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"A mulatto man, named Crispus Attucks, who was born in Framlingham, but lately belonged to New Providence, and was here in order to go for North Carolina, also killed instantly; two balls entering his breast, one of them in special goring the right lobe of the lungs, and a great part of the liver most horribly."

Subject to the better knowledge of your American correspondents, I think this is conclusive as to Attucks's negro blood, as if a native Indian his birthplace and subsequent movements would not be so accurately known or chronicled, and I understand also that the word mulatto would

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not have been used unless one of the parents was of negro race.

The newspaper, which is strongly antiBritish, gives a very vivid account of the whole business. A great portion of the issue is taken up with copies of the resolutions passed by the towns round Boston, pledging themselves not to use any British goods, and denouncing those who do; and among the names of the citizens prominent in asserting their rights are those of Hancock, Adams, and others who afterwards became

famous.

Melbourne.

EDWARD STEVENS.

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66 "MAR IN MARDYKE (10 S. xii. 310, 475). -"Mardyke " would seem to denote the dyke or drain " through the marsh," that which passes through the three Saltfleetbys in Lincolnshire on the north side of the main road. In St. Peter's parish it is comparatively small, though larger than the field-drains in "The Marsh"; but, receiving tributary drains all the way, it becomes, in St. Clement's parish, quite wide and deep, a remarkable-looking drain indeed, and might be taken for a river, were it not

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deans of the collegiate churches of AuckIn this county (Durham) there land St. Andrew, Chester-le-Street, Darlington, and Lanchester, and each had its prebends. There are old buildings at each place (except Chester) still known as "the deanery 22; but on the site of the Deanery at Chester-le-Street a comparatively modern mansion has been erected, which is still called The Deanery.22

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Yorkshire, had also its dean and prebends. The collegiate church of Middleham, R. B-R.

South Shields.

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Probably the Rev. Mackenzie Walcott would say in his Cathedralia.' J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL. SELBY, YORKS: ITS PECULIAR" COURT AND PARISH REGISTERS (10 S. xii. 409, 475). -MR. S. S. M'DOWALL does not quite touch the point of my inquiry. I know that the original registers in a more or less imperfect state are at Selby; but I want information about what are known as the Bishops' Transcripts, which one would expect to find at the Diocesan Registry, York. On inquiry I am told that they are not there because Selby was a Peculiar Court. Where are these transcripts now, if they have been preserved ?

It appears to me that the parishes within the Peculiar Court should have sent the copy of their register to the bishop, as required by the ordinance of 1597.

The Heights, Rochdale.

HENRY FISHWICK.

Though I cannot give COL. FISHWICK any information as to the registers from 1636 to 1715, it may be worth while to point out, in case he does not know it, that extracts from the registers for many of the years 1728-63 are to be found in the British Museum. They are Add. Charters 45913–33. H. I. B.

For sudden joys, like griefs, confound at first.
Fruitless inquiries for the source of this line
were made at 3 S. ii. 166 and 4 S. viii. 426.
W. C. B.

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (10 S. description of Castle Hedingham-the great xii. 509).fortress of the De Veres-shows us the best side of one of the finest of its kind. To us it has but one merit, spacious rooms, and its defects are many windows too small to make the rooms cheerful, yet quite large enough to make it cold in the absence of any glazing; each side of the room an outside wall; a fireplace with a short flue and small vents; the sleeping-places (if any) mere bunks in recesses burrowed in the walls: cooking carried on either in the hall itself or at

BAKERS' SERVANTS, c. 1440 (10 S. xii. 427, 498). On the analogy of proweour= purveyor in Langland (Stratmann-Bradley), soureour may mean surveyor, with no dis-had two rooms (perhaps four if an attic and a cordant sense.

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H. P. L.

CANON PELLING (10 S. xii. 367). The Christian name of Canon Pelling was John. In The Fruits of Endowment,' London, 1840, the following entry occurs: "Pelling, John, D.D. Canon, Windsor [published] Sermon: Before the Clergy (Exod. xx. 5). 1709."

I am unable to say who his parents were, except that possibly his father may have been the Rev. Edward Pelling, D.D., Prebendary of Westminster, who between 1673 and 1696 published a considerable number of theological works. See Darling's 'Cyclopædia Bibliographica,' vol. ii.

W. SCOTT.

DR. JAMES BRADLEY, ASTRONOMER ROYAL (10 S. xii. 489).-There is a pedigree extant of the family of Bradley by Rouge Croix, but whether the original or a copy of it is in the College of Arms, or not, I do not know. J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

The Growth of the English House: a Short History
of its Architectural Development from 1100 to
1800. By J. Alfred Gotch. (Batsford.)
It is our pleasant duty every now and then to
direct the attention of the public to a wholly
admirable book: we feel sure that readers of
'N & Q.' will agree with us that Mr. Gotch's
latest publication is entitled to that distinction.
In the space of 300 pages he deals with over
200 historical houses, illustrating his remarks
by 214 photographs, drawings, or plans. He
writes for the general public, making no demand
on any knowledge of architecture, though pro-
fessional students will find much in it to interest
them. All sorts of buildings, from Norman keeps
to mansions in St. James's Square, are described
in turn, and the chain of development from first
to last is kept steadily in view.

Considered as a dwelling-house, a Norman keep must have been singularly uncomfortable from every point of view-cold, dark, and inconvenient: it had but one merit, that of being safe from a sudden surprise. Mr. Gotch's full

long distances from it. Peak Castle in Derbyshire must have been very much harder to live in. It cellar floor were ever constructed and used), the lower lit by two small slits in the wall, the upper (measuring 22 ft. by 19 ft.) having in addition two closets hollowed in the walls. There were no fireplaces, and there is no trace of hearths, though probably they existed. Yet this was a famous place in its time, and many of the peel towers on the Borders built three centuries later were little better.

All these towers were four-square, the round tower finding little favour in England (we except Windsor), as at the time of its vogue in France Englishmen were building fortified or moated manor houses. What is really curious and unexplained is the building of such a place as Tattershall Castle (half way between Lincoln and Boston) on the model of a Norman tower so late as the middle of the fifteenth century. understand the use of Warkworth Castle-its contemporary-and admire the skill shown in planning it, so as to combine something of the comfort of a manor house with the security of a fortress; but Tattershall seems built to no purpose-it was not a dwelling-place for the man who built South Wingfield Manor House.

We can

However it may be, the great single room of the Norman Castle suited the temperament of English builders, for it was the central point of domestic architecture till Stuart times. The first fortified manor houses consisted of a great hall, with a kitchen near the doorway for the service, and a solar at the other end as a retiring room for the lord. Every important building down to the days of Elizabeth repeated and enlarged on this plan the kitchen developing into the servants' wing, the solar into the family apartments. Lastly, the hall began to lose its importance in some houses it becomes a gallery running the whole length of the front, in others it is a mere parlour. Mr. Gotch has described many fine examples of the hall in its various stages. The finest of them, and the earliest, is Oakham Castle, in Rutland; while Stokesay Castle in Shropshire is a later and very interesting form. No work on English homes could possibly omit Haddon Hall or Kenilworth Castle, but it will be seen that the author has gone to considerable pains to avoid hackneyed examples. His account of the kitchens at Stanton Harcourt and Glastonbury is extremely good.

Mr. Gotch is at his best, we think, in the chapters dealing with Elizabethan and Jacobean houses-interiors and exteriors alike-but especially when treating of the decorative plaster and panelling; and he is least happy when referring to the influence of the Amateurs.' The elevation of fig. 159 from Kent's Designs of Inigo Jones' is almost a copy of one of Palladio's drawings with a few banal additions; while

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many of the houses figured in the chapter on the Palladian style do not recall any features of his work. Of course the truth is that no one could live in England in a really Palladian house-one would have to follow Lord Chesterfield's advice and live in a house opposite to enjoy a view of it. The reaction from the grand style to the " ugly but comfortable " is comprehensible, if deplorable. No work will ever displace in our affections Turner and Parker's Domestic Architecture in the Middle Ages,' but Mr. Gotch's little book will stand beside it on our shelves. It is just the sort of book to give to any one who is inclined to be interested about old buildings without knowing much of them. Without any parade of teaching, it will direct attention to obvious features of style and set the student on the right One feature we are specially pleased with is the Chronological List of Castles and Houses.' It does not pretend to include even all the more notable historic houses of England, but it is a beginning, and the buildings given here, being all dated, will serve to fix the dates of many others whose origin is unknown. A complete list of the historic houses of England is not an impossible undertaking, and we should like to see it done. Unfortunately, there are difficulties in the way. Travelling is often costly and uncomfortable in England. Here is a book describing 200 fine buildings, but one's heart sinks when one realizes that the attempt to see any of them out of the beaten tourist track means a day's labour, the discomfort of bad food, and, probably, overcharge for it. An association like the Touring Club de France is badly wanted in England for the education of English hotel-keepers. All the same we are grateful to Mr. Gotch for having mapped out new objects of interest in rural England, and refreshed our memories of old friends.

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The Fortnightly opens with the first three chapters of Meredith's posthumous novel, Celt and Saxon.' So far the Celt only is exhibited in a young Irishman, who comes to Wales on a Mr. chivalrous quest concerning his brother. Garvin's review of ' Imperial and Foreign Affairs is almost entirely concerned with Germany and the question of the Navy, and is a good example of his vigorous writing. Mr. W. S. Lilly in Eyes and No Eyes' considers the Irish question, and no more succeeds in giving an impartial view than most writers. Mr. Lilly's style is too heavy to be attractive. The Later Heroines of Maurice Maeterlinck' are the subject of a pretty piece of prose by his wife. The version in English by Mr. A. T. de Mattos is excellent. Mr. Archibald Hurd considers The Naval Issue more, and declares that our present fleet is admittedly above a two-Power standard.' He regards 41,000,000l. as necessary for the Navy Estimates of the coming year. Mr. E. H. Pickersgill writes on Imprisonment for Debt,' proposing changes in the law which seem to us by no means sure to do good. The Committee on the subject of which he was chairman were divided in opinion, but he claims a majority for his views. Mr. Alfred Stead dwells on the virtues of Prince Ito, Patriot and Statesman,' which are generally recognized by the thoughtful. Prof. H. H. Turner has an interesting article on Migrating Stars,' and belongs to the small body of scientific men who can both write and observe. Mr. F. G. Aflalo in The Mind of the

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on

Sportsman' reviews several recent books sport. Fiction in The Fortnightly is generally worth reading, and 'An Unofficial Divorce,' by Mr. Stephen Reynolds, is an effective story of a fisherman and his brother who married the wrong girls, and changed their wives to their mutual satisfaction.

on

IN The Nineteenth Century Sir Bampfylde Fuller writes, doubtless, good sense Indian Responsibilities of Liberal Politicians,' The but his style is too full and wordy to please the public of to-day. The title of A General Strike' is hardly justified by Mr. B. C. Molloy's article. What he considers is a strike of coalminers so general as to paralyze virtually all offered, which does not seem so easy as this industry. Co-partnership is the panacea interesting paper suggests. M. André Beaunier Française Contemporaine,' which is, like that of writes delightful French in La Littérature other countries, in a state of anarchy, and suffering from too much writing by everybody. Former good readers are now bad writers. Symbolism is no longer a power in poetry. The theatre attracts literary talent, and the results are geneleast respectable rally deplorable, for writers seek to flatter the desires of the multitude.

Novelists have not the public they had in the days of Zola and Daudet. It is suggested that Anatole France is not so original as he was thought to be. His many imitators do not count. M. Maurice Barrès and M. Jules Lemaître are selected as worthy of special notice, and brilliantly characterized. In 'The Making of a Poet Mr. Stephen Gwynn brings forward for praise the work of Mr. W. H. Davies and Mr. James Stephens, and his summary is both fair and attractive. Incidentally, he makes some general statements which seem to us of doubtful validity. Some Reminiscences of Mr. Gladstone,' by Sir Algernon West, are pleasant, though, like other papers on the subject, they remind us that Gladstone either had no Boswell, or did not often say notable things. A Self-Supporting Penal Labour Colony,' by Edith Sellers, is an account of Witzwil in Switzerland. The Director, whose name is not given, must be a remarkable organizer, with a sympathetic Government at his back. Nothing better than such a combination can be wished for solution at home of the Miss Rose problem of the unemployable. Bradley has an article which is both lively and instructive on Boswell and a Corsican Patriot.' The title In the Shadow of the Tower' gives no idea of the pathetic human interest of Mr. Gabriel Costa's account of a morning at the London Appeal Board under the Aliens' Act. In the little office in Great Tower Street many an alien, driven by persecution and want from his native land, gains the chance of a fresh start in England, or learns, alas! that "the hoped-for life of freedom in a free country is not destined Miss Viola Tree is new to us as a to be found." She succeeds in extracting matter of writer. The Censorship interest from the Blue-book on of Stage Plays,' though it seems to us tolerably 'the high intellectual absurd to talk about In standard of both questions and answers." 'The Ito Legend' Mr. F. T. Piggott adds from personal recollections to the chorus of praise which surrounds the memory of the far-seeing patriot.

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Mr. Bertram Dobell's Catalogue 179 contains books from the library of the late Frederick Hendriks, most of them with prints, autograph letters, and notes. Byron, complete edition in with volume, extra-illustrated Finden's engravings and a series of female portraits, green morocco extra, a fine copy, 1850, 158. Under Dickens is Ward's Memoir,' illustrated with 50 portraits of Dickens and his contemporaries, and six autograph letters from Albert Smith, Forster, and others, calf extra, 1882, 31. 3s. Under Heraldry is Sylvanus Morgan's Treatise of Honor and Honorable Men,' the Author's unpublished manuscript, 170 pages, with drawings of coats of arms (inserted is the title-page of The Sphere of Gentry,' containing the Author's portrait), 1642, 77. 108. Under Roxburghe Club is a volume containing Dibdin's Song to be sung at Roxburger's Hall,' Diary of Roger Payne,' &c., with a collection of 200 illustrations, royal 8vo, half-russia, 21. 128. Among miscellaneous books are works under Ballads and Bibliography. Under Calderon is MacCarthy's translation of three dramas of Calderon, 1870, 11. 18. There is a rare and curious book under Drinking: A Warning-Piece to all Drunkards and Health-drinkers,' full of accounts of the untimely end of persons alleged to have been killed by drink, 1682, 21, 28. A fine large copy of Fletcher's Rule a Wife and Have a Wife,' first edition, small 4to, half-morocco, Oxford, Leonard Lichfield, 1640, is 8l. 108.; the first edition of The Egoist,' 3 vols., original cloth, library ticket removed from covers, 1879, 21. 108.; and a rare copy of Boccaccio's 'De Præclaris Mulieribus,' 1475, crimson morocco, 221.

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Mr. John Hitchman's Birmingham Christmas Catalogue contains the Autograph Edition of Ruskin, 8 vols., full morocco extra, 91. 98. ; Lucas's edition of Charles Lamb, 8 vols., halflevant, 41. 12s. 6d.; J. M. Barrie's Novels, Author's Edition, 10 vols., 21. 58.; Catlin's North American Indians,' 2 vols., 21. 108. ; Scharf and Cust's Mary, Queen of Scots,' 11. 58. ; Wyon's Great Seals of England,' folio, 21. 88. ; Thackeray's Novels, 7 vols., first editions (except Vanity Fair,' which is the second issue of the first), half-levant, 5l. 58. ; and the first edition, in the original wrapper, of Swinburne's Ode on the Proclamation of the French Republic,' 1870, 158.

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Mr. Hitchman has also a short list (No. 500) of a few interesting books at reduced prices, including Burton's Arabian Nights,' the Centenary Edition of Carlyle, Bradshaw Society Publications, St. John Hope's Order of the Garter,' &c.

Mr. Sutton's Manchester Catalogue 173 contains Ainsworth's Windsor Castle,'' Old St. Paul's,' and The Miser's Daughter,' the 3 vols. as new, 1844-8, 15l. 15s. ; black-letter cditions of Foxe's works; the Library Edition of Froude's 'History,' 12 vols., cloth, uncut, 1856-70, 41. 48. ; a set of Lever's novels, original illustrations, 16 vols., half-calf, 81. 88. ; Staunton's edition of Shakespeare with Gilbert's illustrations, 3 vols., 1858, il. 18.; and Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography,' 3 vols., 1850, 128. Under Cruikshankiana is a collection of 81 plates, folio, original boards, McLean, 11. 108. There are nearly 300 items devoted to Irish Topography and Literature.

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Mr. T. Thorp's Catalogue 41 contains a collection of Mrs. Inchbald's Manuscript Diaries, 107. 108. Under Hogarth is a set of original drawings inserted in a copy of Tristram Shandy,' Vols. I.-III., bound in one thick small 8vo volume, rough half-calf (date cut from title), about 1765. These seven drawings are executed, Mr. Thorp states, "in Hogarth's best style,' price 1057. Among the Addenda will be found under Hogarth an atlas folio, half-calf, containing 79 plates, fine early impressions, 1738-90, 87. 108. Under America are some early maps. There are many juvenile books, ranging from 1760; and there is a list of book-plates recently purchased. Works under London include an extra-illustrated copy of Brayley, the 4 vols. extended to 10, 1816, 77. 108.; and a Register of Admissions to Gray's Inn,' 1521-1889, with Register of Marriages 1695-1754,' by Joseph Foster, privately printed, 1889, 12s. 6d. Among speeches are those of Sir Robert Peel, with explanatory index, 4 vols., 1853, 21. 108. Under Wordsworth is Moxon's edition, 6 vols., original cloth, uncut, 1841, 17. 168. Mr. Thorp issues from Guildford Catalogue 20, which contains works on Zoology, Botany, Astronomy, and Physics.

[Reviews of other Catalogues held over.]

THE REV. JOHN PICKFORD.-We are sorry to notice the death on December 30th of the Rev. John Pickford, Rector of Newbourne, Suffolk, at the age of 80. He was one of the steadiest correspondents to our columns, and kept up to the last a vivid interest in history, antiquities of all sorts, his Oxford friends, and the classics. He wrote a 'Life of Thomas Percy, Bishop of Dromore.' At 10 S. xii. 376 he pointed out that his first communication to us appeared as long ago as 19 July, 1856, in the Second Series.

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