Grammar and Meaning: A Semantic Approach to English GrammarGrammar and Meaning is an introduction to the study of grammar of contemporary English. It provides an impressive survey of all the main areas of English grammar, from words through to sentences and texts. It introduces and explains the linguistic terms needed to talk about the ways in which language works, from simple terms like adjective to more complex terms like non-finite clause. To meet the needs of both students and scholars, Howard Jackson has produced an innovative approach to the study of English grammar. Instead of concentrating on the formal and theoretical discussion of grammar, as many introductions do, this original analysis examines the 'meanings' we want to express when we use language. Beginning with the question, "What do we talk about?", it goes on to investigate how these meanings are structured in the grammar of English. These notions are closer to our ordinary understanding of what language is doing, and therefore the forms and structures of grammar are more easily grasped. The book is extensively illustrated with examples from real English. With analytical exercises in each chapter and a comprehensive glossary of terms, the book will prove and invaluable aid to students of English language, linguistics and English as a Foreign Language, whilst also being accessible to anyone who studies English grammar as part of their course. |
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Strona 86
[ 36 ] PRESENT PROGRESSIVE PAST PROGRESSIVE am / is / are staying was / were staying am / is / are swimming was / were swimming am / is / are thinking was / were thinking Another set of periphrastic forms express a ' perfective ' aspect ...
[ 36 ] PRESENT PROGRESSIVE PAST PROGRESSIVE am / is / are staying was / were staying am / is / are swimming was / were swimming am / is / are thinking was / were thinking Another set of periphrastic forms express a ' perfective ' aspect ...
Strona 97
In the present progressive without a TEMPORAL [ 87 ] the transition is interpreted as being under way . To indicate that it is complete we use the present perfective form [ 88 ] , implying current relevance ' ; and to report it as a ...
In the present progressive without a TEMPORAL [ 87 ] the transition is interpreted as being under way . To indicate that it is complete we use the present perfective form [ 88 ] , implying current relevance ' ; and to report it as a ...
Strona 98
We saw earlier how the progressive had a specialised meaning with TRANSITIONAL EVENT verbs like arrive . In the case of MOMENTARY ACTS and EVENTS like hit [ 95 ] the progressive implies or focuses on repetition .
We saw earlier how the progressive had a specialised meaning with TRANSITIONAL EVENT verbs like arrive . In the case of MOMENTARY ACTS and EVENTS like hit [ 95 ] the progressive implies or focuses on repetition .
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action activity addition adjective Adjunct adverbs AFFECTED AGENTIVE associated ATTRIBUTE auxiliary beginning bring called Chapter circumstance combination communication Complement condition conjoiner conjunction Consider contains context CONTINGENCY definite determinatives direct discussed elements English event example Exercise expressed final function further future give given going grammatical identified illustrated implies included indefinite indicates infinitive clause introduced involving kind language LOCATIVE look marked means meeting modal modifiers noted noun Object occur paragraph participant particular past perfective person phrase plural pond position possessive possible Predicator present progressive pronoun proposition quantifier question reason RECIPIENT reference relating relative clause represent respect result role semantic role sentence simple singular situation type slot sometimes specified stance structure Subject subordinator talk TEMPORAL tense that-clause thing tion typically unit University usually verb viewed writing written