Rambouillet; the library of the Legislative Body; of the Council of State (30,000 vols.); of the Institute; of the Invalids (20,000 vols.); of the court of Cassation, formerly the library of the Advocates and Polytechnic shool.

Under the minister of the royal household are 10 libraries; of the interior, 22; of war, 12; of justice, 5; of foreign affairs, 1; of the marine, 6; of finance, 2.

The Chambers of the Peers and the Deputies have each a library; that of the latter contains 30,000 vols.

Among the printing-offices, the Imprimerie Royale claims the first place, on account of its extent and admirable arrangement. It prints the Memoirs of the Institute, and all other works which the king causes to be published, as a recompense or encouragement gratis.

There are at Paris 79 printing offices, 18 lithographic presses, 38 letter-founders, 616 booksellers, 84 dealers in second-hand books, 201 bookbinders, 16 book-stitchers, 2 book repairers, 390 copperplate engravers, 11 wood-cutters, 17 map engravers, 17 form-cutters, 17 die engravers, 9 music engravers, 127 copperplate presses, 140 printsellers, 11 mapsellers, 50 musicsellers, 43 wholesale stationers, 9 pasteboard manufacturers, 6 stained paper manufacturers, 4 parchment manufacturers, 6 manufacturers of printers' ink, 4 pressmakers, 2 joiners for presses, 3 dealers in printing materials.

Daily and other periodical publications.-Political journals (14) -Moniteur, Gazette de France, Journal de Paris, Constitutionnel, Journal des Debats, Courier Francais, Quotidienne, Journal de Commerce, Drapeau Blanc, L'Etoile du Soir, Regulateur. VOL. LXIV.

Advertisers, 4.

Half periodical works, 10.L'Ami de la Religion, Le Defenseur, Lettres Champenoises, Lettres Normandes, L'Intrepide, L'Observateur, L'Organisateur, Le Parachute Monarchique, Le Pilote Europeen, O Contemporaneo.

Religious journals (3).-Chronique Relig.; Archives de Christianisme au 19 Siecle; Annales Protestantes.

Scientific journals (9).-Annaes das Sciencias, das Artes, e das Letras; Annales de Chimie et de Physique; Annales des Mines; Annales Encyclopediques; Annales Francaises des Sciences et des Arts; Bibliotheque Physico-Economique; Bulletin des Sciences; Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'Histoire Naturelle, et des Arts; Journal des Savans.

Literary journals (15).-Bibliographie de la France; Annales de la Litterature et des Arts; Archives de la Litterature et des Arts; Conservateur Litteraire; Courier des Spectacles, de la Litterature et des Modes; Galignani's Repertory of English Literature; Hermes Classique; Journal General de la Litterature de la France; Ditto de la Litterature Etrangere; Journal des Theatres, de la Litterature, et des Arts; le Lycee Francois; le Mercure Royal; la Minerve Litteraire; Revue Encyclopedique; Tablettes Universelles.

Journals relating to law and jurisprudence, 22.

Medical journals, 14.

Journals for arts and professions (12)-among which are, Annales du Musee et de l'Ecole des Beaux Arts; Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle.

Military Journals (2).-Journal Militaire Officiel; Archives Francaises.

2 Z

Journals for Education (2).Journal d'Education; un Quart d'Heure de Lecture; Journal de Ville et de Campagne.

Geographical Journals (2).Annales (Nouvelles) des Voyages, de la Geographie, et de l'Histoire; Journal des Voyages, Decouvertes, et Navigations Modernes.

Journals of Fashions (2). Journal des Dames et des Modes; l'Observateur des Modes.

In the departments there are public libraries, 25, with above 1,700,000 vols.; of which Troyes has 50,000; Aix, 72,670; Marseilles, 31,500; Dijon, 36,000; Besançon, 53,000; Toulouse, 30,000 and 20,000; Bordeaux, 105,000; Tours, 30,000; Grenoble, 42,000; Arras, 34,000; Strasburg, 51,000; Colmar, 30,000; Lyons, 106,000; Le Mans, 41,000; Versailles, 40,000; Amiens, 40,000; 613 printing offices; 26 lithographic printing offices; 5 letter-foundries;

1,025 booksellers; 192

paper manufactories.

School of Industry at Homel in Russia. The establishment of this institution, for the ignorant and destitute children of the peasantry at Homel, in the government of Mogiloff, was one of those experiments which are considered as merely visionary schemes, until experience has placed their practicability beyond a doubt.

On the first introduction of the British system of education into Russia, Mr. Heard, an intelligent schoolmaster, was sent out from England; but arriving at Homel,* the estate of count Romanzoff, where the first school was to be established, an unforeseen obstacle

There are 17,000 male peasants on this estate, one town, and between 80 and 90 villages.

presented itself: not more than 30or 40 boys could be collected in one village, and the villages were so distant from each other, as entirely to preclude the possibility of the children of one village attending the school of another. Count Romanzoff being informed, that the advantages of the new system would not be conspicuous in a school of 40 boys, and that 200 would be necessary to display it to advantage, was quite at a loss how they were to be collected; and this circumstance seemed for a while to be-cloud Mr. Heard's prospects of success. Having, in his journics through the different vil lages of the count's estate, observed a number of children miserably ragged and dirty, begging from door to door, and being informed that they were orphans who had no means of support but by soliciting charity, he conceived the benevolent plan of rescuing these poor little creatures from misery, ignorance, and vice, by the establishment of a school of industry, in which they might, by their own labour, contribute something towards their support. This plan was objected to by many, as being impracticable: the chief objection urged was, that the children, being accustomed to a life of vagrant idleness, could never be brought to contribute, in any material degree, towards their own support. But, fortunately, the two principal persons of the place were of a different opinion; and upon a proper statement being made to count Romanzoff and general Derabin,* it was resolved

* General Derabin, a gentleman of eminent talents and liberal sentiments, had the entire management of the estate, the count being too infirm

to erect a large building for the accommodation of the boys; and to enclose a considerable piece of land for a kitchen garden, in which they were to labour during the summer season. The erection of the building necessarily occupied a considerable time, but the count granted Mr. Heard the use of the right wing of his own house, and he soon collected 50 boys from the villages; the barbarous rudeness of their manners corresponded with their miserable appearance; the generality of them had long filthy hair, swarming with vermin; dirty faces, and tattered garments which scarcely covered their nakedness; no shoes, no stockings; their looks were expressive of hunger and misery. Such were they, and such would they have continued to be accustomed to a wandering, idle, vicious life, and quite unfit to fill any useful station, they would have turned out pests to society, had they not thus been rescued from the abyss of misery by the benevolence of their noble master, who raised these miserable orphans to habits of industry, virtue, and happiness. About a fortnight afterwards they were all neatly clothed, and on the 9th of December, 1818, the school was publicly opened, and consecrated according to the rites of the Greek church. The ragged little beggars were now metamorphosed into clean orderly scholars, who seemed to pride themselves not a little in their improved appearance. They had all by this time learned the alphabet, and some to write upon slates, and they performed the evolutions of the system to the

admiration of the spectators, who began to be convinced that peasants, though slaves, are human beings. Mr. Heard's chief object in taking these 50 boys under instruction before the school-room was built, was to prepare them to act as monitors, and the rapidity with which they learned was truly astonishing. Their excessive natural stupidity had been urged as a reason for not attempting to instruct them; but it now appeared that human nature is the same in every country and in all classes, and that the difference which we observe between the highly polished inhabitants of France, England, and other countries of Europe, and the barbarian, arises principally from education, habit, and example. Order was soon introduced into the new institution, and the children arranged into different classes of labour, according to their age and strength: the eldest of the boys were appointed to be carpenters, shoemakers, or smiths, according to their own choice, while some of the younger and more feeble were employed in splitting the bark of the linden tree, others in platting it into shoes; some platting straw for hats, others preparing willows for making baskets, and some had learned to make fishing-nets. The hour of assembling in school during the summer was seven in the morning, and they came out again at ten; three hours in the day being amply sufficient to teach them reading, writing, and the four first rules of arithmetic, in two years: from ten to eleven, they were allowed to play; at eleven, the dinner-bell rung, and they proceeded two and two to the diningroom, where grace was distinctly pronounced by the monitor of the

day, whose duty it was to read to his companions, while eating their dinners, a portion of the Holy Scriptures. At twelve o'clock, they arranged themselves in classes, according to their employment, and proceeded to their different masters to work, from which they generally returned about eight in the evening; at nine they supped, and immediately after supper, their names were called over by the monitor-general, and those absent marked down for inquiry the following day. This being done, and the Evening Hymn sung by them, they retired to rest. Eight months after the opening of the school, more than 60 children went in procession to their benefactor, count Romanzoff, dressed in clothes and shoes of their own making. His excellency on this occasion ordered them a better dinner than usual, and promised to partake of it with them; which promise he fulfilled, to the inexpressible pleasure of the poor children. From this time the institution continued to prosper, and even those who had opposed, joined in praising it: the children made rapid progress, both in learning and their trades,

and became cheerful, obliging, and industrious.

A strict observance of the Sabbath was not forgotten in the insti tution, and that part of the day not spent in church was appro priated to reading extracts from the Holy Scriptures.

By means of the school at Homel, the British system of edu cation spread to Poland, where hitherto the strongest prejudices had existed against instructing the peasantry. Mr. Radovitch, a young man of an amiable disposi tion, was sent by the University of Vilno to study the system, which he did with the greatest assiduity; and soon after his return, three schools were established for the poor upon this plan; and according to the last accounts from thence, they were actively employed in the establishment of more.

In April, 1821, the school at Homel being completely established, and a plan laid down for extending the means of instruction to all the villages of the count's estate, Mr. Heard left home to return to England.