CONTENTS.

PARAGRAPHS

1.-THE IMPORTANCE OF LANGUAGE, &c.

1 Words the instruments of thought

2 Reason aided, and knowledge communicated, by rational language

3-4 A close examination of languages corroborates Revelation

5-6 All languages proceeded from one parent; The diversity of tongues

PAGES

7-12 Resemblances in language proved by the ten numerals, and other examples 3-6

13 Diversity of languages; The account of Moses more rational than the vague

theories of some modern philosophers

14-17 Languages divided into classes; The Shemitic, and the languages spoken by

the descendants of Ham

.

18-20 Japhetic languages- table of them-proof that they are all of cognate origin

with Sanscrit

6-7

.

7-9

10

11

21-24 Europe peopled from the East; The Celts arrived first, then the Teutoni or

Germans, and subsequently the Sclavonians

25 The Scandinavian and Germanic languages.

II.-THE GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN LANGUAGES.

1 The Germanic languages distinguished from the Scandinavian

2 The etymology of German, Teutonic, Deutschen, Theotisc, &c.

3-8 The Germans promoted liberty; Their language divided into Low and High-

German

9 Reason for placing the Anglo-Saxon first

11

12

12-13

14

III. THE ANGLO-SAXONS,

1 Origin of the Anglo-Saxons

2-5 Their settlement in Britain; The Jutes; Saxons; Angles

6-7 Origin of the word England; Duration of the Anglo-Saxon dominion

8 The West-Saxons obtained supreme power, and fixed the standard of the

language

9 Anglo-Saxon authors, and a SPECIMEN of pure Anglo-Saxon
10-18 Their Dialects; specimen of the Northumbrian Gloss, A.D. 900; of the
Rushworth Gloss; Chronicle, A.D. 1135; the Grave, A.D. 1150; Ormulum,
A.D, 1180; Robert of Gloucester, A.D. 1280; Wiclif, A.D. 1380; Dialect of
Kent, A.D. 1340

19 Provincial Dialects, with a list of Glossaries

20-21 Importance of provincial Dialects; Orthography of
22-29 A SPECIMEN of the Somersetshire Dialect; Exmoor; East-Anglian; Derby-

shire; Cheshire; Lancashire; Craven, Yorkshire; Glossary of .

30 Compositive power of the Anglo-Saxon, and the extensive use of English

IV. THE FRIESIANS.

Ancient and modern Friesic compared with A.-S.; Friesic authors
1-2 Anglo-Saxon a dead language; sound of Letters not easily known
3-5 Diphthongal sounds in A.-S.; difficulty in expressing them; changeable
6-8 Dialectic varieties; hence variety in Spelling; vowels interchange

14

14-16

16

17

17-21

36-37

PARAGRAPHS

PAGES

9-10 Lye commended for giving the variety of Spelling.

11-12 Speech fixed by the frame of the organs; one sound chosen, the rest follow

13-26 How to discover A.-S. pronunciation; names of numerals; formation of

numerals; the use of Gothic; Gothic the oldest German

37-38

38

39-43

27-33 Arrangement of the Gothic tongues; Friesic like A.-S.

34-36 Position of the Goths; the Angles; the Friesians

37-43 Friesian line broken; position of the German tribes

44-49 The Anglo-Saxons what implied in the name

50-56 Friesians accompanied the A.-S. to Britain

55-60

57-84 State of A.-S. Manuscripts; MSS. of Cædmon; comparison of, &c.
85-92 Books in Friesic; Asega-bôk; Littera Brocmannoram; Amesga-riucht;
Keran fon Hunesgena londe; Jeld and botha; Friesic-Laws; Charters

93-94 Friesic where spoken

61

62

95-99 SPECIMEN of the Asega-bôk; Brockmen's Laws

62-65

100-1 Hunsingo; Old Friesic of A.D. 1200 compared with Country Friesic
102-9 North and South Holland; East-Friesia, &c.

65-68

69-71

110-12 Country Friesic, stanzas by the Countess of Blessington; Gysbert Japicx;

Hindelopian dialect

71-74

113-19 Remaining dialects; Low-Saxon glossaries, and their use
120-25 Corruption of English; Friesic allied to English

126-27 Friesic useful and English necessary in determining the pronunciation of

A.-S.

128-32 Use of accents; the A.-S. letters were Runic

V. THE SAXONS, OR OLD SAXONS.

1-2 The Old-Saxons spoke Low-German; occupied the north of Germany
3-12 History of Old-Saxons; Properties of Low-German
13-31 SPECIMENS of Heliand, A.D. 840; Tatian, A.D. 890; a Chronicle, A.D. 1216;
a Poem, A.D. 1231; a Privilege, A.D. 1260; a Song, A.D. 1350; Spe-
culum Salvationis; a journey, A.D. 1356; an Epitaph, A.D. 1459; Life
of the Virgin Mary, A.D. 1474; Extracts from Scripture, &c. A.d. 1480-
1496; Reineke Vos, A.D. 1498; from Scripture, A.D. 1506-1578

32-38 Low-German dialects

1-3 The Origin of the Dutch; Eminent Men; Batavi a German race
4-9 History of the Dutch; Character of the Language
10-35 SPECIMEN of Psalms, A.D. 800; the Flemish, Charter of Brussels, A.D.
1229;
Reinaert de Vos, A.D. 1250; Jacob van Maerlant, A.D. 1260;

Dutch, Melis Stoke, A.D. 1283; Charter of Leyden, A.D. 1294; Jan van

Heelu, A.D. 1291; the Life of Jesus, A.D. 1290; Spiegel onser behou-

denisse, A.D. 1424; Evangelium, A.D. 1477; Scripture. A.D. 1524-1581;

Jacob Cats, A.D. 1600; Hooft and Huigo de Groot, A.D. 1618; Camp-

huysen, about A.D. 1600; Vondel, about A.D. 1610; Dutch established

version of the Scriptures, A.D. 1618-1619

37-38 SPECIMENS of Bellamy, A.D. 1780; Bilderdijk, A.D. 1830

39-42 Professor Siegenbeek's Orthography; Van der Palm's version of the

Scriptures compared with the established version; other Dutch

writers

43-46 DUTCH DIALECTS; the Flemish, Gelderland, Overijssel

PARAGRAPHS

VII--THE GOTHS.

PAGES

112

114-115

116

1-2 Goths of Asiatic origin; passed from Germany into Sweden and Norway

3-8 History of West-Goths; of the Ostro or East-Goths

9-10 Account of Ulphilas; of the Codex Argenteus

11-18 Editions of the Codex with a SPECIMEN, A.D. 370; Title-deed at Naples

A.D. 520; at Arezzo, A.D. 520; Knittel's St. Paul's Epistle to the Ro-

mans, A.D. 750; Angelo Mai's Fragments; Count Castiglione's 2nd of

Corinthians, part of 1st of Corinthians and Romans; Commentary

on St. John's Gospel by Professor Massmann

19 The Goths had a grammatical form for the passive voice

VIII.-THE ALEMANNI, OR SUABIANS.

1 The derivation of the name and the locality of the Alemannic

2-4 Peculiarities of the dialect-mode of speaking-where prevalent

5 The writers and compositions in Alemannic

IX. THE FRANCS.

116-119

120

120

121

121

1-3 Who they were; How and when confederated; Extent of territory

4-5 The Carlovingian dynasty; Pepin and his successors

122

122

123

6 Francic writers and compositions

X-HIGH-GERMAN, OR THE ALEMANNIC, SUABIAN, AND FRANCIC DIALECTS.

1 Four centuries between Ulphilas and the next German writer

2-8 An exhortation to Christians, with a SPECIMEN, A.D. 720; Hildibraht,

A.D. 730; St. Ambrose's Hymns, A.D. 750; A Hymn to St. Peter,

about A.D. 760; Wassobrunn Prayer, A.D. 770; Kero, A.D. 800;

Isidore, A.D. 800.

9 Charlemagne promotes learning

10-14 His Successors; SPECIMENS of their oaths; Rhabanus Maurus; Otfrid,

A.D. 850; Muspilli, 855; Ludwigslied, 883.

15-16 The Saxon Emperors, from A.D. 919-1024; Notker, 1020.

17-22 Salian Francs, from A.D. 1024-1125; Boethius, A.D. 1024; Parable of

the Sower, about A.D. 1030; Willeram, a.d. 1089; St. Anno, A.D.

1090; Te Deum, A.D. 1095

23-32 Minnesingers, from A.D. 1100-1300; Nibelungen Leid, A.D. 1150;

Walter von der Vogelweide, A.D. 1200; Grave Chunrad von Kilchberg

or Kirchberg, A.D. 1190; Henry Rispach, A.D. 1207; Wirnt von Gra-

fenberg, A.D. 1212; Gotfrit von Nifen, A.D. 1235; Other Poems;

Schwaben-Spiegel, A.D. 1250; The Edelstein

132-135

135-139

52-53 Extracts from Scripture, from A.D. 1545–1569

54-59 The Froschmauseler, A.D. 1595; the Scripture, A.D. 1752;

Reineke de Vos, A.D. 1830; Göethe

60-76 High-German Provincial dialects

XI. THE SCANDINAVIAN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE.

1 Iceland discovered in A.D. 861

2 Harald Hárfager drove the Norwegian nobles to Iceland

3-5 Iceland in its pagan state; the Skalds; Saga-men

6-8 Sæmund's Edda; Outline of Edda; Song of Grimner

9-10 Snorre's Sturleson's prose Edda; Njála

15-16 The Royal Society of North. Antiq.; Sagas; Historical Sagas

17-18 Færeyinga Sagas; Mytho-historical Sagas

19-20 An account of Loðbrókarkviðu; Danska túnga

21-30 Specimen of Starkad the Old before A.D. 645; the Völu-spá; Bödvar

Bjarke about A.D. 845; Bleking inscription, A.D. 770; specimen of

Loðbrókarkviðu, A.D. 863; inscription at Jellinge, 900; ode to king

Olaf, Icelandic of A.D. 1150; Snorre's Edda, A.D. 1200; Grágás, A.D.

1290

31-42 DANISH of A.D. 1397-1450; Scripture extracts, from 1518—1827; Na-

tional Song; ICELANDIC Scriptures, from 1539-1671

43-49 SWEDISH, Old Swedish, what; King Smék, A.D. 1354; Scripture ex-

tracts, from 1541-1828; Tegner's Exile; Reconciliation

50-52 DALECARLIAN dialect-where spoken-mixed; three branches; Lord's

Prayer in Elfdalen, Mora, Orsa

57 NORWEGIAN, what

58 Ferroe dialect

XIL THE AFFINITY OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGES.

PAGES

147-148

148

148

148

149

150-154

155-157

1 All the Germanic languages spring from one source
2-4 Example of Fish; Identity proved by the similarity of irregular verbs,
and personal pronouns

5 Similarity of languages, long separated, proves an original alliance

XIII. THE IMPORTANCE OF ETYMOLOGY.

1-2 Words the creation of mind; Nouns first formed, then verbs

3-6 Verbs formed from nouns in Hebrew, Greek, Welsh, in the German

languages

7-8 Formation of adjectives, and of adverbs

9-10 Subsequently nouns derived from verbs; the rudiments of etymology

11-13 German system of vowels; importance of; summary of vowels

14-15 System of consonants; double consonants

166

. 167-169

169

16-17 Of finding the root; what it is

170

18-19 Formation of words by umlaut and guna; roots first perceptions

170

171

20-22 How names arise; Etymology shows the radical meaning

23 The German doctrine of consonants, and umlaut and guna, the soul of

etymology

41-69 Origin of European writing, and the classification of MSS.

XV. THE CONCLUSION.

1-13 Use of Languages in historical investigation, &c. .