like the one in this line. Orelli refers to other illustrations, viz. Catullus, 107, 6, O lucem candidiore nota! Persius, 2, 1, Hunc, Macrine, diem numera meliore lapillo; Plin. Epp. 6, 11, O diem laetum notandum mihi candidissimo calculo! - -12. Morem in Salium. Salium by contraction for Saliorum. The proper adjective is Saliaris, which occurs in the next ode. The Salii, from salio, were priests of Mars, twelve in number, who once a year went through the city in procession, carrying the ancilia, and leaping, and dancing, and singing the praises of Mars. See Livy, B. 1, c. 20. - 13. Multi meri. The genitive of quality; equivalent in translation, to bibacissima. - 14. Threicia amystide. Amystis, ἄμυστις, from ἀμυστί (α and μύω), without closing the lips, means the Thracian habit of draining a cup at a single draught; and hence excessive drinking. Thus Anacreon's expression, àμvorí πivew. Comp. n. O. i., 27, 2, in regard to the intemperate habits of the Thracians. 15. Rosae; i. e. for garlands, which were worn by the Romans on festive occasions, generally on the head, and sometimes around the neck; they were made of garden flowers, chiefly the rose, the violet, and the lily, twined with green leaves of ivy, or the myrtle, or of the apium.—See Becker's Gallus, Exc. 2, to Sc. 10; and compare below, O. 38, 2; 0. ii., 3, 13.

ODE XXXVII.

This ode was written, A. U. C. 724, in the midst of the general exultation awakened at Rome by the intelligence of the capture of Alexandria, and the death of Cleopatra. The tone of triumph over the fallen queen is tempered by a tribute of admiration to her lofty pride and resolute courage: which finally induced her to put an end to her life, rather than submit the humiliation of being led in triumph by her conqueror.

1. Nunc est bibendum. Probably an imitation of Alcaeus: Nuv Xph μεθύσθην. -2. Saliaribus dapibus. See n. preceding ode, 1. 12. It is here to be said, in addition, that the Salii partook of a banquet, at the conclusion of their festival, which was proverbial for its magnificence.

3. Pulvinar. On extraordinary occasions, when a public thanksgiving had been decreed, a banquet was held, called lectisternium, when the images of the gods were placed on couches (pulvinar), and tables and viands were put before them.. -4. Tempus erat. The imperfect implies that it was a thing, which not only ought now to be done, but ought to have been done long since. Osborne well translates: Long since was it time. 5. Antehac. Here a dissyllable.. -9. Tarpium morbo virorum; "id est, qui turpi morbo illicitae libidinis laborabant, morbosorum spadonum." Orellius. - -13. Vix una. Nearly the whole of Antony's fleet, consisting of three hundred ships, was destroyed; but

Cleopatra escaped, at the beginning of the engagement, with a fleet of sixty ships. 14. Lymphatam. Maddened. Orelli and Lübker quote passages, two from Ovid, viz. Heroid. 4, 47, and Halieuticon, 49; and one from Lucan. 7, 186, which show that the Latin writers seem to have intimately connected the condition of persons called lymphatici with fear and terror. In this place, Horace seems to ascribe the terror and madness of Cleopatra to the influence of wine. ———— 14. Mareotico. A sweet, light wine, produced on the borders of the Mareotis, in Egypt. -16. Ab Italia volantem. Ab Italia, because it had been the hope of the infatuated Cleopatra, with the aid of Antony, to conquer and rule Italy. -20. Haemoniae. A poetical name for Thessaly, perhaps from Haemon, its ancient king.- 21. Quae. See Z. 368. — 23. Latentes, hidden, i. e. some distant, unknown shores. Reparare means strictly to gain something in exchange for what one loses; here, some new, distant kingdom, for her own, for Egypt. – 30. Liburnis. The Liburnae, also called Liburnicae (sc. naves), were vessels of war, made after a model invented by the Liburnian pirates. They were built sharp fore and aft, worked with oars as well as with sails, and had the mast amidship. They formed a part of the regular Roman navy, after the battle of Actium, where they were first used to great advantage. They were originally biremes, but afterwards of larger bulk.-See Dict. Antiqq. and Rich's Companion under Liburna.

ODE XXXVIII.

An ode, addressed in imitation of the Greek lyric poets, to the cupbearer at a feast.

1. Persicos. Here, as usual, this word is general; and the poet refers to the proverbial luxury of eastern nations. The word apparatus occurs very rarely in poetry.-2. Nexae philyra Coronae. Chaplets were sometimes made of single rose-leaves, by fastening them to the philyra, a cord made of the bark of the linden-tree. Chaplets of this kind have been frequently found on monuments. See Becker's Gallus, Exc. 2, to Sc. 10.5. Allabores. On this word see O. i., 5, 8. It is here equivalent to laborando addas, add with labor, take pains to add. Comp. in O. ii., 7, 24, a similar use of the verb deproperare.- -6. Sedulus. To be joined with allabores, the two being dependent upon cure, with the usual omission of ut. See A. & S. § 262, Rem. 4.

BOOK II.

ODE I.

ADDRESSED to Caius Asinius Pollio, a person of great abilities and virtues; a man distinguished alike in the camp, and in the senate and the forum. He was consul, A. U. C. 714, and, in the following year, gained a triumph for his victory over the Parthini, a Dalmatic or Illyrian people. It was to him that Virgil addressed his Fourth Eclogue; and in Ecl. 8, 10, Virgil also bears witness to the excellence of his Tragedies:

Sola Sophocleo tua carmina digna cothurno.

He was now engaged in writing a history of the civil wars. Horace exhorts him to the execution of his task, though a delicate and perilous one; he predicts, in glowing language, his success; and closes the ode in indignant exclamations at the enormous mischief which these civil wars had occasioned.

The ode was probably written in or about the year B. G. 28.

- Civicum.

1. Ex Metello consule; A. U. c. 693, B. c. 60, when the first triumvirate was formed between Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus. L. Afranius was the colleague of Metellus. Poetic for civilem. The second was formed 7. Incedis per ignes,

4. Principum amicitias. The two triumvirates. B. C. 43, by Octavianus, Antony, and Lepidus. etc. The poet describes by this figure, the danger which Pollio incurred in writing the history of scenes which so recently transpired, some of the actors in which were still living.-9. Musa-theatris. Pollio was a tragic poet. See introduction. Horace urges him to forego the exercise of his favorite art, till the proposed history be finished. 10. Publicas res ordinaris. Ordinare, like ovvrátтew, in the sense of componere. When you have set in order the history of public affairs. 11. Grande-Cecropio-cothurno. Cecropio Attico, as Cecrops was, according to legend, the earliest monarch of Athens. The cothurnus was a shoe worn by tragic actors, having a thick sole, which helped to increase the stature of the actors, and give them a more imposing appearance. Like our word buskin, cothurnus is here used metaphorically for Tragedy. You shall resume, in the Cecropian buskin, your grand task. The epithet Attic, because it was at Athens that the Greek Tragedy reached its acme. -13. Insigne, etc. Here the poet recounts the praises of Pollio, as a forensic speaker, a statesman, and a general. See introduction. -17. Fancying the work already completed, Horace in this and the next three stanzas describes its lively and dramatic style, by which the events are brought directly to the eye and ear of the reader. Compare

note on O. i., 15, 9.

-18. Perstringis. You stun. See Z. 435. -24. Catonis. See n. O. i., 12, 35.

-23. Terrarum. 25. Juno et, etc.

Juno always

The name of Cato at once recalls Thapsus and Africa. befriended Africa and Carthage, and was opposed to the Romans. The poet, in the first two lines of this stanza, refers to the Punic wars, and the war with Jugurtha; in the last two, the civil wars, and especially to the battle of Thapsus. The Africans, then defeated and subdued, are now avenged by the mad strifes of Roman against Roman, and the victims of the civil wars are offerings to the manes of Jugurtha. 27. Tellure. Abl. depending upon cesserat. See A. & S. § 255, Rem. 3. -32. Hesperiae; i. e. Italy, called Hesperia, in reference to Greece. Observe the contrast between this word and Medis, the Parthians, who lived in the distant East.· —34. Dauniae. See note O. i., 22, 14. Here equivalent to Latinae. 38. Ceae, etc. Again essay the task of the Caean dirge. The allusion is to Simonides, the elegiac poet of Ceos, who flourished about 605 B. C. -39. Dionaeo antro. Some Dionaean grot. Dione was the mother of Venus.

ODE II.

This ode is addressed to Caius Sallustius Crispus, the grandson of the historian, by whom he was adopted and left an heir to a large fortune. He was distinguished for his wisdom and liberality.

The poet teaches in the ode, that wealth is truly valuable only as it is wisely used, and that, only in the judgment of the ignorant and vulgar, is it in itself the chief good of life; that he alone is truly rich, who is superior to avarice, and he alone the true ruler, whe rules his own spirit.

2. Abdito terris; i. e. in the mines; the allusion is not to money hid away in the ground. Lamnae; by syncope for laminae.—3. Nisi — usu. Dependent upon inimice. The sentiment is, you hold money in no estimation, if it is not wisely used. — 5. Proculeius. A Roman knight, brother of Terentia, the wife of Maecenas, distinguished for his affection for his brothers, with whom, after they had lost their patrimony, he generously shared his own. - Aevo. Poetic for ad aerum.

6. Animi. A poetic construction, in imitation of the Greek. The prose construction would be propter animum. - -7. Metuente solvi. A bold idiomatic expression, which it is scarcely possible to translate. It is equivalent to metuente ne solvatur, fearing lest it grow feeble, which means, that it never grows feeble; the never-drooping wing. "Compare O. iii., 11, 10, metuitque tangi-tangi se non patitur; O. iii., 19, 16, metuens tangere; O. iv., 5, 20, culpari metuit fides, nemo est, qui eam vio

=

lare velit; Epist. i., 16, 60, metuens audiri. Virgil, Georg. 1, 246, Arctos metuentes aequore tingi; from Aratus, 46, ăрêтоι кvavéov tepuλayμévai Keavolo."-Orelli. -9. Domando spiritum. Compare Proverbs, xvi., 32 (quoted by Girdlestone), "He that is slow to anger is better than the mighty, and he that ruleth his spirit, than he that taketh a city.". 11. Uterque Poenus; i. e. the Carthaginians, the inhabitants of Carthage in Africa, and the Spanish Carthaginians, who lived in Carthago Nova (the modern Carthagena), and farther south along the coast of Spain. 13. Indulgens sibi, for indulgendo; by self-indulgence.· 17. Cyri solio. See n. O. i., 2, 22; and in respect to Phraates, see introduction to O. i., 26.

ODE III.

The poet illustrates the inevitable necessity of death, as the common lot of all, and teaches the wisdom of equanimity under all circumstances, without being elated by pros. perity, or cast down by adversity.

2. Non secus, as well as.— 8. Interiore nota Falerni. Nota means the mark, brand, on the amphora, giving the age of the wine. Interior, inner, referring strictly to the place of the amphorae, is here transferred to nota; and the two words together signify the older wine, as that would of course be in the inner part of the cellar, farthest from the door. The whole may be translated, with old Falernian. 9. I give the reading quo, as an interrogative, and also 1. 11 quid obliquo, from Orelli, in accordance with the authority of the best MSS. Orelli and Dillenburger both follow Regel in explaining quo and quid as meaning in quem usum, to what end? The force of the question is, to what end are these, if we do not use them? -14. Flores. See note O. i., 36, 15. - - 15. Sororum. The three Parcae, Fates: Clotho, who held the distaff, Lachesis, who spun the thread of life, and Atropos, who cut it off. Saltibus. Abl.; see note above, O ii., 1, 27. — A poetic expression for vivere; abide under the

17.

-23. Sub divo moreris.

light of heaven, sojourn

on earth. Comp. Cic. de Senec. 23, commorandi natura deversorium no-26. Urna. A later fiction than that

bis, non habitandi locum dedit.·

of the Parcae just referred to. the urn of Necessity, and the falling out of each one's lot determines the limit of his life. - -28. Cymbae. Of Charon, the ferryman of the Styx. Cymbae is a poetic dative for in cymbam.

The lots of all perpetually revolve in