bullock: how numerous, powerful, bring them into slavery, Hos. x. 11. prosperous, and joyful, were his If our version rightly render HAGLA seed! how devoted to God, whose SHALISHIAH, a heifer of three years sanctuary was long fixed at Shiloh old, Zoar and Horonaim, cities of among them! Deut. xxxiii. 17. Per- Moab, are likened thereto, to note sons impatient in trouble are like their untameable obstinacy; or rawild bulls in a net; they roar and ther, their terrible outcries when cry, but by their struggling entangle the inhabitants fled from the Assythemselves more and more, Isa. li. rians and Chaldeans. But perhaps 20. Wicked men, chiefly rulers or these words may be the names of ciwarriors, are called bulls, and bulls of ties that should share in the ruin, Isa. Bashan, and calves, to denote their xv. 5. Jer. xlviii. 34. prosperity, strength, untractableness,

Among the Hebrews, when a man and mischievous violence and fierce- was found slain in the field, and the ness, Jer. xxxi. 18. Psalm xxii. 12. murderer could not be found, the maand Ixviii. 30. A rash youth is like gistrates of the city next to the spot, an ox led to the slaughter; he is took an heifer which had never been thoughtlessly and easily decoyed, and yoked; and, after striking off her head tempted to what ruins him, Prov. vii. in a rough uncultivated valley, they 22. As a stalled and fatted ox re-washed their hands in water, propresents the most sumptuous and de- testing their innocence of the crime, licate provision, (Prov. xv. 7.) Christ, and ignorance of the murderer, and, in his person, obedience, and death, together with the Levites present, sofor us, and in all his fulness of grace, lemnly implored that God would not is represented by oxen and fatlings, lay it to the charge of their nation, and a fatted calf slain for us, Matt. Deut. xxi. 1-9. xxii. 4. Prov. ix. 2. Luke xv. 23.

To purify the Hebrews when polThe Cow is the female of the ex luted by the touch of a dead body, kind, and very noted for her useful or any part of it, an unblemished red milk. Persons potent, proud, weal- heifer, that had never borne yoke. thy, some think chiefly females, are was put into the hands of the sagan, called kine of Bashan, to denote their or second high priest. In his prestupidity, luxury, and wantonness, sence she was slain without the camp Amos iv. 1, 3. The seven fat kine or city. With his finger he sprinwhich Pharaoh saw in his dream, re-kled her blood seven times towards presented seven years of great plen- the tabernacle or temple; all the rest ty, and the seven lean ones, seven of her was burnt with cedar-wood, years of famine. Gen. xli. 2-4, 18 scarlet, and hyssop: a clean person -21, 26, 27. Young cows are call-gathered and laid up her ashes in a ed HEIFERS. Young wives are call- clean repository without the camp. ed heifers, to mark their gaiety, and These ashes mixed with water, were expected fruitfulness, Judg. xiv. 18. on the third and seventh day of polNations are likened to heifers: Egypt lution sprinkled on the unclean per to a fair one, to note its glory and son. He never received the second prosperity, Isa. xlvi. 20. the Chal- sprinkling, till on the fourth after the dean to a fat one, to mark its wealth, first: and if he was not first sprinkled wantonness, and unconcern, Jer. 1. till the 7th day of his defilement, he 11. the ten tribes of Israel to a back-continued in it till he was sprinkled sliding one, to signify their stupid again on the eleventh. The priest and perverse revolting from God, who sprinkled the blood, he who Hos. iv. 16. and to a taught one, burnt the carcase, and he who sprinloving to tread out the corn, favour-kled the mixture, were rendered ed with prosperity, but abusing it to unclean, and were to wash their the dishonour of God; therefore the clothes, and continue defiled till the Lord will lay a yoke upon them, and evening, Numb. xix. It is said, that

no more than nine or ten heifers sided for a time in Egypt, got poswere burnt for this purpose during session of the kingdom of Israel, he the 1560 years of the Jewish dispen- made two golden calves; the one he sation; that, after the temple was placed at Bethel on the south, and the built, the heifer was always burnt on other at Dan, on the north frontier the mount of Olives, directly over of his kingdom. These calves the against it; and that not the sagan, ten tribes for about 260 years conbut the high priest, oversaw the tinued to worship, till their state was slaughter, and burning, and sprin- unhinged, the people were carried kling of blood. It is certain, that in captive, and probably the idols deno other case the colour of the vic-stroyed, by the Assyrians, 1 Kings tim was regarded. Did these hei-xii. 27, 28. Hos. x. 5. and xiii. 12. fers represent our unblemished and 2 Kings xvii. Whether the calf at Almighty Redeemer, the SEED of Dan had, for fear of the Syrians' the woman, voluntarily surrendering carrying it off, been transported to himself to adversity and death with- Samaria, the capital of the Israelitish out the gate, that he, by the virtue of his blood and Spirit, might, to the surprise of angels and men, purify our conscience from dead works, to serve the living God? Heb. ix. 13, 14.

kingdom, I know not, Hos. viti. 5, 6.

BULRUSH, a shrub growing in fens, and easily bowed by the wind. What our translation calls so, is perhaps no other than the paper reeds, of which the Egyptians and EthioCALF is the young one of the ox pians made baskets, and even boats, kind. To eat calves out of the stall, Exod. ii. 3. To bow the head as a is to riot in luxury, and live on the bulrush, is to make an outward apmost delicate provision, Amos vi. 4. pearance of grief for sin, hanging The dividing a calf in twain, at the down the head while there is no making of covenants, and wishing real sorrow in the heart, Isa. lviii. 5. that God might so rend the makers BULWARK, a strong fortification if they brake it, exhibits what is our erected for the defence of a city, dreadful desert for covenant-break- or to promote the taking of one, ing, and what our blessed Redeemer 2 Chron. xxvi. 15. Deut. xx. 20. endured on our account, Jer. xxxiv. The bulwarks of the church are her 18. Saints grow up as calves in the stall, when they abound in grace and in good works, Mal. iv. 3. and they render to God the calves of their lips, the pure offerings of prayer, praise, and thanksgiving, Hos. xiv. 2.

laws, worship, discipline, and government; together with the perfections, promises, and providences, of God, which secure her salvation and deliverance, Psa. xlviii. 13. Isa. xxvi. 1. May not the former text also relate to the natural bulwarks of the city of David, not one of which was hurt by the Assyrians?

BUNCH, (1.) A handful, small bundle, Exod. xii. 22. (2.) A hairy lump on the back of camels and dromedaries, Isa. xxx. 6.

As the Hebrews had seen, and perhaps most of them worshipped, the Egyptian idol Apis, which was a living bull, and sometimes adored in the form of one, or the form of a man with a bull's head, they instigated AARON to make them a golden calf in the wilderness, to which BUNDLE, a variety of things they, on the day after, observed a knit together. To have one's soul solemn festival. This calf Moses bound up in the bundle of life, with soon after reduced to powder, and the Lord, is to enjoy his protection caused the idolaters to swallow it. and preservation, 1 Sam. xxv. 29. This sin was gradually punished in The classes of wicked men cast into their after miseries, for many gene- hell, and often connected by their rations, Exod. xxxii. When Jero-sins on earth, are likened to bundles boam the son of Nebat, who had re-of tares, Matt. xiii. 30. All creatures

are called God's BUNDLE; they are viii. 10. Matt. xx. 12. The afflic many in number, and strictly connect- tions and grievances of believers are ed; but the whole weight and care called burdens, which they ought to of them are borne by him, Amos ix. bear with patience and meekness, 6. Multiplied oppressions, and su- Gal. vi. 2. Sinful corruptions and perstitious impositions in worship, practices are a heavy burden, the are called the bundle of the yoke, they guilt of which makes a fearful impresare heavy to be borne, Isa. lviii. 6. sion upon an awakened conscience, BURDEN, or LOAD, as much as Psa. xxxviii. 4. Zech. v. 7, 8. Heb. one can bear, 2 Kings v. 17. Acts xii. 1. In fine, whatever renders xxi. 3. Christ's benefits, and the the body or mind uneasy is called a blessings of the glorified state, are a burden, Zeph. iii. 18. But we are load or weight; God bestows them to cast it on the Lord, by imploring, abundantly, as men are able to bear and patiently waiting for, support them, Psa. Ixviii. 19. 2 Cor. iv. 17. under and deliverance from it, Psa. His laws are a burden, to which we lv. 22. But the word here rendered must yield ourselves, at the expense burden, signifies a gift or supply; and of labour, and of pain to our lusts: imports the great resignation and and they are a light burden, far holy confidence wherewith we should easier than that of the broken law, ask mercy and deliverance. Every which he endured for us; far easier man shall bear his own burden; shall now under the gospel than the an-give an account of his own deeds; cient ceremonies; and may, with and if not in Christ, shall suffer the great ease and delight, be obeyed, due punishment of them, Gal. vi. 5. under the influence of his Spirit, BURDENSOME, grievous, trouMatt. xi. 30. Rev. ii. 24. God's blesome, 2 Cor. xi. 9. ceremonial law, and men's supersti- To BURN, (1.) To be hot, Lev. xiii.tious ceremonies, are a burden; they 28. (2.) To consume with FIRE. deprive men of pleasure and liberty, (3.) To destroy, waste, purge, Lam. and are hard to be fulfilled, Acts xv. iii. 3. Isa. iv. 4. (4.) To have the 28. Matt. xxiii. 4. The charge of heart eager in desire, love, sympagovernment in church or state is a thy, Luke xxiv. 32. 2 Cor. xi. 29. burden; the faithful execution of it (5.) To have the mind filled with is attended with very much care and disquiet, Psa. xxxix. 3. Jer. xx. 9. toil, Exod. xviii. 22. Isa. ix. 6. (6.) To be under the prevailing The dependents of Shebna and other power of fleshly lust, 1 Cor. vii. 7. magistrates, are their burden, which There shall be burning, i. e. tawnithey have to care for, protect, and ness or burning ulcers, instead of support, Isa. xxii. 24, 25. beauty, Isa. iii. 24.

Predictions of heavy judgments are To BURST, to rend violently. burdens: : they render men uneasy to God bursts men's bands, when he rehear them; and how sinking, oppres- stores them to liberty, Jer. ii. 20. sive, and grievous, is their fulfilment and xxx. 8. Men burst God's bands, Isa. xiii. 1. and xiv. 28. and xv. 1. in furiously breaking his laws, Jer. and xvii. 1. and xix. 1. and xxi. 1, v. 5. A man is ready to burst like a 11, 13. and xxii. 1. and xxiii. 1.new botile, when his matter and deJer. xxiii. 33-38. Nah. i. 1. Zech.sire to speak grow exceedingly on ix. 1. and xii. 1. Mal. i. 1. 2 Kings him, Job xxxii. 19. The bursting of ix. 25. Hab. i. 1. Lam. ii. 14. but the Jews' vain and wicked confithe word might be translated the dence, imports the dissolution of their heavy judgment. Labour, servitude, church and state, by the Assyrians, tribute, affliction, fear, and care, are Chaldeans, and Romans, xxx. 14. a burden; how hard to be borne! how To BURY. The Hebrews were sinking to the spirits! and restric- careful to bury even their enemies, 1 tise of liberty! Psa. lxxxi. 6. Hos. Kings xi. 15. Ezek. xxxix. 14. the

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froublesome pollution of dead bodies ment, because therein they return required it. To be deprived of bu- thanks to God for having pronounced rial, or buried with the burial of an an equitable judgment concerning ass, cast into an unclean place, they the life and person of the deceased. reckoned a terrible calamity. When It begins with these words in Deuters one died, if his friends were able, be onomy, xxxii. 4. He is the rock, was embalmed, and after a proper his work is perfect;' then a little time carried out to his grave on a sack full of earth is put under the dead bier, if poor; or on a stately bed, if person's head, and, if in a coffin, it is rich; and laid in a proper manner, nailed down and closed. If it be a as in a bed, in the GRAVE. The man, ten persons take ten turns about dead bodies were arrayed in grave- him, and say a prayer for his soul; the clothes; but from the resurrection of nearest relation tears a corner of his Lazarus and Christ, and a variety of clothes: the dead body is laid down other evidence, it appears they into the grave, with his face turned were not buried in coffins, as is the towards heaven, and they cry to manner with us. Friends and neigh- him, Go in peace; or rather, Go to bours attended on the occasion, with peace, according to the Talmudists. a great deal of MOURNING and ap-The nearest relations are the first parent grief. Kings scarcely ever that throw earth upon the body. Af attended a funeral; hence David's ter them, all who are there present attendance on the funeral of Abner, do the same with their hands, or with and joining in the mourning, is ob- shovels. This done, they retire walkserved as something remarkable. He ing backwards, and before they go no doubt did so, to ward off suspi- out of the burying-ground, they pluck cion of the murder, and to conciliate bits of grass three times, and cast the affections of the people, John xv. them behind their backs, saying, and xix. and xx. Acts viii. 2. 2 Sam. They shall flourish like grass of the iii. 31-36. When the modern Jews earth,' Psa. Ixxii. 16. come to their burying-place, which To be buried with Christ in baptism, they call the house of the living, to imports our regeneration, and contishow their belief of the immortality nued mortification of sin, by virtue of the soul, and of the resurrection; of fellowship with him in his death, when they come thither bearing a represented to us in our baptism, dead body, Buxtorf tells us, that they Rom. vi. 4. Col. ii. 13.

address themselves to those who BUSH, a low, spreading, and oflie there, as if they were still alive, ten prickly, shrub. The bush burnand say, Blessed be the Lord, who ing and not consumed, which Moses hath created you, fed you, brought saw near mount Horeb, represented 'you up, and at last in his justice the Hebrew nation in the fire of 'taken you out of the world. He Egyptian cruelty, and the church in 'knows the number of you all, and the fire of persecution and distress, * will in time receive you. Blessed and yet not in the least destroyed by be the Lord, who causeth death, it, because of the good-will and fa* and restores life.' vour of him that dwelt, i. e. appeared in the bush, Exod. iii. 2, 4. Acts vii. 30, 35. Deut. xxxiii. 16.

BUSHEL, a corn-measure. The Roman bushel, or modius, contained 552 solid inches; which is nearly 8 cubical inches more than an English peck, Matt. v. 15.

When the Jews are come with the funeral to the side of the grave, the blessing directed to the dead as above mentioned, is repeated, the body is put down upon the ground, and if it be a person of distinction, a kind of funeral oration is read over him; then they walk round the grave, BUSY, diligent in work. Busy reciting a pretty long prayer, which bodies, are such as, neglecting their they call the righteousness of judg-proper work, give up themselves to. Vou. In

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intermeddle, with the attention of a tain right to, and possession of, a bishop, as the word signifies, with thing, by giving a price for it, Gen.

the affairs of others, 2 Thess. iii. 11. 1 Pet. iv. 15. BUSINESS is the work which men do: or which they ought to do, by virtue of their calling or trust, Deut. xxiv. 5. Rom. xii. 11.

xlii. 2. To buy from Christ, is, under a sense of need, and a belief of their excellency and fitness for us, to receive himself and his blessings freely, as the eternal portion of our soul, and to forsake whatever stands in opposition thereto, Isa. lv. 1. Rev. iii. 18. Matt. xiii. 44. To buy the truth, and not sell it, imports the most diligent consideration and cor

BUT, ordinarily signifies, that the things between which it is placed are contrary or diverse, John vi. 27. and iii. 17. Matt. vi. 15. and xx. 16. Our English translation hath fre-dial embracing of it, and cleaving quently and where but would have been more proper, as 1 John ii. 1.

BUTLER, one charged with the care of the wine-cellars in the house of a great man. Pharaoh's butler, was also his cup-bearer, that filled out his wine to him and his guests, Gen. xl. 1. and xli. 9. His office was called butlership.

to it, whatever expense, hazard, or trouble, it cost us, Proverbs xxiii. 23.

He

To buy the merchandise of Rome, is, at the eternal hazard of our soul, to embrace her abominations; or, by money, intercession, or the like, to procure Antichristian dignities, of fices, relics, pardons, Rev. xviii. 11. BUTTER. Calmet will have it God bought his people, by giving his to be the same with cream among Son to the death, as an infinite the eastern nations; but it is plain ransom for them, 1 Cor. vi. 19. from Proverbs xxx. 33. that it was bought the Hebrew nation, in exertbrought forth by churning; whether ing his power and goodness on their in a skin, as is the custom at present behalf, bringing them from Egypt, among the Moors and Arabs, or and loading them with mercies unotherwise, we know not. It was numbered, that they might be his long before the Greeks knew any peculiar people, Deut. xxxii. 6. thing of butter. The Dutch were BY, is expressive of the cause, the introducers of it into the East-means, or instrument, of any thing, Indies. The ancient Romans, and Rom. viii. 11. and v. 1. or it signimodern Spaniards, use it as a medi-fies at, or near to, Exod. xxx. 4. cine, not for food. It is far otherwise in the Dutch and British dominions. Butter and honey were so plentiful in Canaan as to be common provision, Isa. vii. 15, 22. To wash one's steps with butter, is to enjoy great prosperity, Job xxix. 6. Flattering speech is smoother than butter, is apparently very soft and agreeable, Psa. Iv. 21.

BUTTOCK, to have it uncovered, imported the greatest shame and dis grace, 2 Sam. x. 4. Isa. xx. 4.

BUY, to buy from men, is to ob

Dan. viii. 8. or denotes the object sworn by in an oath, Gen. xlii. 15, 16. A by-way, is one not commonly used, Judges v. 6. A by-word, a speech frequently used in derision of one. By and by, in a short time, Matt. xiii. 20. Deut. xxviii. 37.

BUZ, despised, the son of Nahor by Milcah, an ancestor of Elihu, the companion of Job. His posterity dwelt in Arabia the Desert, and were terribly distressed and enslaved by Nebuchadnezzar, Gen. xxii. 21. Job xxxii. 1. Jer. xxv. 23.