Meineke's 'Frag. Com. Græc.,' vol. ii. Mr. F. St. John Thackeray includes them, with a note, in his 'Anthologia Græca.' The first two lines are quoted as Susarion's by Diomedes Scholasticus, and are to be found elsewhere. Suidas. gives them in two places (col. 2756 and col. 3596, Gaisford) as a proverb. EDWARD BENSLY. No. 7 is attributed to Susarion (fl. 580-60 B.C.), and is said to be the oldest extant fragment of Greek comedy. Meineke, Com. Vet. Fragm.' (Didot, 1894), gives Forthwith she call'd for sword and pistol, With his fair one in his hand. When the Captain com'd for to hear on't And quickly made her first lieutenant At 6 S. ii. 368 (6 Nov., 1880) the late MR. BRANDER MATTHEWS inquired about 'Billy Taylor was a Gay Young Fellow,' and referred to The Illustrated London News of 2 Oct., 1880, in which Mr. G. A. Sala states, in Echoes of the Week,' that this song was written by Sheridan. The following is what Mr. Sala says on the subject : In the prefatory remarks by D. G.' to the late Mr. J. B. Buckstone's Nautical Burlesque Burletta of Billy Taylor, or the Gay Young Fellow,' first produced at the Adelphi Theatre on Nov. 9, 1829, allusion is made to the Billy Taylor' of Sheridan as a whimsy thrown off in one of those joyous moments which gladdened the heart of that eccentric genius.' 'D. G.' obscurely hints that Sheridan might have owed his inspiration to some such long obsolete lyrics as 'Constant Betty's Garland,' 'The Young Man's Resolution to go to Sea by reason of his False Love,' or 'The Politic Sailor, or the London Miss Outwitted.' There is a theatrical tradition that the sublime Sarah Siddons was very fond of singing 'Billy Taylor.' See also 3 S. v. 172, 223, as to Latin translations of this and other comic songs. "D. G." is George Daniel, who reversed his initials and usually signed " D. G." HARRY B. POLAND. Inner Temple. The lines are from the last stanza of the ballad of 'Billee Taylor.' In Dublin Translations (Longmans, 1890) is a version of this ballad with a rendering in Latin elegiacs by Prof. R. Y. Tyrrell. A weaker variant is given in 'Modern Street Ballads,' by J. Ashton (Chatto & Windus, 1888), in which the girl's name is Sarah Naylor of Lichfield. H. K. ST. J. S. The lines quoted occur in the last verse of the one-time famous comic song 'Billy Taylor.' When I was a lad, in the fifties of last century, this was emphatically the most popular song of the day, helped as it was by a catchy tune and a "tol-de-rol" chorus. The words are printed in The Universal Songster; or, Museum of Mirth' (Routledge, n.d.), vol. i. p. 65, with a characteristic cut by George Cruikshank, representing the captain bestowing upon the maiden the reward about which J. R. C. H. inquires. It appears also in 'The Cyclopædia of Popular Songs' (Tegg, n.d.), vol. ii. p. 194. RICHARD Welford. Newcastle-upon-Tyne. "A MUTATION OF THROSTLES" (11 S. i. 70). In reply to H. P. L. I now supply a copy of my note on the subject. The reference (given on p. 119 of my paper Proper Terms,' Trans. Philological Society, 1907-1910: Pt. III, 1908-9, Kegan Paul) is to Science Gossip, 1 Aug., 1867, p. 189, and therein Mr. J. B.Waters writes to explain the phenomenon (i.e., "new legs for old," for the happy thrush) by stating that it is virtually a superabundant growth of old scales, which is very excessive, and that "the scales of the legs increase to a prodigious size, often being five or six times as large as the ordinary legs, and, taking a downward growth, frequently overhang the feet, and in some instances prevent the bird from standing on a level surface. These scales becoming extremely dry, they are by the slightest accident detached from the leg as far as the knee-joint; the scales at that part being smaller, and the skin more flexible, allow the mass of scales, still retaining the shape of the original legs, to remain suspended. The legs after being divested of their old scales appear extremely thin, and quite pale; and to any person that does not make such an examination as they should, but arrive at a hasty conclusion that the bird has four legs, and that the cast-off scales, which are so much the largest, must be the old legs, are very likely to be deceived themselves and misguide others," &c. JOHN HODGKIN. ་ APSSEN COUNTER (10 S. xii. 349).—Would not this be a counting-table, or counter, made of the wood of the aspen tree, or trembling poplar, a wood sometimes used in the construction of some lighter articles of daily utility? A passage from a will quoted in the 'H.E.D.,' s.v. Counter,' II. 3, and contemporary with that given by MR. LUCAS, is as follows: 'One fetherbed....standing in the westmost chamber and the best counter, that is in the same chamber (Wills and Inv. N.C.,' Surtees, ii. 306). J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL. 22 W. McM. "EARTH GOETH UPON EARTH (11 S. i. 48). -This verse is taken from an old poem of which a version is given in E. K. Chambers and F. Sidgwick's Early English Lyrics,' p. 171. This version consists of five stanzas only; the fourth of them runs as follows :He that gose appon erthe gleterande as golde, Erthe gos appon erthe as golde appon golde. Like as erthe never more go to erthe scholde, And yitt schall erthe unto erthe ga rathere than he wolde. There is a long editorial note upon the poem, containing references to twelve different versions, one of which runs to twenty-seven stanzas, and to "a corrupt copy of one verse" said by Guest (History of English Rhythms,' ed. Skeat, 1882) to have been discovered by Sir Walter Scott on a tombstone at Melrose. The version given Perry, Religious Pieces,' E.E.T.S. (1867), in the collection I refer to is printed by C. C. B. 95. In Rosherville Gardens, in the early sixties, the following admonitory notice might have been seen displayed on a painted board in one of the flower-beds : Earth turns to Earth sooner than it wolde; Shooters' Hill, Kent. Many years ago I saw a monumental tablet in Beddington Church, Surrey, to the memory of a parishioner named Hill or Greenhill (I forget which). The date of it Fournier, a baker. "Four, an oven. "Fourneau, a little oven. "Fournée de pain, a batch or oven full of bread." Mayhew and Skeat, Concise Dict. M.E. (1888), say : Soure, adj., sour, acid. Sour-douz, leaven. Souren, to sour." In combination: 6 Liber The following passage from the "One yoman furnour also in this office, making The fourneur was thus the man in charge of the four, or oven; the soureur mixed the yeast or leaven with the flour; and the white-hewe was probably the man who was responsible for cutting up the dough (or white ?) into the proper-sized pieces, so that the loaves turned out of the prescribed weight when baked. 2 There are many interesting details in the "Office of * Liber Niger regarding the JOHN HODGKIN. Bakehouse." "ADOXOGRAPHY": 66 22 66 'DOXOGRAPHICAL (10 S. xii. 387).-The former word, with the still uglier adoxographical," would seem Some years to be of transatlantic origin. ago I drew attention (9 S. xi. 425) to the use of the adjective in an American periodical (The American Journal of Philology, xxiii. 393). The sentence which I then quoted confirms MR. MAYHEW'S surmise as to the meaning. "doxo In I have made acquaintance with " also in an American writer. graphical the preface to Leonard's edition of the tragments of Empedocles (Chicago, 1908) the following sentence is to be found : "The introduction and notes are intended merely to illustrate the text: they touch only incidentally on the doxographical material, and give thus by no means a complete account of all sophy.' it is possible to know about Empedocles's philolikewise doxographer The substantive occurs more than once in the same book. The meaning presumably is "a writer on doctrine," whether as historian or critic. 22 But surely the words are not really required, GODFREY SYKES (11 S. i. 46).-W. C. B. states, and no doubt correctly, that this ton, MR. JOHN COLLINS artist was born in 1824. FRANCIS, in reviewing the history of The Cornhill Magazine (10 S. xii. 481), writes: "The cover was designed by Mr. Godfrey Sykes, a young student at South Kensinga former pupil of 22 Permit me, as Mr. Sykes's, to point out that, so far from being a young student" in 1860, he was thirty-six years of age, and had then, for a considerable period, occupied the position It was about that date he resigned the of second master at the Sheffield School of Art. post, having accepted the position of chief designer and general controller of the internal decorations then recently begun at South Kensington Museum. In The Sheffield Independent for April 19, 1902, amongst some personal recollections of my own relative to the local School of Art, there occurs the following reference to Godfrey Sykes :— The Volunteer fever in Sheffield, being at its height, we started a corps of Engineers in the old School, and selected the head master (young Once while exhibitions of bellicose effervescence, but for the culture and pursuit of Art in her highest and most ennobled forms.' The incident took place a good many years ago, but, so nearly as I remember, those were very much his exact words. In schoolboy slang Sykes was a very 'big pot' -both in dress and manner. "As a matter of fact, I was the last pupil in the Sheffield School of Art whose work Godfrey Sykes ever supervised. He was intent in kindly pointing out the shortcomings in a study I had taken to him for supervision at the very moment the clock struck nine upon the eve of his departure to London. That was the hour the School closed. So presently afterwards we all grouped in the big Elementary Room and presented him with an inscribed silver crayon-holder, as well as some other little tokens of remembrance. Then final adieus were mutually and regretfully said. next day this singularly endowed and gifted artist left for South Kensington Museum, where, having distinctly made his mark in designing and superintending the execution of much splendid decorative work, he passed over, all too early, to the great majority." Fair Park, Exeter. The HARRY HEMS. "SHALGHAM-ZAI," ANGLO-INDIAN TERM (10 S. x. 448).—In looking through recent volumes of N. & Q.' I have come across MR. PLATT'S query, which, I find, has not been answered. There is, as far as I am aware, no legend or historical fact connected with the term "shalgham-zai," applied jocularly to the natives of Cashmere. Their partiality for turnips is, I believe, real. I have heard many Pathans speak of them as shalgham-Khor," i.e. turnipeaters. 66 66 I do not see, however, why it should be 51, Ladbroke Road, W. CHAUCER: NAMES OF CHARACTERS IN 'THE SQUIRE'S TALE' (11 S. i. 50). Had your correspondent consulted my Notes, he need not have asked the questions. In the Preface to my edition of The Prioresses Tale,' &c., and again in my edition of Chaucer's works, I explain how Col. Yule proved that Cambuscan is one of the many varieties of Chinghis Khan which in Tartar meant "Great Khan " king"; also, that Camballo was certainly suggested by Cambaluc, which was not really a man's name, but the old name of Pekin, for Kaan-baligh, i.e., "city of the Khan." 66 66 2 66 "COMPOSTELA (10 S. xii. 27).—Rogue Barcía in his comprehensive Diccionario Etimológico (Madrid, 1880-83, 5 vols.) only Monquotes the following derivation from lau 22: Compostela, i.e. Eufonizacion ó corrupcion del Latin Campus stellæ, ó Campo de la estrella, porque la luz de una estrella, señaló en un campo el lugar donde estaba el cuerpo del apóstol Santiago." The Spanish name of the Apostle James (the patron saint of Spain) has four different forms, viz., Jacóbo, Santiago, Jaime, and Diego. H. KREBS. SIR C. W. STRICKLAND AND TOM BROWN (11 S. i. 64).-All the statements concerning the late Sir Charles Strickland and Tom Brown's Schooldays' in the newspaper cutting given at the above reference are mythical. Sir Charles was not in the School or great House, and was four years younger than A. P. Stanley. As to the 66 characters ?? in the book, Tom Hughes always said that Dr. Arnold was the only portrait. The famous fight was an incident in which the book follows the fact more closely than in others. Both the combatants are still living, and one of the seconds. The other second was Tom Hughes himself. For almost all that can be said on the subject of the inci As to Algarsif and Elpheta, we must wait till we know more about Chaucer's sources. Mere guessing is more mischievous than helpful. WALTER W. SKEAT. dents and characters seeNotes on "Tom "SUCKET" (10 S. xii. 443).-I had already conjectured in my 'Folk-Etymology, 1882, pp. 378, 653, what PROF. SKEAT has now fairly shown, that this word was derived from sugar (Scot. sucker). It seems to have got mixed up with It. zuccata, a slice of A. SMYTHE PALMER. pumpkin (ibid.). 22 Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. - Vol. I. Books I.-XII. The Iliad of Homer. Translated by E. H. Blakeney. (Bell & Sons.) THIS is one of the new series of "Bohn's Libraries," which had not the happiest of traditions for classical scholars. Now, however, all is changed, and the present translator gives us a version of considerable literary merit, using the English of the Authorized Version and Elizabethan writers un generally. The result is a rendering usually of Mr. Blakeney is something of a poet himself, The words ære perennius" are quoted in the Introduction. This is natural enough, but we think it would have been better to use English instead. Horace's phrase will be Greek to many a general reader nowadays. The English language is capable of expressing all that need be said on an occasion like this, and we feel that if the classics are to be revived, those who are charged with the business should carefully reflect on the limitations of the readers to whom they appeal, both in using Latin phrases, and in searching for English which is natural as well as literary. A classical scholar might say "devising English that would be a Homeric turn of language, but one which we should regard nowadays as unnatural. : The whole subject is full of difficulties, and Mr. Blakeney has mastered them so well that we look forward with pleasure to his second volume. His rendering is clearly a labour of love. We end with a mere query whether a tendency to blank verse in several passages is desirable. ANOTHER excellent addition to the same series is The Plays of Eschylus, translated from a revised text by Walter Headlam and C. E. S. Headlam. Readers are fortunate nowadays to secure in a popular series the work of one of the most distinguished of younger Greek scholars, who died, alas! before the fruits of much of his work could come to maturity. Walter Headlam's versions of five of the plays have been already published, and here his brother, also an excellent scholar, finishes off the work by adding The Persians' and The Seven against Thebes.' "The object of these prose translations," says the Prefatory Note, "is to enable those who know some Greek to read the Greek of Eschylus correctly," and the expert will find much to interest him in the notes added as to text, meaning, and parallels. The late Dr. Headlam had a range of erudition which always made his work remarkable. The last twenty years, as he notes, have done much for the text and interpretation of Eschylus, of which the present volume supplies an excellent summary. The general reader should not, however, be warned off the book by the fact that it contains much only for the advanced scholar. The versions here printed are much better reading for He will get some the average man than the literal doggerel which used to be placed before him. idea of the style of Eschylus-the grandest style in literature. We give a passage from the Agamemnon' in which one of the Elders speaks of the fire-signals from Troy : "We shall soon know about these beaconings of light-bearing torches and these passings-on of fire, whether they be true, or whether this light came only with a dream-like joy to cheat our sense :-I see a Herald yonder coming from the shore beneath the shade of olive-branches :-and by Mire's consorting sister, thirsty Dust, I am assured of this, he shall not make you sign without a voice or by kindling flame of mountain timber with mere smoke, but with express words shall make either joy more plain, or else—but with the alternative I have no patience now; may fair result appear to cap fair witness visible!" A small matter, but one of considerable practical importance, is that the numbers of the Greek lines in tens are marked at the side of the English text. Kelly's Handbook to the Titled, Landed, and Official Classes (Kelly's Directories) is a compact and useful guide with a wide range of information. The publishers, in accordance with their excellent practice, submit the proof of every entry to the person to whom it has reference, and we regret to see that their care in this respect meets in many cases with no return of details. is a good deal of varied merit and interest in the landed classes, which have pedigrees as good as those of the peers, and are, we imagine, a far more operative class. There To The Fortnightly Review Mr. J. L. Garvin contributes his usual vigorous summary of the Elections Imperial and Foreign Affairs : Another political article and their Meaning.' is The Labour Party and the Future: an Address to Workmen,' by Mr. Maurice Hewlett, who has already appeared as a political letter-writer in The Daily Chronicle. He says that working-men by a general strike could always prevent war |