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ENCYCLOPÆDIA PERTHENSIS.

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(1.) * PARALLEL. adj. [aga; parallele, Fr.] 1. Extended in the fame direction, and preferving always the fame diftance.-Diftort ing the order and theory of caufes, he draws them afide unto things whereto they run parallel, and their proper motions would never meet together. Brown. 2. Having the fame tendency. When honour runs parallel with the laws of God and our country, it cannot be too much cherished, Addifon. 3. Continuing the resemblance through many particulars; equal; like.The foundation principle of peripateticifm is exactly parallel to an acknowledged nothing. Glanville. I thall obferve fomething parallel to the wooing and wedding fuit in the behaviour of perfons of figure. Addifon. In the parallel place before quoted. Lefley-Compare the words and phrases in one place of an author with the fame in other places of the fame author, which are generally called parallel places. Watts.

(2.) PARALLEL. n. [from the adjective.] 1. Line continuing its courfe, and ftill remaining at the fame diftance from another line.

Who made the fpider parallels defign, Sure as De Moivre, without rule or line? Pope. 2. Line on the globe marking the latitude. Direction conformable to that of another line.

3.

-Lines, that from their parallel decline, More they proceed, the more they ftill disjoin. Garth. 4. Refemblance; conformity continued through many particulars; likeness.

She lights her torch at their's to tell, And fhew the world this parallel. Denham. 'Twixt earthly females and the moon, All parallels exactly run. Savift. 5. Comparifon made. The parallel holds in the gainlessnefs, as well as laboriousness of the work. Decay of Piety.-Comparing and drawing a parallel between his own private characters, and that of other perfons. Addison. 6. Any thing resembling VOL. XVII. PART I.

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another. Thou ungrateful brute, if thou would& find thy parallel, go to hell. South.

None but thyfelf can be thy parallel. Pope. (3.) PARALLEL, in geometry. See GEOME TRY.

(4.) PARALLEL SAILING. See NAVIGATION, Part II. Sect. II.; § 84-101.

(5) PARALLEL SPHERE, that fituation of the fphere wherein the equator coincides with the horizon, and the poles with the zenith and nadir.

(6.) PARALLELS OF ALTITUDE, or ALMUCANTARS, are circles parallel to the horizon, imagined to pafs through every degree and minute of the meridian between the horizon and zenith, having their poles in the zenith.

(7.) PARALLELS OF DECLINATION, in aftronomy, are the fame with parallels of latitude in geography..

(8.) PARALLELS OF LATITUDE, in astronomy, are leffer circles of the sphere parallel to the ecliptic, imagined to pass through every degree and minute of the colures.

To PARALLEL. v. a. [from the noun.] 1. To place, fo as always to keep the fame direction with another line. The azores, having a middle fituation between thefe continents and that vaft tract of America, the needle feemeth equally dif tracted by both, and diverting unto neither, doth parallel and place itself upon the true meridian. Brown. 2. To keep in the fame direction; to level. The loyal fufferers abroad became fubjected to the worst effect of banishment, and even there expelled; so paralleling in their exigencies the most immediate objects of that monster's fury. Fell.

His life is parallel'd

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Ev'n with the ftroke and line of his great juftice. Shak. 3. To correfpond to.-That he stretched out the north over the empty places, feems to parallel the.

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the expression of David, he stretched out the earth upon the waters. Burnet. 4. To be equal to; to refemble through many particulars. In the fire, the deftruction was fo fwift, fudden, vaft and miferable as nothing can parallel in ftory. Dryden. 5. To compare.-I parallel'd more than once our idea of fubftance, with the Indian philofopher's he-knew-not-what, which fupported the tortoife. Locke.

PARALLELISM. n. f. [parallelifme, Fr. from parallel.] State of being parallel.-The parallelifin and due proportionated inclination of the axis of the earth. More.-Speaking of the parallelifm of the axis of the earth, I demand, whether it be better to have the axis of the earth fteady, and perpetually parallel to itself, or to have it carelessly tumble this way and that way. Ray on the Creation.

*PARALLELOGRAM. n. S. [wagarinλ and Feaμua; parallelograme, Fr.] In geometry, a right lined quadrilateral figure, whofe oppofite fides are parallel, and equal. Harris.-The experiment we made in a loadftone of a parallelogram, or long figure, wherein only inverting the extremes, as it came out of the fire, we altered the poles. Brown. We may have a clear idea of the area of a parallelogram, without knowing what relation it bears to the area of a triangle. Watt's Logick.

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PARALLELOGRAMICAL. adj. [from parallelogram.] Having the properties of a parallel

ogram.

*PARALLELOPIPED. n. f. [from parallelopipede, Fr. A folid figure contained under fix parallelograms, the oppofites of which are equal and parallel; or it is a prifm, whofe bafe is a parallelogram: it is always triple to a pyramid of the fame bafe and height. Harris.-Two prifms alike in shape I tied fo, that, their axes and oppofite fides being parallel, they compofed a parall elopiped. Neauton's Opticks-Crystals that hold lead are yellowish, and of a cubic or parallelopiped figure. Woodward.

PARALLELOPIPEDIA, in the old mineralo gy, a genus of spars, externally of a determinate and regular figure, always found loose, detached, and feparate from all other bodies, and in form of an oblique parallelopiped, with fix parallelogram fides and 8 folid angles; eafily fiflile either in an horizontal or perpendicular direction; be ing compofed of numbers of thin plates, and those very elegantly and regularly arranged bodies, each of the fame form with the whole mass, except that they are thinner in proportion to their horizontal planes, and naturally fall into these and no other figures, on being broken with a flight

blow.

(1.) PARALOGISM. n. S. [zag¤days; pa-ralogifme, Fr. A falfe argument.-That because they have not a bladder of gall, like those we obferve in others, they have no gall at all, is a paraif not admittible., Bacon-Modern writers, making the drachma lefs than the denarius, others equal, have been deceived by a double paralogifm. Arbuthnot. If a fyllogifm agree with the rules given for the conftruction of it, it is called a true argument: if it difagree with these rules, it is a paralogifm, or false argument. Watts.

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PARAMABIRO, or PAPAMAIRAMBA, the PARAMARIBQ, capital of SURINAM, is feated on the W, bank of the Surinam, about 18 miles from the fea coaft, and has a good harbour, with 2 churches, 2 Jewish fynagogues, and about 1400 houfes. The streets are, ftraight and ornamented on each fide with orange, lemon, and tamarind trees. It is the rendezvous of all the European traders.

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PARAMATTY, a town of Indoftan, in the Carnatic about 10 miles W. of Coveriporum.

PARAMECIA, in natural hiftory, a name given to fuch animalcules, as have no visible limbs or tails, and are of an irregularly oblong fi gure.

(1.) * PARAMETER. n.f. The latus rectum of a parabola, is a third proportional to the abfciffa and any ordinate; fo that the fquare of the ordinate is always equal to the rectangle under the parameter and abfciffa: but in the ellipfis and hyperbola, it has a different proportion. Harris.

(2.) PARAMETER. See CONIC SECTIONS, Index.

PARAMO, Lewis DE, a Spanish inquifitor, who published at Madrid, in 1598, a curious work upon the tribunal called The Holy Office. He writes with candour, omits no fact, but enumerates impartially all the victims of the bloody Inquifition.

(1.)* PARAMOUNT. adj. [per and mount.] 1. Superiour; having the higheft jurifdiction: as lord paramount, the chief of the feigniory: with to.-Leagues within the ftate are ever pernicious to monarchies; for they raife an obligation, paramount to obligation of fovereignty. Bacon.—The dogmatift's opinioned affurance is paramount to argument. Glanville.-If all power be derived

from

from Adam, by divine inftitution, this is a right antecedent and paramount to all government. Locke.-Mankind, teeing the apoftles poffeffed of a power plainly paramount to the powers of all the known beings, whether angels or dæmons, could not queftion their being infpired by God. Weft. 2. Eminent; of the highest order.-John a Chamber was hanged upon a gibbet raised, a ftage higher in the midft of a fquare gallows, as a traitor paramount. Bacon.

(2.) PARAMOUNT. n. f. The chief.

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In order came the grand infernal peers, 'Midft them their mighty paramount. Milton. (3.) PARAMOUNT, in English law, the higheft lord of the fee of lands, of tenements, and hereditaments." As there may be a lord mefne where lands are held of an inferior lord, who holds them of a fuperior under certain fervices; fo this fuperior lord is lord paramount. Alfo the king is the chief lord, or lord paramount of all the lands in the kingdom. Cok. Lit. 1.

* PARĂMOUR. n. f. [par and amour, Fr.] 1. A lover or wooer.

A lovely bevy of fair ladies fat,

Courted of many a jolly paramour,

The which them did in modeft wife amate.

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To wanton with the fun, her lufty paramour. Milton. 2. A mistress. It is obfolete in both fenfes, though not inelegant or unmufical.Shall I believe

That unfubftantial death is amorous, And that the lean abhorred monster keeps Thee here in dark to be his paramour? Shak. (1.) PARANA, a large river of Brazil, which rifes in about Lat. 18° S. runs a long course, and joins the Paraguay, in Lat. 28° S. See PARAGUAY, N° 2.

(2.) PARANA, a province of Brazil, in Paraguay, fo named from the above river. See PARAGUAY, No 1. St Anne is the capital.

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(1.) * PARAPHERNALIA. n. f. [Latin, paraphernaux, Fr.] Goods in the wife's difpofal. (2.) PARAPHERNALIA, in the civil law. See Law, Part III, Chap. I, Sect. V, § 9.

(1.)* PARAPHIMOSIS. n. J. [ragafiμweis ; paraphimofe, Fr.] A difeafe when the præputium cannot be drawn over the glans.

(2.) PARAPHIMOSIS. See PARAPHYMOSIS. PARAPHONIA. See MEDICINE, Index. (1.) * PARAPHRASE. n. f. [xagafgadis ; paraphrafe, Fr.] A loose interpretation; an explanation in many words.-All the laws of nations were but a paraphrafe upon this standing rectitude of nature. South. In paraphrafe, or tranflation with latitude, the author's words are not so strictly fol. lowed as his sense. Dryden.

(1.) A PARAPHRASE is an explanation of fome paffage in clearer and more ample terms.

*To PARAPHRASE. v. a. [paraphrafer, Fr. agapçal.] To interpret with laxity of expreffion; to translate loosely. We are put to construe and paraphrafe our own words. Stilling fleet.

What needs we paraphrase on what we mean? We were at worf, but wanton; he's obscene. Dryden.

PARANTES, a town of France, in the depart--Where translation is impracticable, they may ment of the Landes; 33 miles N. of Tartas. paraphrafe. But it is intolerable, that, under a (1.) * PARANYMPH. n. J. [xaga and en; pretence of paraphrafing and translating, a way paranymphe, Fr.] 1. A brideman; one who leads fhould be fuffered of treating authors to a manifest the bride to her marriage.disadvantage. Felton.

The Timnian bride

Had not fo foon preferr'd
Thy parangmph.

2. One who countenances or supports another.Sin hath got a paranymph and a folicitor, a war. rant and an advocate. Taylor.

(2.) PARANYMPH, among the ancients, the perfon who waited on the bridegroom, and directed the nuptial folemnities; called also pronubus and aufpex, because the ceremonies began by taking aufpicia. As the paranymph officiated only in the part of the bridegroom, a woman called PRONUBA officiated on the part of the bride.

* PARAPEGM. n. s. [xagarnyμa, nagaznyvjμr] A brazen table fixed to a pillar, on which laws and proclamations were anciently engraved: alfo a table set up publicly, containing an account of the rifing and fetting of ftars, eclipfes of the fun and moon, the feafons of the year, &c. whence aftrologers give this name to the tables on which

* PARAPHRAST. n. f. [paraphrafle, French; ragaggasns.] A lax interpreter; one who explains in many words.-The fitteft for public audience are fuch, as following a middle courfe between the rigour of literal tranflators and the liberty of paraphrafts, do, with great fhortnefs and plainnefs deliver the meaning. Hooker.-The Chaldean paraphraft renders Gerah by Meath. Arbuthnot. * PARAPHRASTICAL adj. from para

*PARAPHRASTICK. } phrafe.] Lax in in

terpretation; not literal; not verbal.

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(1.) * PARAPHRENITIS. n. f. [xaga and egeri TI paraphrenefle, French.1-Paraphrenitis is an inflammation of the diaphragm. The symptoms are a violent fever, a molt exquifite pain, increased upon infpiration, by which it is diftinguished from a pleurify, in which the greatest pain is in expiration. Arbuthnot.

(2.) PARAPHRENITIS. See DIAPHRAGM, and MEDICINE, Index. PARA

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PARAPHROSYNE, a word ufed by medical writers to denote a delirium, or an alienation of mind in fevers, or from whatever other caufe. PARAPHYMOSIS, a diforder of the penis, wherein the prepuce is fhrunk, and withdrawn behind the glans, fo as not to be capable of being brought to cover the fame; which generally happens in venereal diforders. See MEDICINE and SURGERY, Indexes. PARAPLEGIA.

See MEDICINE, Index. (1.) * PARAQUETO. n. f. A little parrot. (2.) PARAQUETO. See PSITTACUS. PARARA. n. f. an Anglo-American word, ufed in the Northern United States, for what is called in the Southern States, a SAVANNAH, i. e. an extenfive rich plain, without trees, but covered with grafs. Some of thefe are 40 miles broad, and feveral hundred miles long; and exhibit fine profpects.

(1.) * PARASANG. n. f. [parafanga.] A Perfian measure of length,-Since the mind is not able to frame the idea of any space without parts, inftead thereof it makes ufe of the common meafures, which, by familiar ufe, in each country, have imprinted themselves on the memory; as inches and feet, or cubits and parafangs. Locke. (2.) The PARASANG is an ancient measure, differing at different times, and in different places; being ufually 30, fometimes 40, and fometimes 50 ftadia, or furlongs. The word, according to Littleton, has its rife from parafch angarius, q. d. the space a poft-man rides from one ftation, angaria, to another.

PARASAOLI, a town of Indostan, in Jyenagur; 15 miles NNE. of Jyepour, and 85 W. of Agra.

PARASCENIUM, in the Grecian and Roman theatres, was a place behind the scenes whither the actors withdrew to dress and undress them. felves. The Romans more frequently called it POSTSCENIUM. See THEATRE,

PARASELENE, in natural philosophy, a mock moon; a meteor or phenomenon encompaffing or adjacent to the moon, in form of a luminous ring; wherein are observed fometimes one and and fometimes two or more images of the moon.

PARASEMON, [Пagasμov,] among the Greeks, was the figure carved on the prow of the fhips to diftinguish them from each other. This figure was generally that of a bull, lion, or other animal; fometimes the reprefentation of a mountain, tree, flower, &c.

PARASIA, a country lying E. of Media. (1.)* PARASITE. n. J. [parafite, Fr. parafita,' Latin.] One that frequents rich tables, and earns his welcome by flattery

He is a flatterer,

A parafite, a keeper back of death.

Shak.

Moft fmiling, fmooth, detefted parafites, Courteous deftroyers, affable wolves. Shak. —Diogenes, when mice came about him, as he was eating, faid, I see that even Diogenes nourisheth parasites. Bacon→

Thou, with trembling fear,

Or like a fawning parafite, obey'd. Milton. The people fweat not for their king's delight, Tenrich a pimp, or raise a parafite. Dryden. (2.) PARASITE, among the ancient Greeks, was originally a very reputable title; the parafites be

ing a kind of priests, at leaft minifters, of the gods, in the same manner as the epulones were at Rome. They took care of the facred corn, or the corn deftined for the fervice of the temples and the gods, viz. facrifices, feafts, &c. They had even the intendance over facrifices; and took care that they were duly performed. At Athens there was a kind of college of 12 parafites; each people of Attica furnishing one, who was always chofen out of the beft families. Polybius adds, that a parafite was also an honourable title among the ancient Gauls, and was given to their poets. But of late it has been used as a term of reproach.

(3.) PARASITES, or PARASITICAL PLANTS, in botany, fuch plants as are produced out of the trunk or branches of other plants, from whence they receive their nourishment, and will not grow on the ground. Such are the misletoe, &c. *PARASITICAL adj. [parafitique, French; * PARAŠITICK. from parafite. Flattering; wheedling.-The bishop received small thanks for his parafitick presentation. Hakesill.—Some parafitick preachers have dared to call thofe martyrs, who died fighting against me. King Charles.

* PARASOL. n. A fmall canopy or umbrella carried over the head to shelter from rain and the heat of the fun. Di&.

PARASTATÆ, in anatomy. See ANATOMY, N° 311.

* PARASYNEXIS. n. f. In the civil law, a conventicle or unlawful meeting. Dict.

PARATALASSIA. See PRIMORIE.

PARAY, a town of France, in the dep. of the Saone and Loire, near the Bourbince; 6 miles W. of Charolles, and 164 ESE. of Bourbon Lancy.

*To PARBOIL. v. a. [parbouiller, French.] To half boil; to boil in, part.-Parboil two large capons upon a soft fire. Bacon.

From the fea into the fhip we turn, Like parboil'd wretches, on the coals to burn.

Like the fcum ftarved men did draw From parboil'd fhoes and boots.

Donne.

Donne.

* PARBREAK, n. S. [from the verb.] Vomit. Obfolete.

Her filthy parbreak all the place defiled has. Spenfer. *To PARBREAK. v. a. [brecker, Dutch.] To vomit. Obfolete.

PARBUNCLE. n. f. in a fhip, a rope almoft like a pair of flings; it is feized both ends toge ther, and then put almost double about any heavy thing that is to be hoisted in or out of the ship; having the hook of the runner hitched into it, to hoift it up by.

PARCE, in heathen mythology, godeffes who were fuppofed to prefide over the accidents and events, and to determine the date or period of human life. The Parce were three, CLOTHO, LACHESIS, and ATROPOS. They spun the thread of men's lives; Clotho held the distaff and drew the thread; Lachefis twirled the spindle, and spun it; and Atropos cut it. The ancients reprefent the Parcæ divers ways: Lucian, in the fhape of three poor old women, having large locks of wool, mixed with daffodils on their heads. Others reprefent Clotho in a long robe of divers colours, wearing a crown upon her head adorned with fe

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