L. Soc. 120.3 Exchange with the Soride, INDEX A Study in Physiogomy-Dr. Bean.... "The Black-Headed"-F. H. M. Murray.. Archaeology in Canada-Harlan F. Smith.... 27 29 34 45 54 ... Wooden Monuments of the Northwest Coast Indians Felix J. Koch...... Dept. of Oriental Review-Prof. Starr... Archaeological Notes-Dr. Chas. H. S. Davis.. Editorial THE American Antiquarian Vol. XXXV A Study of Physiogomy Dr. Robert Bennett Bean, M. D. areas SIA consists of two high plateaus which occupy nearly two-fifths of the continent, and adjoining them are two lowland southeast and northwest of the plateaus. Fringing the central plateaus is a broad terraced region covered with luxurious vegetation that affords abundant pasturage, and the slopes are covered with forests that form good hunting grounds, but not even the valleys are suitable for agriculture. Around this is an undulating plain beyond which is a rich agricultural zone with a dense agricultural population. There is evidence that the whole of this Asiatic area has been undergoing gradual dessication and as the loftiest parts became too arid for life the people were forced to move farther and farther away from the central portion. Thus began those interminable migrations that have characterized the historic periods of the world's existence. In the valleys stretching beyond the two zones indicated around the plateaus, civilizations have sprung up. In China, in India, the valleys of the Indus and the Ganges, of the Tigris and Euphrates, and along the Nile, centers of civilization have arisen. The Hyper-phylo-morphs evolved from the pre-existing Meso-phylo-morphs as nomadic hunters and herdsmen on the wooded terraces surrounding the high, dry plateaus, and their form was assumed as a result of selection through the complex of activities and of their surroundings, as hereinafter indicated. The population of the central areas soon overflowed into the surrounding regions where agricultural pursuits replaced hunting and herding. Due to altered environment selection modified the original Hyper-phylo-morph to the form of the Alpine Race, with medium stature, and round head, the other characteristics of the Hyper-phylomorph being retained to some extent. But as the dessication continued the huntsmen and herders of the central plateaus became more crowded and continued to overflow upon their surrounding relatives, the agriculturists, in the rich lands below. Sometimes they drove them out and took their fertile fields or they overran them and invaded the civilized regions beyond, that had formed by previous migrations from the plateaus; again they went beyond the fertile agricultural fields to the river valleys, and there formed civilized communities in conjunction with the original Mesophylo-morphs. Later migrations of the Hyper-phylo-morphs in historic times overthrew the civilizations of antiquity, the Indian, Egyptian, Accadian, Sumerian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Semitic, Grecian and Roman, but they have at last come into a heritage of greater civilization than all others, the European and American. Let us trace a few of the migrations of the original Hyperphylo-morph from his home around the great central plateaus of Asia. We have them spreading to the northeast and northwest as the Kurgan builders of Russia, Nordics, and the early inhabitants of China, following the Meso-phylo-morphs. The Nordics are tall, blonde, longheads. A southern migration spread the Hyper-phylo-morph across the south of Asia eastward, and another migration carried them south into Africa, where one stream flowed along down the east coast and another along the northern part, crossing into Europe over land bridges where they became the Mediterranean Race of today, leaving their fossils in the caves of southern Europe in the form of the Cro-Magnon Race. The eastward branch in southern Asia were tall dolichocephals and they mixed with the previous inhabitants of Southern Asia,Hypo-phylo-morph and Meso-phylo-morph,-and with the negroid peoples who at this time occupied parts of Southern Asia and the Pacific Islands. The Aryans came to this part, likewise the Alpine. The migrations flowed on through the Pacific, carrying with them parts of the various peoples that were crossed, wave after wave of migration passing over the islands near the coast of Asia, on to the Philippine Islands and Japan in the form of Malays, through to the Hawiian Islands as Malayo-Polynesians, eddying about the Pacific as What-not! There were currents and counter currents, waves advancing and receding, migrations crowding upon one another and migrations disintegrating and dispersing. The tall, blonde, dolichocephal remains in Northern Europe, the small, brunet, dolichocephal in Southern Europe, the medium sized, medium pigmented, brachycephal in Middle Europe. The tall, yellow, dolichocephal is found in China, Korea and Manchuria, the tall, black skinned, dolicohcephal in Southern Asia and throughout the Pacific, and the tall, black skinned, kinky haired dolichocephal in Africa. The forms that resemble each other the most and seem to be nearer the original, are those found in the heart of the two great islands of the Philippine archipelago, Luzon and Mindanao, those that went to Southern Asia, Eastern Africa and Northern Europe, whereas the Alpine and Mediterranean Races are farther removed from the original forms. As examples of Hyper-phylo-morphs that are supposed to be nearly like the aboriginal form, we may present photographs of the Kalingas of Northern Luzon, who are one of the most isolated peoples of the Philippine Islands, near the northern end of the Cordillera Central del Norte of the Island of Luzon, and belong to the earliest period of settlement in the islands. They represent the terminus of one of the early migrations of the Hyper-phylo-morphs and have remained practically uncontaminated by the peoples with whom they have come into contact. The photographs shown in Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 19 were obtained by Mr. Dean C. Worcester, the Secretary of the Interior for the Philippine Islands, on one of his expeditions among these people, and my thanks are extended to him for the privilege of their publication here. It is needless to dwell upon the evident characteristics of these natives, because they may be readily recognized from previous descriptions of the Hyper-phylo-morph. Look at the map of the Old World, Fig. 11, where I have attempted to outline the approximate present dispersion and distribution of the three forms, Hypo-phylo-morph, |