quarter of a league, in front of the prince's army. His position, in consequence of this movement, became every day more critical and dangerous, and the Rhine being swelled by the rain, and the banks overflown, it was necessary to repair the bridge of pontoons, which had been thrown over that river lower down. This work was performed in sight of the enemy, and the prince, passing without molestation, proceeded to Bruymen, where he fixed his head-quarters. This passage of the Rhine under the eye of a victorious army, and superior to him in numbers, was regarded as a very masterly effort of generalship.

In the month of September while the prince was encamped in the neighbourhood of Shermbeck, a body of the enemy attempted to force his quarters; but, by well-combined dispositions, he routed them, with the loss of 800 men; after which he joined the main army under prince Ferdinand. At this period the French were masters of the whole territory of Hesse, and enjoyed extensive winter-quarters, abundantly provided with all necessary provisions, and well secured by fortified places, while prince Ferdinand had been forced to retire, about the middle of December, into winter-quarters at Uslar and Paderborne, in a narrow and exhausted country. Sensible of the inconvenience of his own situation, and of the advantage the enemy possess ed over him, he resolved to strike the first blow.

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stopped the progress of the French armies. They attacked him three times on the Blise, and were as often repulsed with considerable loss. His military talents were also eminently displayed after the two French armies under Pichegru and Hoche had forced the lines of Weissemburg, and defeated the Austrian army, who fled in the greatest disorder over the Rhine, having their retreat protected only by corps of Condé. On this occasion the duke of Brunswick proved himself a worthy eleve of the great Frederick. By his prudent and bold manoeuvres he stopped the progress of the French armies, saved the Austrians from inevitable destruction, and after having held the French in check for a sufficient time, he retired slowly to Mentz, and put the troops into winter quarters. After this event, 1794, the duke resigned his situation in the army to field marshal Mollendorff.

In the war between France and Prussia, during Bonaparte's sway, the duke of Brunswick was again appointed commander-in-chief of his Prussian majesty's forces. In this capacity he commanded at the battle of Auerstadt; and exerting himself, according to the acknowledgment of his enemies, with the most heroic courage to turn the fortune of the day, he was wounded by a cannonball in the forehead, which deprived him of his eyesight, and obliged him to be carried off the field of battle. He was at first taken to Brunswick, but,

on the approach of the French, he removed from that city, and took refuge in Altona, in the Danish territory, having assumed the title of count of Werdtheim. Soon after, October 25, 1806, the House of Brunswick was declared to have lost the sovereignty of its ancestors. The anxiety and distress of the duke's mind at the irretrievable calamities that had befallen his country, probably added to the serious injury in the nature of his wound, and hastened the death of this distinguished and lamented veteran, who died, November 10, a few days previous to the entrance of the French into Hamburgh. He escaped the pain of knowing the calamities which resulted from the battle, having, from the moment of his wound, been totally insensible to every thing about him. His son, the duke of Brunswick-Oels, who capitulated with general Blucher, and so heroically defended the gate of Luthick, arrived at his father's house the day after his death. His horses were sold by public auction, on the 13th, his jewels and other effects on the 15th. His body was opened and embalmed on the 12th. On opening the skull it was found that the wound would certainly and inevitably have proved mortal from the first. His heart was preserved in a silver box. His remains, dressed in the regimentals of the Brunswick dragoons, booted and spurred, with a large Prussian cocked hat, and on the left breast the star and insignia of the British

Adolphús. The third brother, prince Albert Henry, was slain at the age of 18, on the 20th of July, 1761, in a skirmish with a body of French troops. Duke Charles's third daughter, Elizabeth Christina Ulrica, was married to Frederick 4th, king of Prussia, by whom he had her R. H. the present duchess of York.

The benign qualities of the excellent Prince Leopold, duke Charles's youngest son, were prevented from beaming forth to bless mankind, by a catastrophe of the most distressing nature, thus related in the Leyden Gazette, about the beginning of May 1785:

"We have within these few days experienced the greatest calamities, by the overflowing of the Oder, which burst its banks in several places, and carried away houses, bridges, and every thing that opposed its course. Numbers of people lost their lives in this rapid inundation; but of all the accidentas rising from it, none was so generally lamented as the death of the good prince Leopold of Brunswick. This amiable personage standing at the side of the river, a woman threw herself at his feet, beseeching him to give orders for some persons to go to the rescue of her children, whom, bewildered by the sudden danger, she had left behind her in the house; some soldiers who were also in the same place were crying for help. The prince endeavoured to procure a flat bottomed boat, but no one

could be found to venture across the river, even though the prince offered large sums of money,

and promised to share the danger. At last, moved by the cries of the unfortunate inhabitants of the suburb, and led by the sentiment of his own benevolent heart, he took the resolution of going to their assistance himself. Those who were about him endeavoured to dissuade him from this hazardous enterprise, but touched to the soul by the distress of the miserable people, he replied in the following words; "What am I more than either you or they? I am a man like yourselves, and nothing ought to be attended to here but the voice of humanity." Unshaken therefore in his resolution, he immediately embarked with three watermen in a small boat, and crossed the river; the boat did not want the three lengths of the bank, when it struck against a tree, and in an instant they all together, with the boat, disappeared. A few minutes after the prince rose again, and supported himself a short time by taking hold of a tree, but the violence of the current soon bore him down, and he never appeared more. The boatmen, more fortunate, were every one saved, and the prince alone became the victim of his own humanity. whole city was in affliction for the loss of this truly amiable prince, whose humility, gentleness of manners, and compassionate disposition endear

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