CONTENTS

PREFACE

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

ANCIENT CHRISTIANITY

DIVISION ONE. THE CHURCH UNDER THE HEATHEN EMPIRE:

TO A. D. 324.

PERIOD I.-THE APOSTOLIC AGE: TO CIRCA A. D. 100

§ 1. The Neronian Persecution

§ 2. The Death of Peter and Paul

83. The Death of the Apostle John.

PAGE

vii

xix

3

5

6

8

9

II

84. The Persecution under Domitian.

PERIOD II.-THE POST-APOSTOLIC AGE: A. D. 100-A. D. 140

§ 5. Christianity and Judaism

§6. The Extension of Christianity

§ 7. Relation of the Roman State to Christianity

§ 8. Martyrdom and the Desire for Martyrdom

§ 9. The Position of the Roman Community of Christians

in the Church . .

§ 11. The Church and the World

27

332

§12. Theological Ideas

30

§13. Worship in the Post-Apostolic Period

32

§14. Church Organization

15. Church Discipline

§ 16. Moral Ideas in the Post-Apostolic Period

36

PERIOD III.-THE CRITICAL PERIOD: A. D. 140 TO A. D. 200

Chapter I. The Church in Relation to the Empire and Heathen
Culture

17. The Extension of Christianity

§ 18. Heathen Religious Feeling and Culture in Relation to

Christianity..

§ 19. The Attitude of the Roman Government toward

Christians, A. D. 138 to A. D. 192

69

Chapter II.

ical Sects

The Internal Crisis: The Gnostic and Other Heret-

§ 21. The Earlier Gnostics: Gnosticism in General .

§ 22. The Greater Gnostic Systems: Basilides and Valen-

Chapter III. The Defence against Heresy .

26. Councils as a Defence against Heresy

27. The Apostolic Tradition and the Episcopate

28. The Canon or the Authoritative New Testament

Chapter IV. The Beginnings of Catholic Theology

832. The Apologetic Conception of Christianity

33. The Asia Minor Conception of Christianity

PERIOD IV.

THE AGE OF THE CONSOLIDATION OF THE CHURCH:

200 TO 324 A. D... .

140

III

Chapter I. The Political and Religious Conditions of the Em-

pire..

141

§ 34. State and Church under Septimius Severus and Cara-

836. The Religious Policy of the Emperors from Heliogaba-

lus to Philip the Arabian, 217-249.

§37. The Extension of the Church at the Middle of the

Third Century ..

Chapter II. The Internal Development of the Church in Doc-

trine, Custom, and Constitution.

PAGE

151

156

159

§38. The Easter Controversy and the Separation of the

Churches of Asia Minor from the Western Churches 161

§39. The Religion of the West: Its Moral and Juristic

Character.

40. The Monarchian Controversies

(A) Dynamistic Monarchianism.

(B) Modalistic Monarchianism

§ 41. Later Montanism and the Consequences of Its Ex-

clusion from the Church

42. The Penitential Discipline.

§ 43. The Catechetical School of Alexandria: Clement and

Origen ..

$44. Neo-Platonism .

Chapter III. The First General Persecution and Its Conse-

quences

$45. The Decian-Valerian Persecution.

§46. Effects of the Persecution upon the Inner Life of

the Church

Chapter IV. The Period of Peace for the Church: A. D. 260

to A. D. 303.

$47. The Chiliastic Controversy

48. Theology of the Second Half of the Third Century

under the Influence of Origen

$49. The Development of the Cultus

50. The Episcopate in the Church . .

§ 51. The Unity of the Church and the See of Rome

52. Controversy over Baptism by Heretics..

§ 53. The Beginnings of Monasticism

§ 54. Manichæanism.

Chapter V. The Last Great Persecution.

165

171

172

175

181

183

189

202

205

206

212

218

219

221

231

237

$55. The Reorganization of the Empire by Diocletian

§ 56. The Diocletian Persecution . .

§ 57. Rise of Schisms in Consequence of the Diocletian Per-

secution

DIVISION TWO.-THE CHURCH UNDER THE CHRISTIAN EMPIRE:

FROM 312 TO CIRCA 750 ..

PERIOD I.-THE IMPERIAL STATE CHURCH OF THE UNDIVIDED

EMPIRE, OR UNTIL THE DEATH OF THEODOSIUS THE

GREAT, 395

Chapter I. The Church and Empire under Constantine

PAGE

272

276

276

277

281

285

287

58. The Empire under Constantine and His Sons

§ 59. The Favor Shown the Church by Constantine

§ 60. The Repression of Heathenism under Constantine

§ 61. The Donatist Schism under Constantine

§ 62. Constantine's Endeavors to Bring about the Unity of

the Church by Means of General Synods: the Coun-

cils of Arles and Nicæa

Chapter II. The Arian Controversy until the Extinction of the

Dynasty of Constantine

§ 63. The Outbreak of the Arian Controversy and the Coun-

cil of Nicæa A. D. 325

§ 64. The Beginnings of the Eusebian Reaction under Con-

stantine . .

289

297

299

306

§ 65. The Victory of the Anti-Nicene Party in the East

§ 66. Collapse of the Anti-Nicene Middle Party; the Re-

newal of Arianism; the Rise of the Homoousian

Party .

§ 67. The Policy of the Sons of Constantine toward Hea-

thenism and Donatism

Chapter III. The Triumph of the New-Nicene Orthodoxy over

Heterodoxy and Heathenism

§ 69. The Emperors from Jovian to Theodosius and Their

Policy toward Heathenism and Arianism

§ 70. The Dogmatic Parties and Their Mutual Relations.

871. The Emperor Theodosius and the Triumph of the

New Nicene Orthodoxy at the Council of Constan-

tinople A. D. 381 . .

Chapter IV. The Empire and the Imperial State Church

872. The Constitution of the State Church

(A) The Ecumenical Council

(B) The Hierarchical Organization

73. Sole Authority of the State Church

74. The Position of the State Church in the Social Order

of the Empire..

$75. Social Significance of the State Church

PAGE

380

384

§ 76. Popular Piety and the Reception of Heathenism in

the Church

877. The Extension of Monasticism throughout the Empire

§ 78. Celibacy of the Clergy and the Regulation of Clerical

Marriage

(A) Clerical Marriage in the East

(B) Clerical Celibacy in the West

396

401

411

412

PERIOD II.-THE CHURCH FROM THE PERMANENT DIVISION OF

THE EMPIRE UNTIL THE COLLAPSE OF THE WESTERN EM-

PIRE AND THE FIRST SCHISM BETWEEN THE EAST AND THE

WEST, OR UNTIL ABOUT A. D. 500

Chapter I. The Church at the Beginning of the Permanent

Separation of the Two Parts of the Roman Empire.

879. The Empire of the Dynasty of Theodosius

420

421

§ 80. The Extension of the Church about the Beginning of

the Fifth Century

425

Chapter II. The Church of the Western Empire in the Fifth

Century.

81. The Western Church toward the End of the Fourth

Century

430

$82. Augustine's Life and Place in the Western Church

§86. The Roman Church as the Centre of the Catholic

Roman Element of the West.

Chapter III. The Church in the Eastern Empire

§ 87. The First Origenistic Controversy and the Triumph

of Traditionalism.

476

481

483

$89. The Nestorian Controversy; the Council of Eph-

esus, A. D. 431.

504

$90. The Eutychian Controversy and the Council of Chal-

cedon A. D. 451

511