In his gratitude for this relief, the earl gave Roger the control of the fiddlers and rabble generally of Chester-a not too desirable privilege, which Roger transferred to Hugh de Dutton and his heirs. This custom became one of licensing the musicians of the county. We cannot go further into the subject, but will only say that the last court was held so late as 1756, and that the right is supposed to be vested in the heir-general of the Duttons, though Thomas Dutton, the last of the male-line owners of Dutton, under Puritan influence refused a licence for "piping and dancing" on Sundays. It is a curious fact that the Duttons in the time of Elizabeth had a special exemption from the penalties, including whipping, pronounced against their clients as "rogues and vagabonds." Had Scott known of the bestowal of this privilege, he would probably have used it in The Betrothed,' the period of which it might be made to fit. At the time of the Domesday Survey a follower of the Conqueror, from whom a direct descent can be traced, was established at Dutton, then Duntune, in Cheshire. The family is described by Leycester as "of great worth and antiquity." Sir Thomas de Dutton, the first knight of the family, was Sheriff of Cheshire in 1268. In the fourteenth century the family branched to Hatton, near Chester, a property then considerable, which had been acquired by marriage. Apropos of this the writer says that "Sir Christopher Hatton, Queen Elizabeth's dancing Lord Chancellor, 'claimed kindred there and had his claims allowed.' Others of the Duttons had previously fought in the Crusades, with Hotspur, at Agincourt, or on one or other side in the Wars of the Roses. Sherborne, whence comes the title of Lord Sherborne-the book is dedicated to Lady Sherborne-was purchased in 1551 by Thomas Dutton. Branches of the family settled in Yorkshire, Staffordshire, and Denbighshire, and individuals of the name are heard of in various posts of danger or authority. Sir Piers Dutton assisted zealously in the suppression of the monasteries under Henry VIII. In Little Gaddesden Church, Herts, is a striking monument, erected by Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, her grandfather, to Elizabeth Dutton, who died " wife, a widow, and a maid in the year 1611, aged sixteen." She was formally betrothed to John Dutton when eleven years old. Her husband is supposed to have been accidentally killed on the day fixed for the consummation of the wedding. Thomas Dutton, the last of the direct male line, and twentieth in descent from Odard, the founder of the family, died on 28 December, 1614, his son John having predeceased him in 1609. High interest attends the bloodthirsty duel fought on Calais sands in December, 1610, between Sir Thomas Dutton and Sir Hatton Cheke (grandson of the famous Sir John Cheke), in which the latter combatant was alain. The fight is characteristically described by Carlyle in the fourth volume of his Miscellanies.' This duel was followed in 1712 by another-perhaps the most celebrated in English history-between the first Lord Dutton, better known as the Duke of Hamilton, and Lord Mohun, in which both combatants met their death. Among those who have dealt with this fight are Swift and Thackeray. Sir Ralph Dutton, of Standish, raised a regiment for King Charles eight hundred strong, which with fying colours joined the royal standard at Nottingham, being the second regiment raised.

.

We cannot follow the further fortunes of this noble family, of which Lord Sherborne, a welcome

contributor to our columus, is a present representative. Lord Sherborne has, indeed, printed for private circulation the records of the Sherborne branch, a work which we have not seen, and one, as we have proved, difficult of access. The author of the present volume writes like a scholar and a gentleman, and supplies, in addition to a spirited chronicle, notes of historical and literary value. His book is enriched with an excellent index, useful appendices, pedigrees, facsimiles, and illustrations, including portraits, admirably reproduced, of Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, the fourth Duke of Hamilton, and Lord Mohun. The frontispiece presents what remains of Dutton Hall, in Cheshire, erected in 1539-42 by Sir Piers Dutton and Dame Julian (sic) his wife. Other views of the Hall, of achievements of Dutton arms, &c., also appear. Many letters and documents previously unprinted are given, and the work is a model of what a family history ought to be. It is admirably printed, and is bound in creamcoloured canvas with a coat of arms of the Duttons in gold and colours upon the side, and is in all respects de luxe.

JANE AUSTEN has become a constant figure in current literature, and each successive month brings with it some new criticism or tribute. In the Fortnightly Mr. Rowland Grey writes on the bores in her novels. These are numerous, and may well indeed be so when " courteous, gentlemanly Mr. Woodhouse" is numbered among such. Mr. Grey does not, however, confine himself to bores, but has something to say on other types in Miss Austen's well-filled galleries. Under the title 'A Sportsman on Cruelty to Animals' Mr. Aflalo defends himself from the attacks of the "humanitarians." It is not necessary, however, to be one of those who forbid the slaughter of animals for food in order to condemn their destruction for sport. Lady Jeune writes amusingly on 'Bridge.' Mr. W. S. Lilly devotes much space to Le Fantôme' of M. Paul Bourget, whom he regards as "the greatest novelist that France has produced since the days of Balzac." The subject of the book on which Mr. Lilly comments is dreadfully unpleasant, but so, for the matter of that, are the subjects of many of the fictions of Balzac. While overpraising, as we fancy, for we have not read the book, the merits of a story" worthy of the pens of the old tragedians of Hellas," Mr. Lilly takes the opportunity to express his own views as to the value of religious sanctions in the enforcement of the moral law. Mr. William Laird Clowes advocates 'The Cheapening of Useful Books.' He comments, as well he may, upon the manner in which people of all classes have been coaxed into buying by instalments "an imperfect and partially antiquated book," and he holds that "we are not yet a great reading nation, but we are on the point of becoming one." Mr. Stephen Gwynn dwells on 'Some Recent Books,' among which is M. Maeterlinck's 'Life of the Bee.'-Mr. Karl Blind supplies to the Nineteenth Century some facts not generally known concerning the origin of the 'Marseillaise." If we may accept the statements now made, Rouget de l'Isle has enjoyed honours to which he was not entitled. The

Marseillaise' was, we are told, made in Germany, being part of a mass composed in 1776 by Holtzmann, the Kapellmeister of the Elector of the Palatinate. Rouget de l'Isle, we are further told, narrowly escaped the guillotine, was saved by the overthrow of Robespierre, and lived until 1836.

66

Louis Philippe offered him a pension, which was declined. Mr. John Fyvie gives an account of "The Marriage of Mrs. Fitzherbert and George the Fourth,' and calls for the publication of papers on the subject which are supposed still to exist. Lord Albemarle records that the king was buried with a portrait round his neck of the woman he had so long abandoned. The story is more interesting as well as more edifying than are most of the narratives of royal conquest. Mr. Herbert Paul's recollections of the late Bishop of London are entertaining. They contain, however, one naïve and rather embarrassing statement. "No bishop on the bench," says Mr. Paul, was fonder of French novels." Are we then to accept, what seems implied, that French novels constitute an agreeable or ordinary pabulum of bishops? There are many good articles in the number, but most of them are political or otherwise controversial. The Pall Mall has as frontispiece a reproduction of Mr. Sargent's picture of the Misses Wertheimer which arrests attention in the year's Academy. The opening article consists of an account of Glasgow "the Second City," with numerous illustrations. Glasgow has, says the writer, "the attributes of a great American city." This remark was made to us nearly half a century ago by an American who accompanied us there and preferred it to London. 'A Woman's Shopping' throws a light not wholly captivating or satisfactory upon some of " pretty Fanny's ways." A good account is given of James Stephens, the Fenian head-centre, who, it appears, barely escaped being shot by his own followers as "a rogue, an impostor, and a traitor." An excellent account of Stowe, once the seat of the Dukes of Buckingham, follows with many illustrations. Mr. Archer's 'Real Conversations are diminishing in interest. In the latest with Mr. George Moore Mr. Archer seems unable to keep his tongue out of his cheek. Like a song in Twelfth Night' the conversation "is silly sooth." A readable paper is supplied on 'Opera in Germany and in England.'In the Cornhill the article of most interest is the 'Notes of an Octogenarian,' by Miss Louisa Courtenay. They deal with many people in whom the world still maintains a lively interest Lady Morgan, Madame d'Arblay, the Miss Berrys, Rogers, Sydney Smith, the Duke of Wellington, &c. Prof. Beeching is, we are positively told, though we doubted it not before, the author of Provincial Letters,' the latest of which deals with Lincoln. He is a writer it is always pleasant to meet, though we shall always see either obtuseness or want of invention in taking and maintain ing a title such as Urbanus Sylvan. What is said about Hugh of Lincoln (the little Christian we mean) still "gives" us "pause." Mr. Fitchett's Tale of the Great Mutiny' remains as stirring Its pictures are particularly lifelike. Mr. Ernest Myers writes on Alfred of England.' 'A Londoner's Log-book' is agreeably continued. -'A Surrey Pepys" in the Gentleman's is a certain Thomas Turner, a diarist who, more than a hundred years later than Pepys, left a candid avowal of his misdeeds. Mr. Philip Kent, who writes on 'Some Vulgar Errors,' falls himself into one or two very uncommon errors, as when he substitutes floating on her watery hearse" for Milton's "float upon her watery bier." It may be doubted whether many of the errors to which this later Sir Thomas Browne refers are still maintained. Does anybody now think that the young bear has to be licked

as ever.

into shape by its mother? Miss Georgiana Hill gives another of her historical studies. Mr. Almy depicts The Coleridge Country.'-Mr. Lang is still at his best in Longman's, and in his At the Sign of the Ship' has a lively disputation with Prof. Beeching. What Mr. Lang has to say on the substitution of philology for literature is painfully true, and has an application wider than he cares to make. On crystal-gazing and other subjects he is no less excellent. The Disappearance of Plants' opens out a sad question. The woman who goes with a trowel and a basket to spots of natural beauty in order to uproot rare ferns and flowers is almost as much of a pirate as the ordinary naturalist who, in order to classify or possess specimens of birds and butterflies, compasses their extinction; and this brings us to bewail the appearance in Longman's of an article such as The Amateur Poacher.' Mr. Walter Pollock's ghost story is very striking.-In addition to many lighter articles the Idler has Walks and Talks with Tolstoy, which are very interesting, a good description of Beauty Spots in the Tyrol,' and an account of Great Achievements in Bridge Building.' - Scribner's, which arrives too late for full notice, has a readable Tour in Sicily,' 'Passages from a Diary in the Pacific,' The Delta Country of Alaska (all admirably illustrated), and an account of Matthew Arnold.

THE cheap summer guides are beginning to come in. One of the first in the field is Mr. Percy Lindley's Holidays in Eastern Counties,' which is agreeably written and illustrated, and leads the traveller to many unfamiliar spots. - Milgate's interesting guide to Reculver, giving much useful information at a very cheap price, reaches us from Herne Bay.

Jotices to Correspondents.

We must call special attention to the following notices:

ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for pub. lication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

We cannot undertake to answer queries privately. To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rules. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. When answering queries, or making notes with regard to previous entries in the paper, contributors are requested to put in parentheses, immediately after the exact heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to which they refer. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate."

X. ("Conjugate") AND E. P. ("Oh, funny and free," &c.).-Not yet inserted; see our rules.

NOTICE.

Editorial communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries ""-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"at the Office, Brean's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.

We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception.

1880, January 26th (Earl of Beaconsfield). MISS MARY ANN SYDNEY TURNER.

"In consideration of the services rendered by her father, the late Very Rev. Sydney Turner, as Inspector of Reformatories and Industrial Schools. 751."

1881, February 5th (W. E. Gladstone). MRS. MARIA RODGERS.

"In consideration of the services of her late husband, the Rev. John Rodgers, in the cause of public elementary education. 751."

1882, August 16th (W. E. Gladstone). MRS. EMMA ROBINSON.

"In recognition of the services of her husband, the late Canon Robinson, in the cause of public education. 80%."

1892, January 2nd (Marquis of Salisbury). MR. THOMAS WOODHOUSE LEVIN.

"In consideration of the services he has rendered to education and philosophy and mental science, of his blindness, and of his inadequate means of support. 501."

Examiner and teacher of Moral Science at Cambridge; 'Six Lectures on Cicero,' Cambridge, Deighton (Sonnenschein's 'Best Books').

1892, June 20th (Marquis of Salisbury). MISS LETITIA MARIAN COLE, MISS HENRIETTA LINDSAY COLE, and MISS ROSE OWEN COLE.

"In recognition of the services rendered by the late Sir Henry Cole to the cause of artistic and scientific education. 30l. each."

Sir Henry Cole, 1808-82 (Athenæum, April 22nd, 1882; Fifty Years of Public Work,' 2 vols., 1884; 'D.N.B.,' vol. xi.).

1897, June 2nd (Marquis of Salisbury). MR. ARCHIBALD HAMILTON BRYCE, D.C.L. "In recognition of his services in the cause of secondary education in Scotland. 501."

1898, June 9th (Marquis of Salisbury). MISS ADELA CLARA SCHMITZ and MISS LINA THEODORA SCHMITZ.

"In consideration of the services of their late father, Dr. Leonhard Schmitz, to classical education and learning, and of their inadequate means of support. 251. each."

Dr. Leonhard Schmitz, 1807-90 ('Chambers's Biographical Dictionary'; Athenæum, June 7th, 1890).

1898, June 9th (Marquis of Salisbury). MISS JANE KATE WALLIS and MISS ROSA WALLIS.

"In consideration of the services of their late father, Mr. George Wallis, to artistic

education, and of their inadequate means of support. 251. each.”

BIBLICAL SCHOLARS.

1847, October 4th (Lord John Russell). MISS MARGARET PARKER CHALMERS.

"Daughter of the late Rev. Dr. Chalmers. In consideration of his piety, eloquence, and learning. 251.”

Thomas Chalmers, D.D., 1780-1847, was the sixth of fourteen children. At the parish school was "one of the idlest, strongest, merriest, and most generous-hearted boys." Pure geometry had a strong attraction for him from childhood; desired to be a minister of the Gospel; wrote the article on 'Christianity' for the Edinburgh Encyclopædia.' He preached in London with as great an effect as in Glasgow. Wilberforce wrote in his diary: "All the world wild about Chalmers" (D.N.B.,' vol. ix.).

1868, February 14th (Earl of Derby). MISS FEROOZA KITTO (now QUENNELL), MISS HELEN RHODA KITTO (now FEARNSIDE), and MISS FRANCES EDITH TRACY KITTO (now PERAY).

"In consideration of the services of their father, the late John Kitto, D.D., as a critical and theological writer. 100%."

·

Kitto's Cyclopædia of Biblical Literature,' 3 vols. (Sonnenschein's The Best Books'). 1892, January 2nd (Marquis of Salisbury).

MISS FRANCES EMILY SCRIVENER, MISS EDITH AGNES SCRIVENER, and MISS CLARA ANNE SCRIVENER.

"In consideration of the eminence of their father, the late Rev. Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener, as a Biblical scholar, and of their inadequate means of support. 251. each." Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener, 1813-91 ('D.N.B.,' li.).

1895, January 8th (Earl of Rosebery). DR. CHRISTIAN GINSBURG.

"In recognition of the value of his researches into Biblical and Hebrew literature. 150l."

Born at Warsaw, 1830; Rabbinical scholar; came early to England (Chambers's Biographical Dictionary'; Sonnenschein's 'The Best Books').

1897, April 10th (Marquis of Salisbury). MISS BEATRICE HATCH, MISS ETHEL HATCH, and MISS EVELYN HATCH.

"In consideration of the services of their father, the late Rev. Edwin Hatch, in connexion with ecclesiastical history. 30l. each."

Edwin Hatch (1855-89); at Oxford he

moved in a stimulating society of which Edward Burne-Jones, the artist, an old schoolfellow, William Morris and Mr. Swinburne, the poets, were prominent members ('D.N.B.,' vol. xxv.).

1898, June 9th (Marquis of Salisbury). THE REV. DR. JOHN CUNNINGHAM GEIKIE. "In recognition of his services to theological literature. 50%."

"The English Reformation: How it came About,' 1883; Entering on Life: a Book for Young Men,' 1884; "The Holy Land,' Cassell, 1887-8; Life of Christ,' &c. (Sonnenschein's 'The Best Books').

1899, June 14th (Marquis of Salisbury). MRS. MARY MATILDA TAYLER and MRS. MARCIA LOUISA TYNDALE.

1853, March 23rd (Earl of Aberdeen). MISS MARGARET DUNBAR, MISS BARBARA GRACE DUNBAR, and MISS CATHERINE DUNBAR.

"In consideration of Prof. Dunbar's services as Professor of Greek Literature for many years in the University of Edinburgh, and the destitute condition to which his family have been reduced by his death. 757." George Dunbar (1774-1851), employed in youth as a gardener, assistant of Andrew Dalziel, the Professor of Greek at the Edinburgh University. On Dalziel's death, 1806, Dunbar was appointed his successor, and filled the chair until his death on December 6th, 1851 ('D.N.B.,' vol. xvi. p. 153).

1865, June 19th (Lord Palmerston). MRS. MARY BOOLE.

"Widow of the late Professor of Mathematics in Queen's College, Cork. In consideration of her late husband's distinguished attainments as an original mathematician of the highest order, and of his remarkable labours towards the extension of the boundaries of science. 1007."

George Boole (1815-64), mathematician and logician; engaged in teaching from the age of sixteen, at twenty opened a school on his own account; 1849, appointed to the mathematical chair in the newly formed Queen's College at Cork. His principal productions were in the province of pure mathematics. "It is, however, to his 'Laws of Thought' (1854), a work of astonishing originality and power,

that his most durable fame will attach" ('D.N.B.,' vol. v.).

1867, June 19th (Earl of Derby). MISS JULIA PETRIE.

"In consideration of the eminent services rendered by her late father, Dr. Petrie, to archæological science, both as an author and as a public servant. 100l."

George Petrie (1789-1866) was attached to the Ordnance Survey of Ireland; author of Essay on Round Towers' ('Chambers's Dictionary').

1868, February 14th (Earl of Derby). MISS ELIZA HINCKS, MISS ANNA FRANCES HINCKS, and MISS BIRTHIA HINCKS. "In consideration of the services of their father, the late Edward Hincks, D.D., as an Oriental scholar. 1007."

Edward Hincks, D.D. (1792-1866), born at Cork, August 19th; obtained Dublin Gold Medal, 1811. Dr. Brugsch has placed on record his opinion that Hincks was the first to employ the true method of deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics ('D.N.B.,' vol. xxvi. pp. 438-9).

1877, June 13th (Earl of Beaconsfield). MRS. JEMIMA CHARLOTTE BLEEK.

"In recognition of the literary services of her late husband, Dr. Bleek, Keeper of the Grey Library at Cape Town, a distinguished linguist and African scholar. 100%."

Wilhelm Heinrich Bleek born at Berlin March 8th, 1827; died August 17th, 1875. In 1855 he joined Bishop Colenso in Natal, and devoted himself to the study of the language and habits of the Kaffirs. Bleek's books remain the first sources on the subject of African philology ('D.N.B.,' vol. v. p. 209).

1880, October 13th (W. E. Gladstone).

MRS. SOPHIA LUCY JANE CLIFFORD.

"In recognition of the eminent mathematical attainments of her late husband, Prof. Clifford. 801."

William Kingdon Clifford (1845-79). 1870 he joined the English eclipse expedition, and was wrecked in the Psyche off Catania; Professor of Applied Mathematics, University College, 1871 1874, Fellow of the Royal Society. "As a mathematician," Prof. Karl Pearson says, "Clifford may be regarded as marking an epoch in the history of this science in England" ("D.N.B.,' vol. xi.).

1883, January 29th (W. E. Gladstone). MRS. ALMA HAAS.

"In recognition of the position of her late husband, Dr. Haas, as an Oriental scholar,