just as in our Communion Office for the Sick is a provision (taken from the Sarum Use of ancient date) for a Spiritual Communion, i.e. without any species" at all.

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II. THE PRIMITIVE CHURCH, ENGLAND'S STANDARD.

A.D.

1549.

Havinge eye and respecte to the moste syncere and pure Christian Religion taught by the Scripture, as to the usages of the Primatyve Churche." (Act of Uniformity.)

"An Order for Prayer much agreeable to the mind and purpose of the Old Fathers." (Preface to Prayer-Book.)

"In the Primitive Church there was a Godly Discipline." (Commination Office.)

"From the Apostles' times there have been these Orders in Christ's Church, Bishops, Priests, and Deacons." (Ordinal.)

1552. "A verye godly Order, agreeable to the Worde of God and the Primative Churche." (Act of Uniformity.)

1562. "Contrary to the usage of the Primitive Church." (Homilies, p. 187, Idolatry.)

"The Old Primitive Church, which was most incorrupt and pure." (Do., p. 202.)

The good Fathers in the Primitive Church." (Do., p. 486.)

1563. "Verbo Dei et Primitivæ Ecclesiæ consuetudini planè repugnat.' (Article xxiv.)

1571.

Plainly repugnant to the Word of God and the custom of the Primitive Church." (Article 24).

1603.

Imprimis verò videbunt, ne quid unquam doceant pro concione, quod a populo religiosè teneri ac credi velint, nisi quod consentaneum sit doctrinæ Veteris aut Novi Testamenti, quodque ex illâ ipsâ doctrinâ Catholici Patres et Veteres Episcopi collegerint." Canons. De Concionatoribus [Sparrow's collections].

"First and foremost, Preachers shall be careful not to preach aught to be religiously held and believed by the people, except what is agreeable to the doctrine of the Old and New Testament, and what the Catholic Fathers and Ancient Bishops have gathered out of that very doctrine."

"Consonant to the Word of God and the judgment of all the Antient Fathers." (Canon 30.)

Forasmuch as the Ancient Fathers of the Church, appointed prayers and fasts, we, following their example, &c." (Canon 31.)

"According to the judgment of the Ancient Fathers, and the practice of the Primitive Church." (Canons 32 and 33.) 1662. " Agreeable to the Word of God and usage of the Primitive Church." (Act of Uniformity.)

1867. "Lastly, we do here solemnly record our conviction, that Unity will be most effectually promoted by maintaining the Faith in its purity and integrity, as taught in Holy Scripture, held by the Primitive Church, summed up in the Creeds, and affirmed by the undisputed General Councils." (PanAnglican Synod of Lambeth, 76 Bishops.)

66

CATHOLIC," THE CHURCH'S TRUE NAME : PROTESTANT," A MISLEADING, CONTROVERSIAL

NICK-NAME.

=

(a) "Catholic' Universal: "because it is throughout all the world, teaches all truth, brings all classes of men to God, cures all spiritual diseases, has all sorts of spiritual graces, and has existed continuously through all the centuries from the time of its Pentecostal birth in the first." (Bp. H. Browne's Expos., p. 446.)

(6) Throughout the Prayer Book, "Protestant" does not once occur, while " 'Catholic" does frequently; e.g., Preface, Three Creeds, Prayer for all conditions of men. (c)" Protestant,"

originally applied to the Lutheran party who protested against the Spire edicts in 1526; and still used to distinguish them from the "Reformed" Calvinists. (Mosheim, Vol.

II., 407.)

(d) "In our application of the word, it is a mere term of Negation. If a man says that he is a Protestant, he only tells us that he is not a Romanist. At the same time he may be what is worse, a Socinian, or even an Infidel; for these are all united under the common principle of Protesting against Popery." (Hook's Church Dict., p. 615.) (e) "Catholic" expresses union; Protestant," disunion. "Catholic" denotes concord and agreement with the main body; "Protestant," opposition to and separation from it.

to the Church of

(f) To apply Protestant England, implies that she sympathizes with the various Sects of Deserters, rather than with the Army of Christ and the Household of God.

(g) To apply "Catholic" to Romanists, implies

that they are right, and the English Church wrong: that they are the rightful owners of Creed, Sacrament, Priesthood, &c., and that English Churchmen are merely part of the "Protestant Omnium Gatherum," "that mixed multitude of Separatists who have excommunicated themselves, and thus committed Spiritual Suicide.

(h) Hence the English Church has always claimed "Catholic," and repudiated "Protestant;" a striking instance of which is recorded in connection with the Service for Nov. 5, as remodelled in the reign of King William III. (Cardwell's Conferences.)

(2) While error exists, whether on the Roman or Puritan side, i.e., whether the error be one of Addition to, or Subtraction from, the Faith once and once for all delivered to the Saints, the Church of England, as the truly Catholic Via Media, must Protest against it. But the Protestant attitude is by no means graceful, and certainly nothing to be proud of. Rather is it a sad necessity, and a cause of deep mourning, to be compelled to stand aloof, while the Body of Christ is divided, and His garment rent by Schism. (S. John xvii. 20—3.)

(k) "So far was it from the purpose of the Church of England to forsake and reject the Churches of Italy, France, Spain, Germany, &c., in all things which they held and practised, that she only departed from them in those particular points, wherein they were fallen both from themselves in their ancient integrity, and from the Apostolical Churches which were their first founders." (Canon 30.)

IV. CHURCH CATHOLIC, 7. PARTICULAR CHURCHES, OR SECTIONS OF the Whole.

"The Holy Ghost shall teach you all things." "He shall guide you into all truth."-S. John xiv. 26; xvi. 13; Acts xv. 28.

This promise was given, not to one or two isolated Branches of the Vine, or Particular Churches at "Jerusalem, Alexandria, Antioch, Rome," or elsewhere, apart from the rest (Art. 19), but to the "Visible Church of Christ, as the whole multitude of the Faithful" (Art. 33,), or aggregate conglomeration of Baptized persons; i.e., to the Church Catholic, as the Body of Christ, with all its members conjoined, both East and West.

V. CHURCH CATHOLIC: How REPRESENTED. (a) By Ecumenical Councils; i.e., Councils containing representatives from the Eastern as well as the Western Branches of the Church.

(b) At the Council of Jerusalem, A.D. 51, Jews and Gentiles, Hebrews and Grecians, were represented. Hence it was truly Ecumenical (Acts xv). (c) The Four Great Councils are—

I. Nicæa ...

2. Constantinople..

3. Ephesus

A.D. 325.

381.

431.

451.

VI. CONSENSUS CATHOLICUS.

The decisions of these four Councils, having been accepted in every portion of the Church Catholic, are recognized as final and unquestionable.

Hence in Act I. Queen Elizabeth, the Commissioners appointed to take cognizance of heresies