The Study of Social Dialects in American English

absence actually ain't American English Appalachian English areas Baratz basis behavior black speech Chapter child consonant cluster construction context copula cultural Detroit discussion elicit ethnic evaluation example fact factors Fasold favor fieldworker Figure final stop deletion forms frequency grammatical homophonous hypercorrection indicate informants interview involves isoglosses Labov language varieties linguistic theory lower-class middle-class nasal nasal consonant negative nonstandard dialects Nonstandard English norms noun phrase occur past tense patterns percent phonological plural possible preceding prestige prestige dialect problem pronounced pronunciation Puerto Rican question result sample second-order constraint sentences Shuy social class social dialects social groups social significance socially diagnostic socially stigmatized sociolinguistic sound spoken standard dialects Standard English speakers stop consonant stratification structure student suffix Table teacher tests third-person singular tion types variable rules variation varieties of English Vernacular Black English voiced voiceless th vowel white nonstandard Wolfram