Three turnips of the white Norfolk species, weighing 28, 254, and 22lb. were lately taken up indiscriminately, on Splott farm, Cardiff, from the field to which the Agricultural Society's premium of ten guineas has recently been awarded..

Manure-Benjamin Baker, Esq. of Maldon-hall, Essex, thus speaks of salt as a manure: -" As much has been said respecting salt as manure, I beg to present you with the result of an experiment I made last year on a field of wheat. The land is a rich light loam. As soon as the seed was drilled and harrowed, I sowed as much compost as contained twelve bushels of salt, on one acre of land. After the first shower, it had the appearance of being rolled, and the earth turned to a light clay colour: as good a plant of wheat came up as on the other part of the field, but did not look so well all the winter, and the land looked wet, as though it required under-draining. As soon as the dry weather commenced in the month of March, the surface caked so hard, that a loaded waggon might have been driven over it without making any impression. I took advantage of a shower of rain, and had the land well hoed, notwithstanding which the plants did not appear so luxuriant as on the other part of the field, till near harvest, when no difference could be perceived. I was very careful at harvest that no mistakes should occur, and had half an acre from each side of that salted taken to the thrashing machine, and when dressed, took the salted acre: the result was, that I had five pecks on the part covered with salt, more than on the acre adjoining; the whole field was a little hurt by mildew, and the acre salted equally so with the rest, as the corn weighed one pound per sack less than that grown on the acre not hoed or covered with salt. The expense of the copost, carting, sowing, and hoeing the land, was forty shillings."-The salt compost will also eradicate coltsfoot.

Russian Knoll, or bulbous-rooted Celery; Rothen or Red Celery.-The knoll-celery has a bulbous, irregular, contracted-looking root, resembling in some slight degree that of a dwarf

ish ill-grown turnip. The roots are cut away as soon as the plant is completely ripe, when they are preserved in sand for winter consumption. They are at times taken to sea by the Russian, Danish, and foreign men of war, as sea store; and, when cut down, make an excellent strongflavoured soup, during the whole winter. They are also used in considerable quantity by private families, and form an important and valuable addition to the winter stock of vegetables. Both these two species of celery are cultivated in considerable quantity in Germany, Russia, and various other parts of the continent. The intro duction of them into this country is an object much to be wished for.

Good Farming.-A lieutenant in the navy, who has turned his sword into a ploughshare, in his native county of Wilts, has recently drawn from ten acres of land, a gross produce, in one year, of potatoes, turnips, and wheat, to the amount of 300l., or 301. an acre : from one of these, he thinks, his produce was 457. in the year!! The same diligent cultivator, from two breeding sows, had, in one year, a produce which brought in pork, 1257.; the cost of the food for this stock was

481.

So much may be done by a careful attention, with a proper spirit, skill, and economy of process. His maxim is, to give the land labour, manure, and variety, freely; production will be returned in proportion.

Russian Receipt for preventing Mildew on Fruit Trees. Take one quart of watky, (a Russian spirit, prepared from the distillation of rye, and resembling in every respect the whisky of Scotland,) tw pounds of powdered sulphur, two ounces of copperas, and a small quantity of camphor. Dis. solve first the camphor, reduced to powder, gradually in the spirit; then dissolve also the copperas in it; then gradually rub the powdered sulphu into the solution, when the whole will form a mixture of a thickish consistence. The fruit-trees in the spring of the year, immediately after being cleansed and tied up, are to have their trunks and all their branches com. pletely covered with this mixture, by means of a large painter's brush.

Destruction of the Turnip-fly or Beetle.-Sir John Sinclair strongly recommends the following plan for the destruction of the fly or beetle, which attacks the turnip crop in its infant state :—As soon as the ground is completely prepared for sowing the seed, let a quantity of stubble, straw, furze, heath, or any thing that will burn, be spread upon the surface, and burnt upon the ground. This is easily done in dry seasons, when alone the fly is to be dreaded. As soon as that operation is completed, the seed should be sown without a moment's delay. The flame and smoke either kill the insects, or compel them to take shelter in the soil, where they remain until the crop is out of danger. The heat also thus applied, and the ashes thus produced, are of use to the crop; nor does it require such a quantity of combustibles as at first sight might be apprehended,

FRANCE.

but merely that an adequate quantity of smoke and flame to destroy the insects may pass over the surface of the field. It is probable that a ton of dry stubble or straw would be sufficient; and if it is said, how can a farmer suffer any proportion of his straw to be thus employed? the answer is obvious, that by sacrificing a ton of straw (even if that valuable article were made use of), he would ensure, perhaps, thirty tons of turnips, and all the manure thence to be obtained. Can any farmer of common sense, if both were at his option, a ton of straw or thirty tons of turnips, hesitate which to prefer? The practice of burning straw or furze has long been practised in Norfolk and Lincolnshire: it manures the soil, and utterly destroys all insects. Sir John_recommends from 24 to 3 pounds of turnipseed to be sown on an acre.

Jean Lambert Tallien died at Paris on the 16th ult., aged 54. He was originally a porter, then a steward. He became a clerk under government, and was employed in the Moniteur Newspaper in 1791. He was a secretary-general of the commune of Paris, and a member of the council of five hundred. In Egypt, he was editor of the "Decade Egyptienne," and a commissioner of taxes. His last office was commissioner of commerce at Alicant, under Napoleon. The arrest and destruction of Robespierre were owing to Tallien. He rushed to the tribune, expatiated upon the crimes of the revolutionary government, drew forth a dagger, and, turning towards the bust of Brutus, swore that he would plunge it in the heart of the tyrant, if his colleagues refused to break the chains of their enslaved country. Robespierre desired to reply, but in vain. They would not hear him; but passed on to the decree which sentenced him to the scaffold. Tallien married Madame de Fontenay, the present Princess of Chimay. He was one of the regicides, and was included in the law of perpetual banish

ment; but permitted by the king, on the plea of ill health, to remain in France. He died in a state of penury.

The flock of 175 Cashemire goats, which was imported into France in 1819, and placed at the north-east of Toulon, has been removed to a more congenial climate at St. Ouen, near Paris. The kids born in France from this flock are abundantly covered with the magnificent down of which the Cashemire shawls are manufactured; and they are superior in strength and appearance to the indigenous kids of the same age, which leaves no doubt of success from the naturalization.

On the 17th of Nov. the objects furnished by the "Society of the Friends of Art" were exhibited in one of the galleries of the Hotel des Menus Plaisirs du Roy. The exhibition consisted of forty pictures, on various subjects. Heloise and Abeilard surprised by the canon Fulbert, and a scene from the history of the Spanish war, are among the most remarkable pictures. The gallery also contains a beautiful plas-· ter model of Leda and Jupiter in the form of a swan. The exhibition has been much thronged with visitors.

Le Vicomte Chateaubriand, so well known to the literary circles, has been appointed French Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the court of Prussia.

Gymnastics.-There is to be established in Paris an institution for gymnastic education, to be called the Gymnase civil normal. The pupils of all the royal colleges will be admitted gratuitously to this establishment, which is to be under the superintendence of M. Amoros. The Gymnasium will also receive the pupils of other public schools, whose parents may think proper to send them.

Important Discovery.-The celebrated French chemist, Mr. Gay Lussac, is stated to have made a very valuable discovery of a means to render the most inflammable substances combustible without flame and without fire. These bodies are consumed without properly catching fire; or, in other words, without feeding or propagating the fire. Muslin prepared after the process of the inventor, has been exposed to the flames, and was consumed without producing even a spark. This discovery, though now first publicly announced, is said not to be of recent date.

Purifying Salt-water.--By processes now in use, for the distillation and purifying of sea-water, means have been found to deprive it of its salt taste, but not of its empyreumatic smell. M. Nicole, a pharmacian, of Dieppe, professes to have realized this desirable object, by means of a filtre, charged with a layer of coal, which the vapour, in its ascension, has to pass through. The details he has given to the Medical Society of Dieppe.

GERMANY.

Gottingen. His Royal Highness the Duke of Clarence has presented to the Library a fine collection of maritime charts, in a hundred and eightytwo sheets. They are the charts published by the Hydrographical Office, and marked with its stamp, which do not come into the hands of the trade, but are designed entirely for the use of the Royal Navy. The collection includes not only the European Seas, but the greater part of the coasts of Africa, America, and the East and

West Indies. His Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex has also made some presents.

Berlin Academy of the Fine Arts.— The exhibition of the Berlin Academy of the Fine Arts, for 1820, gives ample proof of the rapid progress made by the pupils of the Professors of that Academy; the greater part of whom, after having spent several years in France and Italy, have come back to adorn, with the works of their art, the metropolis of Prussia. Amongst the young painters, Mons. Schadow (son of the famous sculptor of that name) and Wach deserve to be named first. Mr. Wach's Portrait of a young Peasant Girl of Velletri, near Rome, unites the suffrages of all, by the brilliancy of its colours, and by the delicacy of execution. The pictures done by the late Mr. Zimmerman could not be beheld but with a feeling of regret for the loss of that young man, who was, unfortunately, drowned last summer. Mr. Rauch, the famous sculptor (whose marble statues of Generals Bülow and Scharnhorst will soon be finished), enriched the exhibition with a fine bust of his Majesty our King, and with that of her Royal Highness the Grand Duchess of Prussia. A model of a statue of Prince Blucher, which is to be placed in one of the squares of Berlin, by the same artist, was generally admired. The hero is represented as having placed one foot on a gun, while he is looking towards the other side, holding his sword, and as if giving orders.

Instrument for making Perspective Drawings.-M. J.Auracher d'Aurach, Major-general in the Austrian service, has invented a very ingenious instrument, which he calls a Quereographe; by means of which, a person is able to draw in perspective with the greatest accuracy, and apply the various tints according to the rules of chiaro-scuro. In the first part of a work which he has published on the subject, he gives a description of the instrument, which is of very simple construction; in the second he shews its use, and how it is to be applied to every kind of perspective.

Lithography-The progress which this art has inade at Hamburgh ex

ceeds, in neatness, elegance, and finish of execution, those of all the other Lithographical establishments in Germany. We would merely point out some very superior productions, chiefly by Grogers and Aldenrath. A Landscape with Cattle, from a painting by Herterich; a Holy Family, from another by Haysdorff; a whole-length portrait of Luther; and several landscapes, executed in a particular style, and possessing great elegance and force: these are by Benedixen, who has employed both lines and dots. Bunsden, of Altona, has produced many subjects of Gothic architecture. But the most admirable of all are three heads of Christ: one after Carlo Dolce, by Herterich; another by Grogers, from a design of his own; the third from Albert Durer, by Benedixen.

M. Docbereiner, of Jena, professes to have discovered a method of fabricating gaseous water out of the carbonic acid which is disengaged from substances in fermentation, by adapting a process of sulphur to the tubs that hold them, similar to what is done in laboratories. The above project is to be realized in a magnificent brewery, which is intended to be raised at a country-seat of the Grand Duke in High Weimar. M. D. maintains that twenty times more gaseous water than beer may be extracted, without any additional expense. This water will serve both for drinking, and bathing in, in a number of distempered cases. Curious Manuscripts in the Imperial Library at Vienna. (From the Literary Gazette.)—"I have visited (says a traveller) "the Imperial Library at Vienna, where I have seen many curious manuscripts for instance

1. Senatus-Consultum de Bachanalibus coercendis. An ordinance of the police, on a metal plate, relative to the prohibition of the Bacchanalia, written and hung up in Rome, in the year of the city 567; that is, 186 years before the birth of Christ.

2. The Map of the Itinerary of Theodosius the Great, on parchment; of the fourth century: the whole of the known world is represented upon it, stretched out like a long zone. They had not, at that time, the slight

est notion of the true position of countries: the Mediterranean Sea is drawn like a narrow river, and Italy like a thin stripe. The far more correct notions of the Greeks in earlier times were wholly forgotten at this barbarous period.-N. B. Pompeii and Herculaneum are marked on this map.

3. Twenty-six quarto leaves of parchment of the first Book of Moses, adorned with many pictures. Written in large letters, in the Greek language; of the fourth century.

4. Latin fragments of the four Evangelists; of the fourth century.

5. Herbarium Dioscoridis, in Greck, on parchment, with coloured plants; of the fifth century. The plants (excepting the want of shade) are well and elegantly designed. The learned Hungarian, Angerius Busbeck, who was internuncio (or envoy) at Constantinople for the Emperor _Ferdinand I., brought this book to Vienna in the tenth century.

6. The last five Books of Livy; of the fifth century.

7. Fragments of the Gospel of St. Luke of the sixth century.

:

8. An Horarium, or Prayer-Book, which formerly belonged to Hildegard, consort of the Emperor Charlemagne, who died A. D. 783. The book is on parchment, with golden letters.

9. A parchment Codex, St. Paul's Epistles to the Romans, with Origen's Paraphrases: copied in the eighth century, by one Windhar, and, as the writer says in some Latin verses, corrected by the Emperor Charlemagne with his own hand. Here, therefore, I have seen the hand-writing of Charlemagne; if it is really his, he wrote a good hand.

10. Mexican Hieroglyphics, painted in Mexico, upon buck-leather, and presented by Ferdinand Cortez to the Emperor Charles V. These hieroglyphics are now as little understood as those of Egypt. Cortez thought they must be devilish emblems, or magic images. I have obtained an impression of them on copper. Humholdt has brought similar things with him, which he shewed me at Berlin in 1806.