under the shadow of the Castle, in Edinburgh. He then passes up the valley between the Pentlands and Lammermuirs, and descends into Berwickshire, where he dedicates the Church of Channelkirk on the 23rd, Gordon on the 28th, and Stitchell in the north-east corner of Roxburghshire on the 30th. After the Dedication of a private Chapel at Fogo, near the centre of Berwickshire, on the 2nd April, he visits for the same purpose the neighbouring Churches of Greenlaw on the 4th, Langton on the 6th, Polwarth on the 7th, Chirnside on the 10th, and is in the Church of the Holy Trinity in Berwick on the 15th, at the work of Reconciliation, after it has been polluted by bloodshed; there he probably keeps Easter on the 20th. From the English Border he turns homewards, is at Baro in Garvald on the 24th April, at Pencaitland on May-day, Cockpen on the 4th, and at Linlithgow on the 22nd. As being required to attend the Perth Council, and yet resolved to use it in his northward progress, he crosses the Tay, and dedicates Collace Church on 4th June, but returns to the Church of Falkirk on the 12th. He then passes up Strathmore, and across the Cairn o' Month into Strachan, where the Church is dedicated on the 16th June; by the 30th July he has passed down Deeside to Nigg "ultra Moneth," and consecrates the little Church on the Bay. Leaving again his northern boundary, and traversing the rough spurs of the Grampians till he enters the Howe of the Mearns, he dedicates Arbuthnott Church, perhaps on the 3rd August, Kinneff on the 5th, Ecclesgreig or S. Cyrus on the 7th, Marykirk on the 9th, Tannadyce on the 11th, and Inverkeilor on the 17th. The Abbey at Arbroath is already founded, and let us hope that the Bishop has the Abbot Adam's help in dedicating the mother Church of S. Vigean's on the 19th. But the Episcopal and Abbatial courtesies must be shortened, as the Bishop has to dedicate Aberlemno Church on the 21st, Forfar on the 23rd, Glamis on the 25th, Airlie on the 27th, Newtyle on the 29th, and Fowlis Easter on the last day of August. On the 5th September he is at Perth, and then takes the Fifeshire Churches of Abdie and Flisk on the 7th September: he crosses the Forth to Midlothian, and Woolmet Church is consecrated on the 4th October. Then, returning eastward,

he follows out his chief aim and visits Seaton on the 6th October, Gulane on the 8th, and dedicates a Church for the Nuns at North Berwick on the roth. Skirting the coast by Dunbar he is at Innerwick on the 17th, and Oldhamstocks on the 19th; he is again in the neighbourhood of Melrose, and dedicates the Church at Legerwood on the 30th. Once more he turns northward and closes his round of Church Dedication at Wedale (now called Stow) in Midlothian on the 3rd November.

Early in the Spring of 1243 he is again found on the English Border, and dedicates the Church of Earlston on the 20th March, Kelso on the 27th, Fogo on the 29th, and Lennel beside Coldstream on the 31st. On the 2nd of April he dedicates Hilton, Horndean on the 4th, Hutton on the 6th, and Aldham in Whitekirk on the 23rd of April. He is at Smailholm on 29th April, northward at Carrington on 2nd May, Ratho on the 5th, and Carriden on the 7th. Taking Airth on the 10th as he passes, he gives a Church to "Magna Kingorn" (or Kinghorn) on the 17th, and to "Parva Kingorn" (now The Kirkton, near Burntisland) two days after. Kinglassie follows on the 27th May, Scoonie on the 30th, and the Parish Church of S. Andrews on the 17th June. Only two days after the Bishop is at Kelly, and again in two days at Crail; on the 26th at Kilrenny, and on the 28th at Anstruther. If charity begins at home, the Bishop is to be careful of his own neighbours, and scarcely leaves a corner of Fifeshire unvisited or Church unblessed. His tour of Church Dedications begins at Kilconquhar on 12th July; he is at Newburn on the 15th, at Largo on the 17th, at Markinch on the 19th, at Portmoak on the 23rd, at "Kilgoueryn" (now Falkland) on the 26th, at Lathrisk on the 28th, and at Collessie on the 30th. At Dairsie and Cults on the 2nd and 8th August he finishes the most of his work in Fifeshire, and crosses the Tay into the Carse of Gowrie. He is at Errol on 9th August, at Inchture on the 11th, and at the old Parish Church of Rossieclerach (now in the grounds of Rossie Priory) on the 13th. He then passes down the side of the Tay, and is at Barry on the 18th, and at Craig on the 23rd; is still farther North-at Logie-on the 25th, and again turns southward. He visits Aldbar on the 27th, and Restennet, beside Forfar, on the 30th;

Kirkden on the 1st September, Meathie Lour on the 3rd, Inverarity on the 6th, Benvie on the 9th, and Logie (now, perhaps, better known as Lochee) beside Dundee on the 11th. He is next at Blairgowrie on the 13th, and at Auchterderran in Fife on the 27th; is found as far South as Livingston on the last day of the month, and closes his year's energetic labours with the Dedication of S. Giles', Edinburgh, on the 6th of October.

Early in the Spring of 1244 he has again sought the South of Scotland, and is at Ellam in Longformacus on 11th March; and then, after Easter, returns upon Athelstaneford on 7th April, Tranent on the 11th, Cranston on the 17th, and Salton on the 21st. From Haddingtonshire, he proceeds once more into Berwickshire, and dedicates the Church of the Minorite Friars in Berwick on 6th May. In the Autumn, he is engaged in Fifeshire,—at Inverkeithing on the 26th August, Leuchars on the 4th September, Kemback on the 6th, Liston on the 11th, Egglismonichty (in Monifieth, North of the Tay) on the 13th, and Bolton (in Haddingtonshire) on the 18th. He blesses the Hospital of Scotland Wells on the 2nd October, for the use of the Red Friars, and proceeds rapidly still further northward to Fordoun in Kincardineshire on 17th October, and the adjacent parish of Laurencekirk (then called Conveth) on the 19th.

His attention in 1245 is again devoted almost entirely to Fifeshire. But first the Churches are dedicated at Heriot (Midlothian) and Morham (Haddingtonshire) on the 6th and 9th March; then he crosses the Forth and consecrates at Kirkcaldy on the 21st March, at Dysart on the 26th, Strathmiglo on the 28th, Auchtermuchty on the 31st, Scotstarvit in Cupar on the 3rd April, Moonzie on the 5th, and, recrossing, is at Whittingham in Haddingtonshire on the 7th of May.

Signs appear in the following years of his work in this direction becoming exhausted, as the Dedications are fewer and more detached. In 1246 the Bishop is at Eassie in Forfarshire on the 15th May, and at Fetteresso in Kincardineshire on the 25th; at Kinross on the 27th June, and at Hirsel in Coldstream on the 31st July.

We find him in 1247 in Midlothian: at Gogar in Corstorphine on

23rd May, and Calder East on the 31st; at Simprin in Swinton, Berwickshire, on the 25th June; at Methven, Perthshire, on the 25th August, and at Abercrombie, Fifeshire, on the 24th October.

In 1248 he accomplishes a few more, as at Hales in Colinton, Midlothian, on the 27th September, at Eccles, Berwickshire, on the 4th October, and at Coldstream on the 6th.

Our List closes with 1249 and its three Dedications; of Kettins on the 18th April, Strathmartin on the 18th May, and Clackmannan on the 24th August. But between the carrying out of the last two, Alexander II. has died at Karrara, and a brilliant concourse of the Church dignitaries and nobility has assembled at Scone to witness the belting and inauguration of the boy-king Alexander III. by Bishop David, and the troubles of the minority may be interfering with the discharge of the further work of Church dedication.* * Into the interesting question of the patron Saints usually involved in the idea of Dedication we cannot enter; neither can we enquire into the spirit that is prompting the Bishop to be so earnest in this work, or into the condition of things that has allowed it. We may fairly infer that other Bishops are prosecuting the same object, as one of his successors, William Wishart, returns in 1276 to dedicate the Church of Dunnottar on the 15th May, and the dependent Chapel of Cowie on the 22nd (without prejudice to the mother Church of Fetteresso). On 26th April, 1253, as somewhat oddly stated by the chronicler,

Already we have noted here a list of 140 Churches and Chapels dedicated throughout the East of Scotland by this one Bishop, and the Churches in the eight Deaneries of his Diocese number, about his time, only 234.

E

I will conclude with a few notes on the MS. of De Bernham's Pontifical itself.

=

The Greek Alphabet (fol. 17, p. 7a), of which the forms of the letters are given in facsimile, occupies three lines in the original « ... ↳, ( is omitted, s and koppa introduced, and a a repeated

...

at the end).

...

P. 8b. The Title "Benedictio Cinerum" is written in the margin. So also is the Rubric (fol. 34, p. 12a) "Hic Consecretur* Cimiterium, si quod fuerit Consecrandum" which commences a new column iu the MS. At the bottom of p. 45 (= fol. 127B) the Rubric "Deinde ... Exaltationis sanctæ crucis" is a marginal addition in black ink.

Explicit de Consecratione sanctæ crucis" is a Rubricella at the top of the page, in the margin. There are traces of a book-marker having been sewn on this leaf at this place. There was a marker also at fol. 98B., the blessing of the Altar Linen, &c. (p. 35a bottom), and there the eye is caught by a Cross drawn in black ink in the margin.

=

fol. 69B.

=

92.

The commencement of the Order for Consecration of a Cross (fol. 118, p. 42b) is marked by a slightly decorated Calvary Cross in red ink. The word "No".," or Notandum, is written in the margin against the latter part of the Rubric which appears on p. 15a, fol. 42, also at the commencement of the Rubric "Finita," p. 22, fol. 61, and (in pale ink) near the end of the Rubric on p. 24b, "Hic incipiat" is written over against the Collect on p. 33a, — fol. The Invocations in the Litany, p. 27, fall into double columns with the words "Spiritus Sancte Deus;" the second column contains only the words "Omnes Sancti Angeli... prophetæ," the word "Orate" not appearing in the original in that instance. The verso of fol. 77 commences with "Sancte Petre ora," and its second column with the Confessors "Sancte Martine." Fol. 78 recommences the single column with "Ab insidiis."

* This term, which is found also in the original Table of Contents, on fol. 3, "de Consecratione Cimiterii," deserves to be noted by some who have rashly asserted that our Churchyards were only dedicated, and not consecrated, in the days of our forefathers.