NOTES. ON THE FOURTH BOOK OF THE IMPEACHMENT OF VERRES. References in square brackets [ ] are to the "Practical Introduction to Latin Prose Composition." Unless ii. is prefixed, the reference is to Part I. (ed. 7.) I. Studium. This word is defined lib. 1. de Invent. as 1 'animi assidua et vehemens ad aliquam rem applicata magnâ cum voluptate occupatio.' It may here be translated a favorite pursuit, a passion, or even a 'hobby.' Penditote. The imperative forms in to, tote are stronger than the forms in e, ite, implying that the thing ordered is a duty either always, or under the circumstances. It is obvious from this, that they are (1) the natural forms for laws. They are also (2) used in emphatic requests and exhortations ; and (3) in emphatic permissions, granted by one who has the right to forbid the action or power to prevent it. || Fortasse. What is the usual word for perhaps? When only is forte perhaps, perchance? [ii. 737.] || Ullum vas. Why ullus? [389.] || Quicquam-factum. "Why quisquam? [389.] || CorinthiumDeliacum. Es Corinthium maxime laudatur: hoc casus miscuit, Corintho, quum caperetur, incensâ, Plin. 34, 3. Antiquissima æris gloria Delia co fuit, mercatus in Delo concelebrante toto orbe, &c. Ib. 4. || Textile="paoμa, is here used substantively, as in Liv. 45, 35, regia textilia. || Quin. Derivation? [45, e.] use?-In what cases must qui non be used? [44, d, and p. 178, note d.] Verbi causâ (like verbi gratiá), is often for instance.' 2 Thus si quis, verbi causâ, oriente Caniculo natus est,' &c. Cic. Fat. 6, 12. It is here'as a mere phrase' (façon de parler). Complecti omnia 'to make a general statement. Latine, i. e. as we should say 'in plain English': in the plain, obvious, literal meaning of the words. Šo Phil. 7, 6, ut appellant ü, qui plane et Latine loquuntur. More Romano, which Orelli compares, relates to a way of doing 3 = any thing ='in the good old Roman way:' e. g. Fam. 7, 18, Ego te Balbo more Romano commendabo. || Loca communia, public places,' (e. g. curiæ, basilica, fora, &c.) They are coupled with sacred edifices, as here, in Fam. 13, 11. sarta tecta ædium sacrarum locorumque communium tueri. Fanis. Derivation? Distinguish between fanum, templum, ades, sacra. [356, 357. Död. templum. Fari is perhaps a more probable derivation than Döderlein's.] || Istum. Iste is the regular pronoun by which the advocate speaks (in the 3rd person) of the person against whom he is pleading 'the person who stands there before you (the judges),' or whom you (the counsel for the opposite party) defend.' Its notion of depreciation does not by any means belong to the word; it can at most be implied from the frequency of its use to denote another person whom the speaker is attacking; and some one else defending. || Acciderit. What tense and mood? Why that mood? [467, and Appendix, 28.] What is the preposition by which you express to begin with? In amore atque in deliciis fuit. Does atque introduce a stronger, weaker, or equal term? [4, d, and ii. 177.] Observe the repetition of the preposition in.-The repetition of the preposition keeps the terms distinct; its omission before the second term combines them as being little more than one complex notion. But in practice the preposition is often found repeated, even where the notions are cognate. Zumpt (ad Div. in Cæcil. 13) says, "vetus illa [regula] repeti præpositionem ubi diversitas verborum sit, falsa est, si hoc debet consequi, non repeti, ubi nulla appareat diversitas." He quotes the following examples of repetition when the notions are closely allied; 1 in Verr. 31, 78: ad vim atque ad arma confugient. iii. 93, extr. in crimen et in judicium voco. The prep. is always repeated with et-et1; nec-nec; generally with aut—aut; vel—vel; after nisi; and after quam following a comparative [et in bello et in pace; in nullá aliá re nisi in virtute; in nullâ re melius quam in virtute]. See Z. 745. Orelli says of our passage, "in repetitá præpositione h. l. singularis vis inest, ut auditor immorari cogatur in Verris insaniâ.” Ex quo potius numero, quam ex ipsis laudatoribus tuis. Could ex be omitted here? (See last note.) II. Vel optima. Derivation of vel? Its meaning with a superlative? [ii. 535, 539, p.-Z. 108.] Being here followed by the qualifying certe (at all events,' at any rate'), it should be construed, 'probably the very best;' and this meaning seems to belong to the particle, which implies a lower statement, heightened by the addition of vel (= if you like, if 1 But sometimes cum precedes both the et's; cum et nocturno et diurno metu. you have no objection) introducing the superlative. || Ipsa Messana, quæ-ornata_sit quamvis ornata sit. Thus, ad Att. 2, 1, 5. soror, quæ [= quamvis] tantum habeat consularis loci, unum mihi solum pedem dat. Or. 1, 18. Egomet, qui sero Græcas litteras attigissem, tamen, quum Athenas venissem, complures ibi dies sum commoratus. [App. 14.] || Sane. Derivation? Does it always, as here, precede its adj.? [ii. 567.] The Praxiteli. Greek nouns in es, especially those in cles, 4 often take in Lat. the gen. i; as, Agathocli, Pericli, Themistocli-Demostheni (Brut. § 286); Thucydidi (ib. § 288); Isocrati (Orat. § 190). || Praxiteles of Paros flourished about 364 B. C. || Propter quem Thespia visuntur. Strabo says, αἱ Θεσπιαὶ πρότερον μὲν ἐγνωρίζοντο διὰ τὸν Ἔρωτα τοῦ Πραξιτέλους. - Πρότερον μὲν οὖν ὀψόμενοί τινες τὸν Ἔρωτα ἀνέβαινον ἐπὶ τὴν θέαν, ἄλλως οὐκ οὖσαν ἀξιοθέατον. statue that Verres stole from Heius, was probably a copy of this, falsely attributed to that master himself. O. Sillig (Catal. Artific. p. 386.) thinks it was a second work of the same master, which Pliny mentions as being at Parium, in Asia Minor. || Nimirum (= you see). This apologizing for his knowledge of such matters, shows that the old Roman contempt for the fine arts was not yet extinct. See below, 33; tametsi hoc nescio quid nugatorium sciebam esse, ista intelligere, &c. Brut. § 70, Quis eorum, qui hæc minora animadvertunt, non intelligit Canachi signa rigidiora esse, quam ut imitentur veritatem? Calamidis dura illa quidem, sed tamen molliora quam Canachi; nondum Myronis satis ad veritatem adducta, jam tamen quæ non dubites pulchra dicere; pulchriora etiam Polycliti, et jam plane perfecta, ut mihi quidem videri solet, || Thespiadas Musas Thespiadas. Plin. 36, 5, 4. In üs sunt Thespiades Cleomenis, &c. and ib. Sitæ fuere et Thespiades ad ædem Felicitatis.-The Greek acc. in as is rare in Cic. Schneider quotes Cantharidas (Ep. ix. 21, 3); Æthiopas (ii. de Divin. 46). || L. Mummius Achaicus took Corinth B. C. 146. || Ex illo oppido, i. e. (of course) Thespia. When he destroyed Corinth, he also overran Bœotia and destroyed Thebes. Theba quoque et Chalcis, quæ auxilio fuerant, dirétæ, Epit. Liv. 52. În the time of Pliny, this statue was at Rome in 'the schools of Octavia.' It had been brought to Rome by C. Caligula, restored to Thespiæ by Claudius, and brought again to Rome by Nero. III. Myron born at Eleuthĕræ in Attica, fl. 432 B. c. 5 His Hercules was first at Samos, whence it was removed to Rome, and placed in the Circus Maximus. Heius's, therefore, was either another by the same master, or a copy imposed upon him as an original. || Canephora. All the old MSS. but one, and the old editions, keep the oe from the Greek kavпpópoɩ.—|| Quem? — quemnam? The quisnam is more 6 7 8 emphatic than the quis, who? tell us who. Of course the verb is omitted. Cicero supposes one of his hearers to ask the question eagerly. Polyclitus (so in the best MSS.; usually Polycletus; compare Clitus, Heraclitus) was contemporary with Myron. According to Pliny, he was born at Sicyon. C. Claudius Pulcher was ædile a. u. c. 655, B. c. 95. Is scenam varietate colorum adumbravit vacuis ante picturâ tabulis extentam, Val. Max. 2, 4, 6. Elephantos Roma pugnasse Fenestella tradit primum omnium in Circo Claudii Pulchri ædilitate curuli, Plin. 8, 7, 16. On the custom fori ornandi ab ædilibus, see Liv. 9, 40, 16. || Of the nobiles homines Zumpt thinks that C. Antonius was one; he was Cicero's colleague both as prætor and consul. || Nuper. et quid dico nuper? immo vero modo, &c. [Compare ii. 161, 162.] || Forum et basilicas. There was then but one Forum at Rome, and two Basilica, the Basil. Portia and Basil. Opimia. || Commoda hospitum res, quæ ab hospitibus ad tempus concessæ sunt sive commodatæ. Z. 6 ... Neque aliud ullum tamen prætor, &c. (= aliud certe nullum) none at least, except. The tamen is here used in a correction of his previous statement:= certe. Hence its position after the aliud ullum. Quin. Derivation and use? [45, e; 44, 2.] IV. Quemquam. Is the sentence here negative? Is the question virtually negative? Explain then the use of quisquam. [i. 391, w.] In præturâ atque imperio? Why is the in not repeated? (See above, note on 3, p. 114.) 9 V. Diligentia = carefulness: careful or minute accuracy. Nihildum. What is the force of dum in this word? [ii. 339.] Obs. the sentences are adversative: 'who though they did not suspect-yet, &c.' The statement of their not suspecting, &c., makes no part of their diligentia, except as making their caution more remarkable. For the use of etiam after nihildum, Cf. Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 19: mane nondum etiam dixi id, quod volui: and Verr. iii. 84, sed fortasse in nullo etiam (yet) vindicatum. Zumpt, p. 715. Quo et omnes utimur et non præbetur a populo, i. e. quo et omnes utimur et (quod, or id) non præbetur a populo. (1) When two relative clauses are co-ordinate, the second is often changed into a demonstrative clause; thus, Viriathus, quem C. Lælius Prætor fregit et comminuit, ferocitatemque ejus (not cujusque ferocitatem) ita repressit, &c. Cic. Off. 2, 11, 40. (2) If the second relative, or its substituted demonstrative, would be in the nominative, it is omitted. Thus, Hæc desideras, quæ neque ego teneo, neque sunt (sc. ea) ejus generis, ut, &c. C. Or. 1, 36, 165: Bocchus cum peditibus, quos Volux filius ejus adduxerat, neque in priore pugnâ non affuerant, &c. (=et qui or neque ii, &c.) Sall. Jug. 101. Ne quis. When is quis used for 'any body? [391.] What is ne quis? [80.] When is ut nemo right? [81.] || Si qui. Properly qui is used adjectively; quis substantively, e. g. si qui sensus, si quis dixerit, &c. "But not only are quis and aliquis found used adjectively; i. e. with a substantive, but also the adjectival qui without one." Thus: non ab alio nisi si qui publice ad eam rem esset constitutus, C. Legg. 2, 26, 65. And si quis deus — dicat, Hor. Sat. 1, 1, 15. (Krüger.) || Immo. [ii. 156.] || Ibidem2, there (ibi, with the strengthening demonstrative suffix dem, as idem, tandem, tantundem). || Demortuus, sc. servus, implied in the preceding mancipium. Zumpt gives this as a reason why the id or quod is better omitted before præbetur, because it facilitates the transition to the masculine. But he quotes a similar instance of synesis from Verr. lib. ii. 32, Quod unquam hujusmodi monstrum aut prodigium audivimus aut vidimus, qui cum reo, &c. And Liv. 38, 34, where qui agrees with servi implied in the preceding servitia. Ereptionem non emptionem. Zumpt remarks 10 that this is an instance of the figure adnominatio 3, as Verr. 1, 1, ut ad audendum projectus, sic paratus ad audiendum. Qui me non solum meis laudibus ornaret, sed etiam oneraret alienis, N. D.1, 7, 17. Tu autem noli existimes me adjutorem huic venisse sed auditorem, Phil. 2, 11. || Rationem exquirere ad... The more usual word would be exigere, which Zumpt is inclined to prefer. Orelli thinks that C. chose exquirere here to avoid the juxta-position of agere and exigere. 'Exquirere accurate investigare causas et rationes, quibus singulis in factis impulsus fuerit." O. He compares 137, eorum tabulas exquirebam, excutiebam. 66 Quanti vellet, for any sum he pleased' = for as little as he pleased; not from the meaning of quanti, but from its being implied, that the sum would be small. VĨ. În suis nummis, &c. Pro Rosc. Com. 8, 22. Egebat? 11 immo locuples erat. Debebat? immo in suis nummis versabatur. Quid si persuasum est sc. ei. What is the meaning of ei persuasum est? Is is persuasus est Latin? Verisimile non est ut, &c. Verisimile (or veri simile) is not usually followed by ut. [ii. 817.] Zumpt says that C. uses ut after it four times. (See Z. 623.) The example pro Sulla, 20, 57, is exactly like the one before us, the est being in both followed by the imperfect subjunctive. Veri simile 2 Ibidem in Juvenc. 3, 80; Paul. Nol. Carm. 19, 48. |