham in Surry. M. Garnerin's death was occasioned by apoplexy in the Theatre du Jardin Beaujolin at Paris, August, 1823. Having the rope which sustained the curtain in his hand, by a sudden relaxation of his grasp, he allowed it to fall, when one of the weights struck him on the head, and he never fully recovered from the blow.

GARNET, n. s. Ital. garnato, grenato (from its resemblance to the pomegranate seed, or from low Lat. granatus). A precious stone.

The garnet seems to be a species of the carbuncle of the ancients: the Bohemian is red, with a slight cast of a flame-colour; and the Syrian is red, with a slight cast of purple.

Woodward's Met. Foss. The garnet is a gem of a middle degree of hardness, between the sapphire and the common crystal. It is found of various sizes. Its surfaces are not so smooth or polite as those of a ruby, and its colour is ever of a strong red, with a plain admixture of blueish: its degree of colour is very different, and it always wants much of the brightness of the ruby. Hill.

GARNET (Henry), an English Jesuit of notoriety, was born in Nottinghamshire in 1555, and educated at Winchester school. He then went to Rome and entered the Jesuits' College in 1575, where he became professor of philosophy and theology. In 1586 he returned to England as provincial of his order; and abode here without molestation for several years. But he now held a secret correspondence with the court of Spain; and by an answer which he gave to a case of conscience submitted to him, in regard to the destruction of heretics, is said to have given an impulse to the gunpowder plot. He was tried as an accomplice in it, and executed at the west end of St. Paul's, May 3rd, 1606.

GARNET, in mineralogy, a genus of the silicious kind, divided by Kirwan into oriental

and by professor Jameson, into pyramidal, dodecahedral, and prismatic. We shall here, however, treat only of the garnet, properly so called, which is a dodecahedral of Jameson, and is divided into the precious or noble, and the common gar

net:

Precious or noble garnet.-Colors dark red, falling into blue. Seldom massive, sometimes disseminated, most commonly in roundish grains, and crystallised. 1. In the rhomboidal dodecahedron, which is the primitive form; 2. Ditto, truncated on all the edges; 3. Acute double eight-sided pyramid; and 4. Rectangular foursided prism. The surface of the grains is generally rough, uneven, or granulated; that of the crystals is always smooth. Lustre externally glistening; internally shining, bordering on splendent. Fracture conchoidal. Sometimes it occurs in lamellar distinct concretions. Transparent or translucent. Refracts single. Scratches quartz, but not topaz. Brittle. Rather difficultly frangible. Sp. gr. 4.0 to 4-2. Its constituents are, silica 39-66, alumina 1966, black oxide of iron 39-68, oxide of manganese 1.80.-Berzelius. Before the blowpipe it fuses into a black enamel, or scoria. It occurs imbedded in primitive rocks, and primitive metalliferous beds. It is found in various northern counties in Scotland; in Norway, Lapland, Sweden, Saxony, France, &c. It is cut for ring-stones.

Common garnet. Deep red, inclining to violet, or verging to black, or olive, or leek-green, or brown, seldom yellow. Its external lustre casual, internal 2:3. Transparency, 2:31. Of the brownish and blackish, most frequently, 0. Of the green at most, 2. Crystallised as the former variety, the surface of the crystals often diagonally seamed, frequently found also in rough rounded grains, or fragments. Fracture uneven, inclining to the conchoidal, flat or imperfect, often to the splintery. Hardness, from 10 to 11. Yet sometimes only 9. Sp. gr. of the red, from 3.941 Werner, to 4000 Brisson; of the green, from 3.75 to 3.800.

Kirwan found that of some small garnets 3.63. Both varieties exert most commonly some action on the magnetic needle. According to Bergman, they are fusible, per se, by the blowpipe, sometimes into a transparent green glass, but most commonly into a black slagg. Alkalies flux them with great difficulty; borax and microcosmic salt convert them into a green or black glass. Gerhard tells us, that in a strong heat they form a gray glass; yet Fourcroy, in a strong heat of eleven hours, found garnets powdered, barely softened, and agglutinated. Observing these different results, he exposed thirty-five grains weight of small Bohemian garnets, whose sp. gr. was 363, to a blast heat for a few minutes, and found them melted into an opaque dark gray, fine-grained porcelain, by a heat of 136°.

By Bergman's account this stone contains mor silex than argill, and more argill than calx;

iron it contains from 0:02 to 0.20.

By Achard, red Bohemian garnet contains 0-483 silex, 0-30 argill, 0116 calx, and 0:10 iron.

Weigleb found the green garnets of Saxony to

Garrick, was of a French refugee family, and had a troop of horse which were then quartered in that city. This rank he maintained in the army for several years, and was a major at his death. Mr. Garrick received the first rudiments of his education at Litchfield; which he afterwards completed at Rochester, under the celebrated Mr. Colson, since professor at Cambridge. Dr. Johnson and he were fellow students at the same school; and went up to London to push themselves into active life, in the same coach. On the 9th March 1736 he was entered at Lincoln's Inn. He soon quitted the law, and followed for some time the business of a wine merchant; but at last he gave way to the irresistible bias of his mind, and joined a travelling company of comedians at Ipswich, where he went by the name of Lyddle. Having in this poor school of Apollo obtained some acquaintance with the theatric art, he burst at once upon the world, in 1740, 1741, in all the lustre of perfection, at the little theatre in Goodman's Fields, then under the direction of Henry Giffard. The character he first performed was Richard III. to witness which the theatres at the west end of the town were soon deserted; and Goodman's Fields, from being the rendezvous of citizens and their wives, became the resort of all ranks till the close of the season. Being offered very advantageous terms for performing in Dublin, during part of the summer 1741, he went over to Ireland, and found the same just homage paid to his merit which he had received from his countrymen. In the following winter he engaged with Fleetwood then manager of Drury Lane where he continued till the year 1745, when he again went over to Ireland, as joint manager with Mr. Sheridan of the theatre royal in Smoke Alley. Thence he returned to England, and engaged for the season of 1746 with Mr. Rich at Covent Garden. This was his last performance as an hired actor; for in the close of that season Fleetwood's patent for the management of the theatre in Drury Lane being expired, Mr. Garrick and Mr. Lacy purchased the property of it, with the renovation of the patent; and in winter 1747 opened it with the greatest part of Mr. Fleetwood's company; and with the addition of Barry, Mrs. Pritchard,and Mrs.Cibber from Covent Garden. To trace Mr. Garrick through all the various occurrences of his public life would swell this account to many pages. Suffice it to say, he continued in the full enjoyment of fame to the period of his retirement, and that his universality of excellence never once admitted of a competitor. Tragedy, comedy, and farce, the lover and the hero, the jealous husband, and the thoughtless rake, were all alike his own. Rage and ridicule, doubt and despair, transport and tenderness, compassion and contempt; love, jealousy, fear, fury, and simplicity; all took in turn possession of his features, while each of them appeared to be the sole possessor of his heart. In the several characters of Lear and Hamlet, Richard, Dorilas, Romeo, and Lusignane; in his Ranger, Bayes, Drugger, Kitley, Brute, and Benedict, we saw the appropriate indication of passion accurately discriminated. There is one part of his theatrical conduct which will ever be recorded to Mr. Garrick's honor,

viz. the zeal which he showed to banish from the stage all those plays that have an immoral tendency, and the purity of the English drama was beyond a doubt much more fully established during the administration of this theatrical minister, than it had ever been under former management. Notwithstanding the numberless and laborious avocations attendant on his profession as an actor, and his station as a manager; yet still his active genius frequently burst forth in various dramatic,and poetical productions,and though his merit as an author is not of the first class, yet his great knowledge of men, manners, and stage effect, and his happy turn for lively and striking satire, made him generally successful in the drama, and his innumerable prologues and epilogues have been greatly admired. His ode on the death of Mr. Pelham ran through four editions in less than six weeks. Among his original productions are, the Farmer's Return, and Linco's Travels, interludes; The Guardian, Lethe, Lying Valet, Miss in her Teens, Male Coquet, Irish Widow, and other comedies in two acts: The Enchanter, a musical entertainment: Lilliput, the Christmas Tale, and many others. We have thus traced him to the period of his retirement in spring 1776; when with a splendid fortune, and advancing in years, he sought to enjoy in the vale of life that dignified and honorable ease, which he had so well earned by the activity and merits of his dramatic reign. But short was the period allotted to him for retirement: for he died on the 20th January 1779.

GARRICK (Eva Maria), wife, and long the relict, of the celebrated David Garrick, was born at Vienna, February 29th, 1725. Her maiden name, Viegel, she changed by command of the empress-queen, Maria Theresa, to that of Violette, a translation of the German word vielge, the anagram of her name. She was at this time a favorite dancer at the Imperial court. In 1744 she came to England, bringing with her a recommendation from the countess of Stahremberg to lady Burlington, who received her as an inmate of Burlington-house, and ever after treated her with great affection; a circumstance which gave rise to a general but erroneous idea, that she was a natural daughter of the earl's. While under this protection, mademoiselle Violette formed an attachment with Mr. Garrick, and on the 22nd of June, 1749, the nuptials were celebrated, with the sanction of the countess Burlington, a marriage portion of £6000 being bestowed by her upon the bride. In 1751 and in 1763 she accompanied her husband to the continent; after whose death, though strongly solicited by several persons of rank and fortune, she continued a widow, residing in her house on the Adelphi-terrace, where she died suddenly, October 16th, 1822.

GARRISON, n. s. & v. a. Fr. garnison. See GARRET. A fortified town or place; the soldiers who are placed there to defend it; the act of securing by fortresses.

Eke jelousie may God confounde!
That hath maked a toure so rounde,
And made about a garrison,
To sette Bialacoil in prison.

Chaucer. Romaunt of the Rose.

Others those forces join, Which garrison the conquests near the Rhine. Dryden's Juvenal. GARROWS, a mountainous but fertile district on the north-east frontier of Bengal, situated between 25° and 26° of N. lat. Its chief town is Ghosegong. In the bed of one of its rivers is abundance of coal; but the natives are half savages, and not acquainted with the art of working it. They go nearly naked, and, although they call themselves Hindoos, eat all kinds of food, and drink spirituous liquors. They are said to be mild in their tempers, and of gay dispositions. The poverty of this country has alone prevented it from being added to Bengal; but it is tributary to the British. GARRU'LITY, n. s. Į Lat. garrulus. The GAR'RULOUS, adj. disposition or act of talking too much; inability to keep a secret. Let me here

Expiate, if possible, my crime,
Shameful garrulity.

Milton's Agonistes.

Some vices of speech must carefully be avoided; first of all, loquacity or garrulity.

Ray on the Creation.
Old age looks out,
And garrulous recounts the feats of youth.

Thomson.

GARRY, a lake in Perthshire, of considerable extent, which discharges itself by a river of the same name. The river, taking a southwesterly course, receives the Bruar near Dalnacordoch inn, the Tilt near the castle of BlairAthol, and the Tummel several miles below the pass of Killicrankie, and finally falls into the Tay, near Logierait. In its turbulent and rapid course there are several small water-falls.

GARSTANG, a populous town of Lancashire, 229 miles from London, in the post road between Preston and Lancaster. It is near a mile in length, but built very irregularly. The church is a stately Gothic structure. It is seated on the Wyre, and by means of the navigable canal from Kirby-Kendal to West Houghton, which passes the town end, Garston has communication with the Trent, Severn, and Mersey. There is no manufactory immediately in the town, except flax-dressing, and the weaving of sacks, and other coarse articles; but there are considerable cotton-works in the adjacent townships, within the limits of the parish. Three miles west of Garstang is the east-side of Pilling-moss, the scene of a phenomenon of which an account, to the following effect, was given in the Philosophical Transactions, No. 475. 'On Sunday, the 26th of January, 1744-5, a part of PillingMoss, lying between Hescomb Houses and Wild Bear, was observed to rise to a surprising height. After a short time it shrunk as much below the level, and moved slowly towards the south side; and in half an hour it covered twenty acres of land. The improved land adjoining to

that part of the moss which moves in a concave circle, containing nearly 100 acres, is nearly filled up with moss and water, and in some parts is thought to be five yards deep. One family is driven out of their house, which is quite surrounded, and the fabric is tumbling down. The part of the moss which is sunk, like the bed of a river, runs north and south, and is above a mile in length, and half a mile in breadth. When the moss began to move, a man was passing over it from the west, who perceived, to his great astonishment, that the ground moved southward. By a speedy return, he had the good fortune to escape being swallowed up.'

GARTER, n. s. & v. a. Fr. jartiere; Welsh garders, gar. A string or riband which retains the stocking on the leg. A mark of the highest the officer called the principal king at arms; to order of knighthood in England; the name of bind as with a garter.

He, being in love, could not see to garter his hose. Shakspeare.

Now by my george, my garter, -The george, profaned, hath lost his holy honour, The garter, blemished, pawned his knightly virtue.

Id. Richard III. Let their heads be sleekly combed, their blue coals brushed, and their garters of an indifferent knit. Id. Taming of the Shrew. You owe your Ormond nothing but a son, To fill in future times his father's place, And wear the garter of his mother's race.

Dryden.

When we rest in our clothes we loosen our garten, and other ligatures, to give the spirits free passage.

Ray. Swift.

The

Handsome garters at your knees. There lay three garters, half a pair of gloves, And all the trophies of his former loves. Pope. GARTER, ORDER OF THE, a military order of knighthood, the most noble and ancient of any lay order in the world, instituted by Edward III. The knights companions are generally princes and peers; and the king of England is the sovereign of the order. The number of knights was originally twenty-six; but six were added in 1786, on account of the increase of the royal family. They are a corporation, having a great and little seal, &c. Their officers are a prelate, chancellor, register, king at arms, and usher of the black rod. They have also a dean, with twelve canons, and petty canons, vergers, and twenty-six pensioners, or poor knights. prelate is the head. This office has always been invested in the bishop of Winchester. Next to the prelate is the chancellor; which office is vested in the bishop of Salisbury, who keeps the seals, &c. The next is the register, who by his oath is to enter upon the registry, the serutinies, elections, penalties, and other acts of the order with all fidelity: the dean of Windsor is always register ex officio. The fourth officer is garter, and king at arms, being two distinct of fices united in one person. He is the principal officer within the college of arms, and chief of the heralds. All these officers, except the prelate, have fees and pensions. The college of the order is seated in the castle of Windsor, within the chapel of St. George, and the charter-house, erected by the founder for that purpose. The