RAFT....AS RIFT (riv'd) was shewn to be the past participle of to rive; so RAFT (rafed) is the past participle of ɲefan, ɲearian, rapere, to rive, to reave or bereave, to tear away. ROUGH (noF) and RIFF-RAFF are the same participle. "What gylte of me? what fel experience Troylus, boke 5, fol. 197, pag. 1, col. 2. "But priuely she cought forth a knyfe "And therwithal she RAFTE herselfe her lyfe. Lucrece, fol. 216, pag. 1, col. 1. CLOUGH As well as cleeve, cleft, cliff, clift CLOUT Sand cloven, are the past participle of Chorian, findere, to cleave. "She fayned her, as that she must gon "There as ye wote, that euery wight hath nede, "She rent it al to CLOUTES, and at last "Into the preuy sothly she it cast." Marchaunts Tale, fol. 31, p. 2, col. 2. "She ne had on but a strayte olde sacke Rom. of the Rose, fol. 122, pag. 1, col. "And cast on my clothes clouted and hole." Vision of P. Ploughman, fol. 31, pag. 2. Clouve, clough, cleaved or divided....into small pieces. Clouved, clouv'd, clout. "Indeede a must shoote nearer, or heele ne're "hit the CLOUT." Loue's Labour lost, act 4. Clouted cream is so called for the same reason. WOOF....AS WEFT, before noticed, in the past participle of Feran, to weave. "And yet the spacious bredth of this diuision "As Ariachne's broken wooFE to enter." Troylus and Cressida. TAG....as well as TIGHT, is the past participle of tian, vincire. FORD....S. Johnson says, most untruly, that this word...." sometimes signifies the stream, the cur"rent, without any consideration of passage or "shallowness."(8) AS FART, SO FORD is the past participle of Faɲan, to go; and always, without exception, means gone, i. e. a place gone over or through. WANE WAN Are all (as well as WANT and GAUNT beforementioned) the past participle of WAND Panian, to wane, to decrease, to fall away; and mean decreased, or fallen away. The moon in the WANE, is the moon in a decreased state. Skelton, page 167, edit. 1736, says.... "The waters were wAN," i. e. decreased. (8)" FORD, says Junius, vadum, qualiscunque via aut transitus per flumen. A. s. Ford, a faɲan, ire, transire: quam originem "tradit Guntherus Ligurini sui lib. primo : "Sede satis notâ, rapido quæ proxima Mogo "Clara situ, populoque frequens, muroque decora eft, "His spear, to equal which the smallest pine TALL TOLL TOOL TOIL Paradise Lost, book 1, verse 294. All these words, as well as TILT, which we have already explained, >however different they may at first sight appear, are all one word, with one meaning; and are the past participle of the Anglo-Saxon verb tilian, to lift up, TAILLE to till. TALL, and the French word taille (as applied to stature) i. e. raised, lifted up; require, I suppose, no explanation. TOLL, and the French word taille (which is taken of goods) differ only in pronunciation and consequent writing of them. It is a part lifted off or taken away. Nor will this use of the word appear extraordinary, when we consider the common expressions of....to raise taxes....to levy taxes.... lever des impots....A levey upon any persons....une levée. The TOLL of a bell, is, its being lifted up, which causes that sound we call its TOLL. TOOL is (some instrument, any instrument) lifted up, or taken up, to work with. TOIL (for labour) applied perhaps at first principally to having tilled (or lifted up) the earth; afterwards to other sorts of labour. The verb was formerly written in English tueil and tuail. "Biholde ye the lilies of the feeld hou thei wexen: thei tueilen not, nether spinnen." Matheu. chap. vi. "Greteth well Marie: the whiche hath tuailid myche in us." Romans, chap. xvi. TOIL (for a snare) is any thing lifted up or raised, for the purpose of ensnaring any animal. As a spider's web is a TOIL (something lifted up) to catch flies: springes and nets, TOILS for other animals. BATCH....as well as BACON (before explained) is the past participle of bacan, to bake. The indifferent pronounciation of CH or к, ought not to cause any difficulty: for it prevails throughout the whole language: as link and linch, rick and rich, &c. A BATCH of bread, is, the bread baked at one time. I have already said that BARREN is the past participle of the verb to bar and that, when we apply this word barren either to land or to females, me assert the passage, either from the womb or the earth, to be barr-en or barr-ed from bearing any thing into the world or into life. Our English verb to bar is the Gothic and Anglo-Saxon verb BAIKTAN, beorgan, birgan, byngan; which means, to defend, to keep safe, to protect, to arm, to guard, to secure, to fortify, to strengthen. And the past participle of this verb has furnished our language with the following supposed substantives. A BAR, in all its uses, is a defence that by which any thing is fortified, strengthened, or defended. A BARN (bar-en, bar'n) is a covered inclosure, in which the grain &c. is protected or defended from the weather, from depredation, &c. A BARON is an armed, defenceful, or powerful man. A BARGE is a strong boat. A BARGAIN is a confirmed, strengthened agreement. .....After two persons have agreed upon a subject, it is usual to conclude with asking....Is it a BARGAIN? IS it confirmed? A BARK is a stout vessel. The The BARK of a tree is its defence: that by which the tree is defended from the weather &c. "cause is, for that trees last according to the strength and quantity of their sap and juice; being well munited by their BARK against the "injuries of the air." 1 Bacon's Natural History, Century 6. The BARK of a dog is that by which we are defended by that animal. A BARKEN, according to Skinner...." Vox in "comitatu Wilts usitatissima, atrium, a yard of a "house vel a verbo to barr; vel a Germ. Bergen, |