CONTENTS

PREFACE

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

ANCIENT CHRISTIANITY

DIVISION ONE. THE CHURCH UNDER THE HEATHEN EMPIRE:

TO A. D. 324.

PERIOD I.-THE APOSTOLIC AGE: TO CIRCA A. D. 100

§ 1. The Neronian Persecution . .

§ 2. The Death of Peter and Paul

§3. The Death of the Apostle John.

84. The Persecution under Domitian

PERIOD II.-THE POST-APOSTOLIC AGE: A. D. 100-A. D. 140

5. Christianity and Judaism.

§ 6. The Extension of Christianity

§ 7. Relation of the Roman State to Christianity

§ 8. Martyrdom and the Desire for Martyrdom

§ 9. The Position of the Roman Community of Christians

in the Church

10. Chiliastic Expectations

11. The Church and the World

§ 12. Theological Ideas

§13. Worship in the Post-Apostolic Period

14. Church Organization

15. Church Discipline

§ 16. Moral Ideas in the Post-Apostolic Period

.

PERIOD III.-THE CRITICAL PERIOD: A. D. 140 TO A. D. 200

Chapter I. The Church in Relation to the Empire and Heathen

Culture

§ 17. The Extension of Christianity

§ 18. Heathen Religious Feeling and Culture in Relation to

Christianity

19. The Attitude of the Roman Government toward

Christians, A. D. 138 to A. D. 192

§ 20. The Literary Defence of Christianity

Chapter II. The Internal Crisis: The Gnostic and Other Heret-

ical Sects

§ 21. The Earlier Gnostics: Gnosticism in General . . .

§ 22. The Greater Gnostic Systems: Basilides and Valen-

29. The Apostles' Creed

$30. Later Gnosticism.

831. The Results of the Crisis

Chapter III. The Defence against Heresy

§ 26. Councils as a Defence against Heresy

§ 27. The Apostolic Tradition and the Episcopate .

§ 28. The Canon or the Authoritative New Testament

Writings.

Chapter IV. The Beginnings of Catholic Theology

§ 32. The Apologetic Conception of Christianity

833. The Asia Minor Conception of Christianity

PERIOD IV. THE AGE OF THE CONSOLIDATION OF THE CHURCH:

200 TO 324 A. D... .

Chapter I. The Political and Religious Conditions of the Em-
pire.

§ 34. State and Church under Septimius Severus and Cara-

calla

35. Religious Syncretism in the Third Century

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836. The Religious Policy of the Emperors from Heliogaba-

lus to Philip the Arabian, 217-249

§ 37. The Extension of the Church at the Middle of the

Third Century .

Chapter II. The Internal Development of the Church in Doc-

trine, Custom, and Constitution .

§ 40. The Monarchian Controversies

(A) Dynamistic Monarchianism.

(B) Modalistic Monarchianism

38. The Easter Controversy and the Separation of the

Churches of Asia Minor from the Western Churches 161

39. The Religion of the West: Its Moral and Juristic

Character.

§ 41. Later Montanism and the Consequences of Its Ex-

clusion from the Church

42. The Penitential Discipline.

§ 43. The Catechetical School of Alexandria: Clement and

Origen

$44. Neo-Platonism .

Chapter III. The First General Persecution and Its Conse-

quences

§45. The Decian-Valerian Persecution. .

§46. Effects of the Persecution upon the Inner Life of

the Church ..

Chapter IV. The Period of Peace for the Church: A. D. 260

to A. D. 303..

51. The Unity of the Church and the See of Rome

52. Controversy over Baptism by Heretics.

53. The Beginnings of Monasticism

$54. Manichæanism. .

.

$47. The Chiliastic Controversy

§ 48. Theology of the Second Half of the Third Century

under the Influence of Origen

§ 49. The Development of the Cultus

50. The Episcopate in the Church.

Chapter V. The Last Great Persecution.

§ 55. The Reorganization of the Empire by Diocletian

§ 56. The Diocletian Persecution . .

§ 57. Rise of Schisms in Consequence of the Diocletian Per-

secution

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DIVISION TWO.-THE CHURCH UNDER THE CHRISTIAN EMPIRE:

FROM 312 TO CIRCA 750 ..

PERIOD I.-THE IMPERIAL STATE CHURCH OF THE UNDIVIDED

EMPIRE, OR UNTIL THE DEATH OF THEODOSIUS THE

GREAT, 395

Chapter I. The Church and Empire under Constantine

§ 58. The Empire under Constantine and His Sons

§ 59. The Favor Shown the Church by Constantine

§ 60. The Repression of Heathenism under Constantine

§ 61. The Donatist Schism under Constantine

§ 62. Constantine's Endeavors to Bring about the Unity of

the Church by Means of General Synods: the Coun-

cils of Arles and Nicæa.

Chapter II. The Arian Controversy until the Extinction of the

Dynasty of Constantine

§ 63. The Outbreak of the Arian Controversy and the Coun-

cil of Nicæa A. D. 325

§64. The Beginnings of the Eusebian Reaction under Con-

stantine. . .

§ 65. The Victory of the Anti-Nicene Party in the East

§ 66. Collapse of the Anti-Nicene Middle Party; the Re-

newal of Arianism; the Rise of the Homoousian

Party .

Chapter IV. The Empire and the Imperial State Church
§ 72. The Constitution of the State Church
(A) The Ecumenical Council
(B) The Hierarchical Organization

873. Sole Authority of the State Church

§ 67. The Policy of the Sons of Constantine toward Hea-

thenism and Donatism

§ 68. Julian the Apostate

Chapter III. The Triumph of the New-Nicene Orthodoxy over

Heterodoxy and Heathenism

69. The Emperors from Jovian to Theodosius and Their

Policy toward Heathenism and Arianism

$70. The Dogmatic Parties and Their Mutual Relations.

871. The Emperor Theodosius and the Triumph of the

New Nicene Orthodoxy at the Council of Constan-

tinople A. D. 381..

74. The Position of the State Church in the Social Order

of the Empire . .

75. Social Significance of the State Church

§76. Popular Piety and the Reception of Heathenism in

the Church

§ 77. The Extension of Monasticism throughout the Empire

§78. Celibacy of the Clergy and the Regulation of Clerical

Marriage.

(A) Clerical Marriage in the East

(B) Clerical Celibacy in the West

PERIOD II.-THE CHURCH FROM THE PERMANENT DIVISION OF

THE EMPIRE UNTIL THE COLLApse of the Western Em-

PIRE AND THE FIRST SCHISM BETWEEN THE EAST AND THE

WEST, OR UNTIL ABOUT A. D.

500 .

Chapter I. The Church at the Beginning of the Permanent

Separation of the Two Parts of the Roman Empire. .

79. The Empire of the Dynasty of Theodosius

§80. The Extension of the Church about the Beginning of

the Fifth Century

Chapter II. The Church of the Western Empire in the Fifth

Century

§ 81. The Western Church toward the End of the Fourth

Century

82. Augustine's Life and Place in the Western Church.

§83. Augustine and the Donatist Schism

§84. The Pelagian Controversy.

$85. The Semi-Pelagian Controversy

§86. The Roman Church as the Centre of the Catholic

Roman Element of the West.

Chapter III. The Church in the Eastern Empire

§ 87. The First Origenistic Controversy and the Triumph

of Traditionalism. .

§88. The Christological Problem and the Theological

Tendencies

§89. The Nestorian Controversy; the Council of Eph-

esus, A. D. 431. . . .

90. The Eutychian Controversy and the Council of Chal-

cedon A. D. 451 .

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