CHEMICAL NEWS March 2, 1917 Detection of Nickel in Cobalt Salts [Ni''] x [CNJ = Kinst. x [Ni(CN)4"]· The values of the instability constants are not accurately known, but it is certain that that of the cobalticyanide ion is extremely small, and that of the ni kelocyanide ion much larger. Any reduction of the concentration of the cyanide ion in the solution must result in decomposition of the nickelocyanide ion, and considerable increase of nickel ion concentration, while the much more stable cobalticyanide ion is less affected. In Liebig's method as modified by Gauhe (Zeit. Analyt. Chem., 1866, v., 75) the cyanide ion is removed by oxidation with alkaline hypochlorite or hypobromite, the nickelous ion being simultaneously oxidised and precipitated as nickelic hydroxide. This method is not altogether satisfactory because cobaltic hydroxide is usually precipitated also, and the appearance of a brown precipitate is by no means certain proof of the presence of nickel. Since nickel glyoximine is decomposed by the cyanide ion our problem was to remove the cyanide ion so gradually that the cobalticyanide ion should remain practically unaffected. For this purpose we have made use of the great stability of complex silver cyanide ions, together with the small solubility of silver argenticyanide, Ag[Ag(CN)2], 0.0004 grm. per litre at 20° (Bredig, Zeit. Phys. Chem., 1903, xlvi., 602). For argenticyanide ion [Ag'] x [CN]2 = 10-21 × [Ag(CN)2] (Bodländer, Zeit. Anorg. Chem., 1904, xxxix., 227). The comparative in solubility of silver cobalticyanide, accurate data for which are lacking, should also tend to prevent decomposition of the cobalticyanide ion. If to a solution containing alkali salts of nickelocyanide, cobalticyanide, and a small excess only of cyanide, dimethylglyoxime be added and then dilute silver nitrate solution gradually, pre cipitation of silver argenticyanide removes the cyanide ion and promotes decomposition of the nickelocyanide ion, increasing the concentration of the nickelous ion, while the cobalticyanideion is precipitated as AgCo(CN)6, or, if not precipitated, is but slightly decomposed. Comparatively little dimethylgloxime should then be sufficient to precipitate the small amount of nickel present, in part at least. The experiments recorded below show that this modification yields very satisfactory results. Experimental. Solutions and Reagents.-Nickel sulphate solution from Kahlbaum's "Kobalt-frei" salt was standardised by electrolysis (0 05008 N and by precipitation and weighing as glyoximine 0.04968 M). Cobalt, if present, was in very small amount; we were unable to detect it with absolute certainty. Iron was found present, and the discrepancy in the electrolytic and precipitation values is probably due almost entirely to its presence. Its removal appeared unnecessary for our purpose. The more dilute solutions used in the work were prepared from this solutien by accurate dilution. Cobalt sulphate solution, approximately o'1 M, was prepared by working up residues from cobalt ammine salts. Nickel was removed by dimethylglyoxime according to the method we have developed, and the solution as used gave no test for nickel. By electrolysis this solution was found to be o‘0921 M. The other reagents used were potassium cyanide, ro per cent solution; dimethylglyoxime, I per cent solution in alcohol; and silver nitrate, I per cent solution. Sensitiveness of Dimethylglyoxime as Reagent for Nickel in Absence and in Presence of Silver Cyanide.-Two 10 cc. portions of each of the NiSÓ4 solutions of the concentrations stated in Table I. were taken. One was warmed to about 80°, 1 cc. of the dimethylgloxime reagent added, C3 and a drop or rwo of dilute ammonia. The other portion was converted into the complex cyanide by adding two or three drops of KCN. At these small concentrations no precipitate of nickel cyanide was formed. The solution was warmed to 80°, 1 cc. of dimethylglyoxime reagent added, and then AgNO3 solution dropwise until a permanent white or pink precipitate formed. The more concentrated solutions thus treated gave at once pink precipitates; the more dilute ones white precipitates which turned pink on standing. In those solutions which required more than one hour to form a precipitate the exact time required for the pink colour to appear was not recorded. In these cases the samples were observed after standing twenty-four hours. In the extreme dilutions of the simple ion the precipitate was frequently a single red crystal, very minute and difficult to see. 0.0005 0'00005 0'00001 TABLE I. Molar conc. NiSO4. K2Ni(CN)4. Immediate Immediate I hour 3 mins. 24 hours 5 mins. 0'000009 24 hours 10 mins. 0'000008 24 hours 20 mins. 0000007 24 hours 30 mins. 0.000006 24 hours I hour 0 000005 24 hours 24 hours 0'000004 No ppt. 24 hours 0'000003 No ppt. 0 000002 No ppt. Mg.Niper cc. 0'02934 Dilution. 1:0 034 X 106 0 002934 1:0 34 XIC6 0.000587 1:17 X 106 0.000528 1:19 X 106 0'000470 1:2:13 X 106 0'000411 1:2:43 × 106 0'000352 1:2:84 X106 0.000293 1:34 X 106 0000235 1:4:26 × 106 No pink colour o 000176 1:53 X106 No pink colour 0 000117 From the results tabulated in Table I. it appears that the proposed modification shortens considerably the time required for the precipitate of nickel glyoximine to become visible, and also makes possible the detection of somewhat smaller concentrations of the nickel ion. Apparently this is due to increased concentration of these ions by adsorp tion upon the precipitated silver cyanide. As evidence in favour of this view it may be noted that we found that precipitation of silver chloride in extremely dilute solutions of the nickel ion and dimethylglyoxime was equally effective in hastening formation of the pink nickel glyoximine, while precipitation of a positive colloid, such as aluminium hydroxide, had no effect whatever. Since both silver cyanide and silver cobalticyanide are white, the red nickel glyoximine is readily seen as a pink tint in the white precipitate and the delicacy of the reagent is increased. Oxidation of Cobaltocyanide to Cobalticyanide.-When KCN is added to a solution of a cobalt salt, brownish white Co(CN)2 is precipitated and then redissolved to a greenish brown solution of K,Co(CN)6. When warmed this changes soon to a pale yellow colour, and the colour change is frequently assumed in manuals of analysis to indicate completion of oxidation. When AgNO3 was added soon after the colour change took place, we found that the solutions darkened and dark grey precipitates were formed, while solutions which had stood for several hours after cyanide was added did not darken, and gave pure white precipitates. When one of the darkened solutions became distinctly opalescent we inferred that some silver ion had been reduced by cobaltocyanide which was still present, according to the reaction K4Co(CN)6+AgNO3 K3Co(CN)6 + Ag+KNO3. By adding silver nitrate solution to freshly prepared solutions of cobaltocyanide we found that this reaction takes place very slowly in cold but rapidly in hot solutions. When the silver nitrate was added dropwise the hot solutions first became lighter in colour, then gradually turned orange, and darkened until a grey precipitate was formed. If the addition of silver nitrate was stopped when the orange tint appeared no precipitate formed, but the solution darkened on standing and became opalescent due to the formation of colloidal silver. This reaction was found to be regularly reproducible in solutions of cobaltocyanide not less than 0.005 M. = The procedure and final volume of solution were the same as in the experi- We next investigated the time required after the colour | proportions of cobalt were studied. change to complete the oxidation, taking the failure to form metallic silver as ev.dence that oxidation was essentially complete. Ten cc. portions of o.1 M COSO4 were treated in casseroles with just enough KCN to dissolve the precipitates, heated nearly to boiling, and continuously rotated in the casseroles for a definite time to hasten oxidation. The solutions were diluted to 100 cc. with water at 85°, and silver nitrate was added dropwise with vigorous stirring. All solutions which had been warmed less than five minutes gave colloidal silver or dark precipitates; those heated for at least this period did not darken, and gave pure white precipitates. Presumably the time required increases with the amount of cobalt. Gauhe (loc. cit.) showed that the oxidation of cobaltocyanide requires considerable time, but his experiments appear to have been forgotten. Detection of Silver in Cobalt Salts.-We next determined the minimum amount of nickel that could be detected in varying amounts of cobait salts by our silver method, and, for comparison, by two of the older methods, Treadwell's and that of Liebig-Gauhe. A. The Silver Method.-Definite volumes of solutions of NISO, and CoSO4 of known concentration were measured from burettes into a casserole, KCN was added until the precipitate just dissolved, and the solution heated and rotated for five minutes after the change of colour was noted. The solution was then diluted with water at 85° to 50 cc., I cc. of dimethylglyoxime solution was added, and then silver nitrate dropwise with constant stirring until a permanent precipitate was produced. The time required for the pink colour of nickel glyoximine to appear was observed. In cases where the time exceeded one hour observations were made at the end of twenty four hours. The results appear in Table II. NiSO4 TABLE II. Vol.cc. Conc. molar. Mgrm Ratio Results. 1: 206 Red precipitate 1 hr. 1: 231 0'0005 1 : 185) 9 0'0005 0 264 8 C. The Liebig-Gauhe Method.-Ten c. portions of CoSO4, 00921 M, with varying amounts of NISO4 were treated with a slight excess of KCN over that required to dissolve the precipitate, and heated and rotated until complete oxidation of the cobaltocyanide had taken place. They were then diluted to 50 cc., and freshly prepared sodium hypobromite solution was added. Atter the precipitate had flocculated it was filtered off, washed, dissolved in dilute HCl, neutralised with ammonia, and tested for Ni with dimethylglyoxime. TABLE VI. 1: 925 Ni mgrm. Ratio NiSO4, 0'0005 M cc. Yol.cc. Molar conc. Ni: CO. 9 ΙΟ 0'0005 0.0293 20 mins. 30 mins. 24 hours 2:5 0'0001 00137 1:3702 1:3 65 × 106 24 hours (In each experiment 10 cc. CoSO, o'0921 M, equivalent to 54 31 mgrms. Co was used). Taking the minimum amount of nickel, o'0205 mgrm., which could be detected in cobalt within thirty minutes, we studied the effect of larger proportions of cobalt. The procedure and final total volumes were the same as in the preceding experiments. The results are shown in Tale III., and indicate that the sensitiveness of the test is not appreciably impaired by the presence of large amounts of cobalt. TABLE III. 25 30 B. The Treadwell Method.-Ten cc. portions of 00921 M COSO4, equivalent to 5431 mgrms. Co, with varying small amounts of NiSO4 were warmed with concentrated ammonia until a clear solution was obtained, hydrogen peroxide was added, and the solutions were heated till excess of peroxide and ammonia was removed, diluted to 50 cc., I cc. of dimethylglyoxime solution was added, and the time required for the precipitate of nickel glyoximine to appear was observed. The results are given in Table IV. Taking the minimum amount of nickel that could be detected in one hour, o 235 mgrm., the effect of larger None 0'059 0'029 None 1: 309 1: 1850 Black precipitate no Ni These figures do not adequately convey the relative merits of the three methods, for it should be noted that the Liebig-Gauhe method requires a confirmatory test to make the results quite reliable; the Treadwell method failed to show the stated minimum amount of nickel when so little as 231 times as much cobalt as nickel was present; while the silver method appears to retain its full sensitiveness in presence of any amount of cobalt; moreover, it increases the sensitiveness of dimethylglyoxime about eight times, and is able to detect within twenty-four hours less than o 002 mgrm. of nickel in a volume of 50 cc. Summary. I. A modified method of using dimethylglyoxime for detecting traces of nickel in cobalt salts is proposed which (a) avoids the use of large amounts of this rather costly reagent; (b) makes possible the detection of considerably smaller quantities of nickel than has been possible heretofore. 2. The sensitiveness of the test is shown to be unaffected by the presence of cobalt even in large quantities. The proposed method increases the ordinary sensitiveness of dimethylglyoxime about eight times, and is capable of detecting about one-fifth the amount of nickel detectable by any of the previously known methods.-Journal of the American Chemical Society, xxxvii., No. 9. THE PROTECTION OF THE MILK SUPPLY.* THE four separate ways in for disease or ill-health. sidered. Chemical Impoverisation. The existing chemical standards and how far they effect their object. Suggested which milk may be responsible Each must be separately con alterations. - Tuberculosis spread by Milk.-The extent of the evil and its importance. The double nature of the problemthe elimination of bovine tuberculosis and the prevention of human tuberculosis from infected milk. Critical con sideration as to how far the Milk and Dairies Act, 1914, and the Tuberculosis Regulations if re-enacted will give effective control. The Conditions Necessary for Success. Acute Infectious Diseases spread by Milk.—The diseases spread by milk. The additional control under the Milk and Dairies Act, 1914, and the necessary additions. General Bacterial Contamination and the Production of Clean Milk.-The essentials of the problem. Why existing conditions are so unsatisfactory. The lines of reform. The position of bacteriological examinations in ensuring cleanliness. Value compared with systematic sanitary inspections. Existing arrangements for distribu tion and the substitution of active participation by the Local Urban Authorities. The effect of efficient milk control upon the quantity and price of milk. The im portance of distinguishing between cost of production and cost of supervision. A large share of the latter should be from Treasury funds. If this is done the cost of production should not be materially increased. The extent to which improvements in the protection of the milk supply can be effected during the war and the steps which should be introduced after peace has been re-established. PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. ROYAL SOCIETY. Sir J. J. THOMSON, O.M., President, in the Chair. PAPERS were read as follows: "On the Structure and Devel:pment of the Tubular Enamel of the Sparida and Labridæ." By J. H. Mum MERY, D.Sc. The author endeavours to show that the enamel of sparidæ and labrida is a true tubular structure. Stains can be made to enter the tubes and traverse their finest branches. The molar teeth of the sargus, which lie beneath the teeth in wear and are about to be erupted, show a very copious staining of the enamel over large areas, which in teeth further advanced to eruption become contracted until the narrow tubes characteristic of the functional tooth only are seen. This suggests a calcifying * Abstract of Lecture delivered at the Royal Institute of Public Health, on February 28, 1917. 105 function of the tubes, which show rows of granules in many places. The continuation of the calcifying process is rendered possible by the attachment of a pellicle of the enamel organ to the surface, which at the margins is in communication with the circulating blood, and a study of the developing teeth shows that there is a regular arrangement of blood vessels within the enamel organ. The first portion of enamel laid down is formed by ameloblast cells, but in the later stages, as shown by C. Tomes in the Gadidae, the ameloblas:s disappear and a stroma takes their place. The author has shown that the tubes in this stroma lie alternate to the blood vessels, which are enclosed in sheaths, and processes connect them with one another, enclosing spaces or alveoli between them containing small nuclei and granules, the whole evidently forming a secreting organ. In the labrida the conversion of the enamel organ into a true secreting organ is still more evident, for in the American black fish (Tautoga) true tubular glands are seen surroundiag the tubes containing the blood vessels, and ducts pass from them into the delicate stroma in which the enamel is being calcified. of true glandular structures in these fish lends strong conThe existence of a regular system of vascular tubes and formation generally, combined, however, with the confirmation to the view of the secretory nature of enamel version of a portion of the cells of the enamel organ into the organic matrix of the calcified tissue. "The Distribution in Wheat, Rice, and Maize Grains of the Substance the Deficiency of which in a Diet causes Polyneuritis in Birds and Ler-Beri_in_Man." By. HARRIETTE CHICK and E. M. M. HUME. "The Effect of Exposure to Temperature at or above 100° C. upon the Substance (Vitamine) whose Deficiency in a Diet causes Polyneuritis in Birds and Beri-Beri in Man." By HARRIETTE CHICK and E. M. M. HUME. SOCIETY OF GLASS TECHNOLOGY. W. F. J. WOOD, B.Sc., President, in the Chair. PREVIOUS to the meeting several series of glasses made from British sands were exhibited by Mr. C. J. PEDDLE, M.Sc., F.C.S. The effect of w.shing and grading was amply illustrated, and the fact that good colourless glass can be made from certain British sands after proper treatment was well brought out. Alongside the glasses were specimens of the various sands before and after treatment. The value of the exhibit was enhanced by a splendid set of micro-photographs, the work or Mr. Wilfred R. Baiker, showing the grading of sands and illustrating the value of washing. The following papers were read: "The Annealing of Glass." By F. TWYMAN. The author pointed cut that want of annealing in glass leading to fracture was due to the presence of internal stress. Glass behaves at all temperatures as a viscous liquid, and exhibits a continuous and gradual variation in viscosity from almost zero at high ten peratures to almost infinity at o° C. In molten glass there is no permanent internal stress, whilst at ordinary temperatures glass is almost perfectly elastic so that stress cannot originate at either high or low temperatures. At high temperatures internal stresses, if any, die away very quickly, but where glass acts as an elastic solid, there is a region where between this high temperature and the low temperature, internal stress may take several minutes or even hours to die away. It is this region of temperature which is important in annealing, and care must be exercised in cooling a glass object through its "annealing range" in order to free it from internal stress. The author described the method employed to determine the annealing temperature of various glasses, and then showed that the mobility (i.e., inverse viscosity) of glass doubled for each 8° C. rise in temperature. For tempera tures near the annealing temperature of glass the following formula has been proved correct :— where M is the mobility, k is a constant, and the tem perature in °C. Results were given showing the rapid rise of mobility with rise of temperature. Thus, a certain glass kept at 420° C. required a period of eighty-three hours for internal stress to disappear, whilst at 580° C. the same glass was freed from stress in o'3 second. temperature, i.e., the temperature at which stress easily The actual annealing disappears and yet low enough not to cause deformation of the object, differs widely for various glasses. It is a matter of wide importance to the manufacturer to know the annealing temperature of his glass. For example, suppose the annealing temperature of a glass is 500° C., i.e., stress will almost disappear from the glass at this temperature in about three minutes, then if the glass is held at 420° C. it would require forty-five hours to anneal. whilst if kept at 580° C. it would probably go out of shape, Considerable discussion ensued, the relative value of long and short lehrs, and the possibility of annealing different glasses at the same time being touched upon in particular. "Annealing." By S. ENGLISH. The demand from manufacturers as to improvements in processes of annealing, coupled with anomalous results obtained for the coefficient of thermal expansion of glass which was known to be strained had led to an investigation on annealing. In the first place some knowledge of the rate of annealing at various temperatures was sought, and with this end in view small glass rods were heated at the required temperature in an electric furnace, observations being carried out by means of a special apparatus built up of two Nicol prisms and a system of lenses. The well-known rings and cross as seen in an uniaxial crystal were always observed in the rod under experiment, and as the experiment proceeded the rings expanded and passed from the circle of light, the rate at which they disappeared being a measure of the rate af annealing at that temperature. Several lantern slides were shown illustrating the appearance of the rod as annealing proceeded, and results were given for several glasses. For example, the times necessary for the last four rings to disappear in the case a chemical resistant glass were for various temperatures ollows: results in close agreement, and prove that the annealing temperature of glass is considerably below the temperature of actual softening. The next meeting of the Society will be held in Birmingham on Thursday, March 15, at 2 p.m., when papers will be read on the question of the construction of glass furnaces. THE INSTITUTE OF METALS. will be held in the rooms of the Chemical Society, Bur- Wednesday, March 21 (at 8 p.m.). General Meeting of Members in the Lecture Hall of the will be presented by the Chairman. The Honorary Treasurer, Mr. A. E. Seaton, will present his report. The results of the Ballots for the Council for 1917 and for the election of new Members will be declared. and discussed: The following communications will be read in abstract "General Properties of Stampings and Chill Castings in Brass of Approximately 60/40 Composition." By Owen W. Ellis, B.Sc. (London). "Machining Properties of Brass." By Owen W. Ellis, B.Sc. (London). "Surface Tension and Cohesion in Metals and Alloys." By Sidney W. Smith, B.Sc., A.R.S.M. (London). "Aluminium Production by Electrolysis: A Note on the Mechanism of the Reaction." By R. Seligman, Ph.Nat. D. (London). "Annealing of Nickel Silver" (Part II.) By F. C. Thompson, D.Met., B.Sc. (Sheffield). Thursday, March 22 (at 4.30 p.m.). General Meeting of Members in the Lecture Hall of the and discussed:- "Metal Melting as Practised at the Royal Mint." By "Coal Gas as a Fuel for the Melting of Non-ferrous Alloys." By G. B, Brook (Sheffield). "High Pressure Gas Melting." By C. M. Walter, M.Sc. (Birmingham). "Contribution to Metal Melting Discussion." By H. M. Thornton (London) and H. Hartley, M.Sc. (London). "An Electric Resistance Furnace for Melting in "Ideals and Limitations in the Melting of Non-ferrous Members intending to take part in the discussion of any the meeting on application to the Secretary, subject to the of the above can be supplied with a copy a week before operation of the regulations restricting the use of paper. Copies of the communications, it is hoped, will be available at the meeting for the use of members, and those who application, with a copy of any communication of which are unable to attend will subsequently be supplied, on prints remain. CHEMICAL NEWS,} March 2, 1917 Newspapers Patriotic Tobacco Fund. 107 In order that as much time as possible shall be available | reactions given at the ends of the chapters are often of a for discussion, communications will be read in abstract very useful nature, and to answer them satisfactorily the only. ten minutes being allowed to the author for that student would frequently have to exercise a good deal of purpose, unless otherwise decided by the Chairman. ingenuity. Each speaker will be limited to five minutes in the discussion, unless the time should be extended by the Chairman. Speakers who are unable to give more than a summary of their views in the time available may send a written statement to the Secretary for publication in the June issue of the Journal. Such statement must be in the hands of the Secretary not later than noon on April 21, 1917. New Offices. The attention of members is particularly called to the fact that the address of the Institute has been changed to 36, Victoria Sstreet, London, S.W., on account of Caxton House having been commandeered by the War Office. The telephone number remains unchanged. The new offices are more extensive and quieter than those vacated. In view of the increased rental of the new offices the Council feel that it is very desirable that there should be a speedy increase in the membership. It is hoped, therefore, that members will do their utmost to secure new members, in connection with the election of whom a meeting of the Council will be held on March 14. All Membership applications that are found to be in order will be included in the ballot papers to be issued to Members on March 15, and the result of the ballot will be declared at the London Meeting on March 21. All Candidates for Membership whose forms are in the Secretary's hands before March 14 will be entitled to take part in the Proceedings at the London Meeting. A special membership booklet, which has been prepared by the Council as a suitable means for introducing the work of the Institute to those who are eligible for membership, will be forwarded with pleasure, on application being made to the Secretary. The booklet contains a considerable amount of information regarding the Institute, as well as a Membership Application Form. A Membership Form will also be found at the end of the forthcoming volume of the Journal (Vol. XVI.), which will be issued to Members early in March. (A similar Form appears at the end of Vol. XIV.). It might be pointed out to possible Members that their first subscription carries with it Membership until June 30, 1918. May Lecture.-The Seventh Annual May Lecture will be given at the Institution of Civil Engineers, Great George Street, Westminster, S. W., on Thursday, May 3, 1917, at 8.30 p.m., by Prof. W. E. Dalby, M.A., F.R.S., on "Researches made possible by the Autographic LoadExtension Optical Indicator." net. NOTICES OF BOOKS. Decennial Index of the Analyst. Vols. XXXI.-XL. (1906– THE preparation of the "Decennial Index of the Analyst CORRESPONDENCE. THE NEWSPAPERS PATRIOTIC TOBACCO FUND. To the Ediior of the Chemical News. SIR,-The question in everyone's mind at the present moment is whether our fine fellows at the front are going to win through to victory in 1917. We all hope they are, and we at home must support them in every way we can. The particular work which this Fund has taken upon itself is to supply our men on active service abroad with tobacco and cigarettes-comforts which are perhaps more appreciated than anything else. We have already collected, with the valuable assistance of newspapers throughout the country, over £32,000, every penny of which has been spent on the purchase of smokes, and smokes alone. But, unfortunately, cigarettes do not last long. Men at the front do not get anything like enough. Out there they need to smoke ever so much more than they did at Elementary Qualitative Analysis. By BENTON DALES, home. A cigarette is their chief solace and comfort. Ph.D., and OSCAR LEONARD BARNEBY, Ph.D. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. London: Chapman and Hall, Ltd. 1916. Pp. vii+205. Price 5s. 6d. THIS addition to the many books which are to be procured on the subject of elementary qualitative analysis presents some useful features, while showing no marked novelty or originality. The usual tests for common acids and bases are described, and schemes are given for the idenlification cf unknowns, with some hints for shortening work by short cuts and incidental observations, the student being trained to think for himself and to work intelligently. On the whole, the experimental details are sufficiently full, although an exception must be made to this statement in the case of the examination of the emission spectra of substances, about which very scanty information is given. The questions on typical separations and miscellaneous We are therefore making a further appeal-and we trust it will be a final one-to enable us to augment the very meagre supplies the men receive through the authorities. Every shilling contributed to our fund sends about a week's supply to some brave fellow. The parcel contains 50 good cigarettes and a packet of splendid smoking tobacco, purchased at in bond duty-free prices. parcels are taken to the front free of charge through the kind co-operation of the authorities. The A £5 donation will send a week's supply to 100 men, and a contributor can nominate the battalion and regiment which is to benefit. £50 will send a week's supply to every man in a battalion. A pleasant feature of our plan is the enclosing in every shilling parcel of an acknowledgment postcard addressed back to the donor, thereby forming a link of friendship between the giver and each soldier. |