53. Those laws are to be abolished which appertain to the protection of the religious state, and of the rights and duties of religious orders; nay, civil government may lend its aid to all those who wish to abandon the religious life once embraced, and to break their solemn vows; it may likewise altogether suppress such religious orders, as well as collegiate churches, and simple benefices, and the rights of patronage, and reduce and maintain their temporalities and revenues, under the administration and free disposal of civil authority. 54. Kings and princes are not only exempt from the jurisdiction of the Church, but they also take precedence of the Church in deciding questions regarding jurisdiction. 55. The Church is to be separated from the State, and the State from the Church. VI. ERRORS CONCERNING NATURAL AND CHRISTIAN ETHICS. 56. The laws of morals need no divine sanction; nor is it by any means necessary that human law should be conformable to the natural law, or should take its binding force from God. 57. The science of philosophy and of morals, and in like manner the civil laws, may and must deviate from Divine and ecclesiastical authority. 58. No other forces are to be admitted but those which consist in matter; and all moral discipline and virtue must be placed in accumulating and increasing wealth, by whatever means, and in gratifying the human passions. 59. Right consists in a material fact; and all human duties are an empty name, and all human facts have the force of right. 60. Authority is nothing else than numbers, and the result of material forces. 61. An unjust fact of happy issue in no wise prejudices the sanctity of the right [thence arising]. 62. The so-called principle of non-intervention is to be proclaimed and acted upon. 63. It is lawful to withhold obedience from legitimate rulers; nay, even to rebel. 64. The violation of the most sacred oath, as well as every other impious and criminal deed repugnant to the eternal law, is not only not to be condemned, but altogether lawful, and deserving of the highest praise, when perpetrated for the love of country. VII. ERRORS CONCERNING CHRISTIAN MARRIAGE. 65. It is a doctrine no wise to be tolerated that Christ has raised marriage to the dignity of a sacrament. 66. The sacrament of matrimony is nothing but an accessory to the contract of marriage, and may be separated from it; and the sacrament itself consists exclusively in the nuptial blessing. 67. The marriage tie is not indissoluble by natural law; and in various cases a divorce, properly so-called, may be sanctioned by civil authority. 68. The Church has not the power to establish annulling impediments; but this power belongs to the civil authority, by which existing impediments are to be removed. 69. The Church in later times began to establish annulling impediments, not by its own right, but by that right which it borrowed from civil authority. 70. The canons of the Council of Trent, which inflict the censure of excommunication on those who dare deny to the Church the power of establishing annulling impediments, either are not dogmatic, or are to be understood of that power borrowed from the civil authority. 71. The form of the Council of Trent does not oblige under pain of nullity where the civil law prescribes a different form and wishes matrimony to be valid by the intervention of such new form. 72. Boniface VIII. was the first to assert that the vow of chastity taken in ordination renders marriage invalid. 73. A true marriage can exist between Christians in virtue of a merely civil contract; and it is false, either that the contract of marriage between Christians is always a sacrament, or that there is no contract if the sacrament is excluded. 74. Matrimonial cases and espousals, of their very nature, belong to the civil tribunal. VIII. ERRORS CONCERNING THE CIVIL POWER OF THE ROMAN PONTIFF. 75. The compatibility of the temporal with the spiritual power is an open question among the children of the Christian and Catholic Church. 76. The abolition of the civil power possessed by the Apostolic See would be most conducive to the liberty and felicity of the Church. IX. ERRORS REGARDING MODERN LIBERALISM. 77. In this our age it is no longer expedient that the Catholic religion should be the only religion of the state, to the exclusion of all other forms of worship. 78. Hence it has been laudably sanctioned by law in some parts of the Catholic world, that immigrants be allowed the public practice of any form of worship whatever. 79. For it is false that the civil freedom of every kind of worship, and likewise the full power granted to all of openly and publicly expressing all kinds of opinions and ideas, more easily leads to the corruption of the morals and minds of the people, and to the spread of the pest of indifferentism. 80. The Roman Pontiff may and ought to reconcile and adapt himself to progress, liberalism, and modern civilization. PRINTED BY BENZIGER BROTHERS, NEW YORK. Books marked net are such where ten per cent. must be added for postage. Thus a book advertised as net, $1.00, will be sent postpaid on receipt of $1.10. Books not marked net will be sent postpaid on receipt of advertised price. MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS ABANDONMENT TO DIVINE PROVIDENCE. CAUSSADE. net, 0 50 OLIC CATECHISM. SPIRAGO. ANECDOTES AND EXAMPLES ILLUSTRATING THE CATH net, 1 25 ANGELS OF THE SANCTUARY. MUSSER. net, 1 50 ANNOUNCEMENT BOOK FOR SUNDAY MASSES. 0 20 net, 1 25 BENEDICENDA. SCHULTE. 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