What a tangled web we weave

When first we practice to deceive.-Scott.

To live is to think. The property of rain is to wet. The best way is to frighten him. His chief object is to get money. This thing, to stand waiting for hours, has become wearisome. This alone is evil fortune, to be deprived of knowledge. You were about to speak. They are about to elect him. To forget him so soon! To live with such a woman! To please her being impossible. To understand him being so difficult.

They grieve to see him so fallen. I am surprised to find you so heedless. He wondered to meet her there. I am glad to see you. Let dogs delight to bark and bite. He was afraid to venture. They are desirous to excel. If they are handsome, they have the gift to know it. The earth shook to see the heavens on fire. They are resolved to conquer or die. I am satisfied to see you safe; I ask no more. They are content to threaten, though they would destroy. I am best pleased to be absent. Pope was not content to satisfy; he desired to excel.

I read to learn. We should eat to live, not live to eat. He is too deaf to hear you. There is a time to weep. He was anxious to succeed. He had no opportunity to distinguish himself. One of the few, the immortal names that were not born to die. We are ready to recite. We were too late to take the train. There is no time to waste. I come to bury Cæsar, not to praise him. This horse is to be sold. She is to be married.

Faith, gospel, all, seemed made to be disputed;
And none had sense enough to be confuted.-Pope.

All fools have still an itching to deride.-Id.

I supposed him to be a gentleman. That will cause you to be despised. The sovereigns had ordered their throne to be placed in public.—Irving. The passage of Cæsar is insufficient to prove the reindeer to have existed in Germany.-Milman. I believe Halifax to have been the author.-Macaulay. He believed it to be wrong. He did [that] what he believed to be wrong. He took a course which the event showed to have been taken too hastily.

I gave my love a ring and made him swear never to part with it. Never to speak of this that you have seen swear by my sword. He was ordered to depart out of the kingdom. He was requested to give money. They were commanded to advance rapidly. He knows not where to lay his head. Can you tell me how to do this? He was so foolish as to rush into the snare. To speak plainly, he is very ignorant.

To conclude, they are like the fruits of the earth in this unnatural season. Their progress was such as to excite admiration. It is so high as to be inaccessible. He went on in a noble strain of thought and language, so as to chain the attention of every hearer.-Macaulay. Every passion, not to mention health and sickness and the greater alterations in body and mind, makes us appear almost different creatures.-Addison. Greece her useful rules indites

When to repress and when indulge our flights.-Pope.

2. Correct the errors:

So let he and I say good-night together. Let you and I be together. The person I had seen in pattens, and who I suppose to have been the cook, frequently came.

[Remark 4.] I heard him to say. I saw him to enter the house. Let no rash promise to be made. I felt a chilling sensation to creep over me. Wanton jests make fools to laugh and wise men to frown.

He was heard say. He was seen enter the house. The pain was felt abate. He was made go with them. He was observed put his hand in the gentleman's pocket.

[Remark 7.] The bulls of Guisando are two vast statues remaining in that town ever since the time of the Romans, supposed to be set up by Metellus.-Lockhart's Don Quixote. I can not excuse the remissness of those whose business it should have been to have interposed their good offices. I found him better than I expected to have found him. I was then disposed to have yielded. They would have found it difficult to have accomplished their purpose. We have done no more than it was our duty to have done. It would have been no difficult matter to have compiled a volume of such amusing precedents. I intended to have started yesterday. They would say that the facts stated in the indictment would have been fully sufficient to have warranted the judge to have directed and the jury to have given a general verdict of guilty.— Lord Erskine.

[Remark 9.] Please give me that book. It is better to live on a little than outlive a great deal. You ought not walk so fast. Mary helped me do it.

[Remark 10.] I will try and do my duty. We ought not to try and over-define or prove God.-Taine's English Literature.

[Remark 11.] He was ordered to go, but he did not wish to. I said, I will try not to whisper this forenoon, and I did not; then I said, I will try not to this afternoon. Be sure to write yourself, and tell him to.

[Remark 12.] He is in danger to form bad habits. He was suspected to be friendly to the banished family. He avoided to express himself decidedly. She has not commenced to study yet.

RULE XI.

A preposition with its object forms an adjunct modifying some preceding word; as, "He sat by me."

The preceding word is sometimes called the antecedent term. "He went from Boston to Philadelphia." [From what? From Boston. What from Boston? Went from Boston. From Boston is an adjunct to went. To what? To Philadelphia. What to Philadelphia? Went to Philadelphia. To Philadelphia is an adjunct to went.]

"By imprudence he was plunged into difficulties." [By what? By imprudence. What by imprudence? Was plunged by imprudence. By imprudence is an adjunct to was plunged. Into what? Into difficulties. What into difficulties? Was plunged into difficulties. Into difficulties is an adjunct to was plunged.]

Remarks.-1. The object is sometimes omitted. (See Rule VI, Remark 6.) 2. The antecedent term is sometimes omitted; as, "[To say all] in a word, he is ruined;" "All the horrors of war before known or heard of were mercy [when compared] to that new havoc."-Burke. "These, [reckoning] to a man, will hate or suspect him."-Pope. "They met us [amounting] to the number of three hundred." "The queen that bore thee, [who was] oftener upon her knees than on her feet, died every day she lived."—Shakespeare. "Virtue [being] in distress excites pity." "A poem [written] by Sir Walter Scott." "They are often governed by fancy instead of [being governed] by reason."

3. For in vain, etc., see Remark 14, p. 134. For from forth, etc., see p. 121. 4. For from before, etc., see p. 134. "Lambeth is over against Westminster Abbey." Some make a "compound preposition" of over against in such constructions; but each of these words has its own meaning; against means opposite to,* and over implies the other side of something. Lambeth is against (opposite to) Westminster Abbey, and it is over the Thames. For over see Remark 16, p. 128.

5. Two prepositions are sometimes placed before the same object; as, Did you vote for or against the measure?" When a preposition is separated from its object by several words the effect is generally unpleasant; as, "He came from and is now returning to France." Better," He came from France and is now returning to it." Such forms as that mentioned above should be employed only when they produce special exactness or clearness.

6. Care should be taken to use the proper preposition.

There is no abatement of the disease; not IN. That country abounds IN corn. The faithful man shall abound WITH blessings. I do not wish to abridge him of

* 66
"Against the Tiber's mouth, but far away,
An ancient town was seated on the sea."-Dryden.

What is the rule for prepositions?
What is the preceding word sometimes
called?

Give examples in which the object is
omitted.

Give examples in which the antecedent term is omitted.

How may "He came from and is now returning to France" be improved?

his privileges; sometimes FROM. He was accused or having done this. This was well adapted To the purpose. He is an advocate FOR peace. He agreed to my proposal. This dialect is akin to that; not WITH. This caused her alienation FROM him. She made an alteration IN the dress. This is analogous To that. He is angry WITH her. He is angry AT her conduct. She has a great antipathy To a cat; sometimes AGAINST. This was appropriate To his circumstances. He is ashamed of having deceived you. We arrived AT Stonington.

He bestowed the money on his favorites. He blushed FOR shame. He has no capacity FOR thinking. He conferred a favor on them. Do you confide IN him? He is conversant WITH such persons and WITH such things. Deficient IN means to carry on war. He died of the cholera. She died For love. They shall die By the sword. The pound of flesh which I demand of him. Appearance is different FROM reality. He disagreed To our proposal. The rain will disappoint us of our walk. The road was so muddy that we were disappointed IN the walk we took.

They embarked IN that vessel FOR Venice. He was passionately enamored or her. He enjoins ON them the duty of obedience. The house was founded on a rock. They are friendly To us. Inculcate this truth on their minds. He made an inroad INTO the country. He was initiated INTO the club. He is insensible To (not affected by) her kindness. He is insensible or (destitute of the feeling of) shame. He insinuated himself INTO the king's favor.

He lives IN Lisbon; sometimes AT.† If I had been married To him. He has my good will to marry (intransitive) WITH Nan Page.

He was named AFTER his father; sometimes FOR. You have need of rest.

I am much obliged To you FOR this favor. This quarrel originated IN a trifling misunderstanding.

He has a partiality To such studies. The book was placed IN his hands; not INTO. The field was planted WITH corn; not To. He plunged INTO the water. He has a prejudice AGAINST the man. He has a prejudice IN favor of the man. He presented her WITH a book. He presented a book To her. She has profited BY your

"He is au fait or these matters;" not IN or WITH. In French au fait is followed by de, of. "Il est au fait DE ces choses"-"He is up to the fact (thorough knowledge) of these things.'

One who thinks of any city as merely a point, as it were, will speak of a person's living at that city; but if by visiting the city, by examining plans and views, or by any other means he gains some knowledge of the interior, the same person will speak of a person's living in that city. Whatever place presents itself to the mind as having an interior will suggest the employment of in. One who is familiar with even a small village will say that a person lives in that village. No one would say, "I saw him at Lisbon;" for one who has been in any city naturally thinks of it as having an interior. "The court lay at Windsor." Windsor Castle is not in

the town of Windsor.

"The passive verb am obliged should not be followed by the preposition to; we are obliged by, not to a person."-Burt's Pract. Eng. Gram. This is a mistake arising from a misapprehension of the meaning of the word oblige. "I am obliged to you" means "I am bound to you." Falstaff says, "I am bound to thee, reverend Feeble," using bound in the sense in which we use obliged. "To whom I have been often bound for no less than my life."-Shakespeare.

The verb present sometimes means make a present (or presents) to; as, "Thou spendest thy time in waiting upon such a great one and thy estate in presenting him."-South. The word is used in this sense when we say, "He presented her with a book," book denoting the instrument with which the presenting was done. Though some have objected to this form, it is rather better than the form "He presented a book to her," being less liable to be ambiguous. When Petruchio says, "I do present you with a man of mine," he is understood to be making a present; but "I do present a man of mine to you" might denote merely a formal introduction.

Give the proper preposition instead of those incorrectly used in "There is no abatement in the disease" and passages following.

advice. He put his book IN his pocket. (Put is seldom, place never, followed by into.)

Try to reconcile him to his brother-To his fate. He knew how to reconcile liberality WITH prudence. You may rely on his fidelity. He remonstrated AGAINST this. They bear a great resemblance to each other.

A sale BY auction; not AT.* Be not solicitous ABOUT the future. He is solicitous FOR an office (something to be obtained). "Shall we sow the headland WITH

wheat? WITH red wheat, Davy."-Shakespeare.

7. Between and betwixt refer to two, among to more than two; as, "He divided his books between his two sons;" "He divided his books among his three sons;" "The exact partition of power among king, lords, and commons."-Macaulay.

8. In is often improperly used for into to denote entrance; as, "He went in the house." "He ran in the garden" implies that he was already in the garden when he began to run; "He ran into the garden" implies that he was out of the garden when he began to run.

9. To denote the separation of any thing into parts into, to, and in are used. Into regards the state of separation as something that may be entered into; to regards the state as something that may be arrived at; in regards the state as something in which the thing may exist. When the number of parts or pieces is mentioned in is always used. "Break it into shatters."-Swift. "Break it all to pieces."-Shakespeare. "Break thou in pieces." -Id. "They were divided into little independent societies."-Locke. "Divide a minute into a thousand parts."Shakespeare. "Divide the living child in two."-English Bible. "We have divided in three our kingdom."-Shakespeare. "All to shivers dashed."-Milton. "Cut me to pieces."-Shakespeare. "My leg is cut in two."-Id. "Lest Paul should have been pulled in pieces."-English Bible.

10. In some places on is improperly used for in before the names of streets; as, "He lives in Pittsburg on Wood Street."-Burt's Pract. Eng. Gram. "No. 137 on Walnut Street."-Harvey's Eng. Grammar. It is said that a house can not be in a street; but certainly a house can not be on a street, in contact with the upper surface of a street. When we say that a certain bank is in Lombard Street we mean by street the space distinguished by the name of the paved way that passes through it, in which space the bank is situated. "The situation of a building, whether it were high or low, in an open square or in a narrow street."- Addison. "The captain proceeded to withdraw his men towards their guard-house in the High Street."-Scott. "This was a large wooden house built in a fashion of which there are specimens still extant in the streets of our older towns."-Hawthorne. "Friend Rawdon then drove on to Mr. Moss's mansion in Cursitor Street.”—Thackeray. "The Merdle establishment in Harley Street."-Dickens.

11. Avoid the gross vulgarism of using to for at to denote situation or presence; as, "He is up to the house;" "I saw them do it over to Fred's."-Rev. E. Kellogg. 12. "I really doubt whether I shall write any more under this signature."Junius. Some persons in America have attempted to introduce the barbarism "over this signature," supposing the preposition to be employed to point out the place of the signature in relation to the writing. It would not be more absurd to suppose that "He did it under the name of friendship" implies that the name of friendship was written over him. "Under his signature" implies that the signa

*Sale by auction (by increasing), so called from the fact that each successive bidder increases the price offered, is a particular mode by which goods are disposed of, as by barter denotes another mode. "Goods sold by auction."-Johnson. "Such is the sale by auction."-Beattie. "In America the more prevalent expression has been sales at auction,' as if referring to the place where they are made. In England the form has always been 'sales by auction,' i. e. by an increase of bids (Latin auctione). This latter form is more correct, and is now coming into use in some of our leading newspapers."-Webster's Dictionary.