Grammar and Meaning: A Semantic Approach to English GrammarRoutledge, 11 cze 2014 - 312 Grammar and Meaning is an introduction to the study of grammar of contemporary English. It provides an impressive survey of all the main areas of English grammar, from words through to sentences and texts. It introduces and explains the linguistic terms needed to talk about the ways in which language works, from simple terms like adjective to more complex terms like non-finite clause. To meet the needs of both students and scholars, Howard Jackson has produced an innovative approach to the study of English grammar. Instead of concentrating on the formal and theoretical discussion of grammar, as many introductions do, this original analysis examines the 'meanings' we want to express when we use language. Beginning with the question, "What do we talk about?", it goes on to investigate how these meanings are structured in the grammar of English. These notions are closer to our ordinary understanding of what language is doing, and therefore the forms and structures of grammar are more easily grasped. The book is extensively illustrated with examples from real English. With analytical exercises in each chapter and a comprehensive glossary of terms, the book will prove and invaluable aid to students of English language, linguistics and English as a Foreign Language, whilst also being accessible to anyone who studies English grammar as part of their course. |
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Strona 34
... ( usually ) human agent ; events occur without a human instigator being involved . Look at the examples in [ 23 ] to [ 26 ] below , which illustrate four different types of event . [ 23 ] In this modern age very few of those reminders of ...
... ( usually ) human agent ; events occur without a human instigator being involved . Look at the examples in [ 23 ] to [ 26 ] below , which illustrate four different types of event . [ 23 ] In this modern age very few of those reminders of ...
Strona 35
... usually performed by human , or at least animate , agents or instigators . They are normally the result of the exercise of a will or intention on the part of the agent . Actions are done by somebody . We can identify four types of ...
... usually performed by human , or at least animate , agents or instigators . They are normally the result of the exercise of a will or intention on the part of the agent . Actions are done by somebody . We can identify four types of ...
Strona 36
... usually accompanied by a word referring to a doer or agent . Non - agentive means that an event occurs without a human decision or intention being involved . Events and actions , though , as we have seen , do share common features ...
... usually accompanied by a word referring to a doer or agent . Non - agentive means that an event occurs without a human decision or intention being involved . Events and actions , though , as we have seen , do share common features ...
Strona 40
... usually occurs as a to - infinitive ( to take ) ; but it may occur as a ' bare ' - infinitive ( take ) , when it is identical with the present tense form . This is also the form that we have called the ' base ' form . The present ...
... usually occurs as a to - infinitive ( to take ) ; but it may occur as a ' bare ' - infinitive ( take ) , when it is identical with the present tense form . This is also the form that we have called the ' base ' form . The present ...
Strona 41
... (usually —n or —en), or by some combination of these, e.g. [54] begun bitten broken done drunk flown seen sunk stolen written We may note that, by contrast with its finite forms, the non-finite forms of be are not particularly unusual ...
... (usually —n or —en), or by some combination of these, e.g. [54] begun bitten broken done drunk flown seen sunk stolen written We may note that, by contrast with its finite forms, the non-finite forms of be are not particularly unusual ...
Spis treści
22 | |
31 | |
44 | |
Adverbs and prepositions | 84 |
Tense aspect and modality | 107 |
Determinatives and modifiers | 132 |
Sentences | 154 |
Embedded clauses | 75 |
Exercises | 95 |
Coordination and conjunction | 113 |
senders choices | 128 |
Envoi | 142 |
Exercises | 144 |
Glossary of Terms | 162 |
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adjective Adjunct adverbial clauses AFFECTED participant associated base form Chapter circumstantial co-ordinating cohesive combination Complement condition conjoiner conjunctive adverbs Consider contains context Contingency countable nouns defart definite article dew-pond discussed elements ellipsis embedded clause English Exercise expressed finite following examples following sentences future genitive identified illustrated included proposition indefinite quantifier infinitive clause inflection ing-clause introduced language LOCATIVE circumstance main clause main proposition main verb mass nouns means modal modal auxiliary verb modifiers non-finite non-finite clause noun phrase Object obligatory occur organisation paragraph participant role past participle past tense periphrastic plural pond position possessive Predicator present participle pro-adverbs progressive pron question reader realised RECIPIENT reference relating relationship relative clause relative pronoun represent result semantic role separate written unit situation type slot speaker specified structure subclass Subject subordinator talk TEMPORAL circumstance text grammar that-clause things typically usually verb forms verb word wh-clause Whitlock's article word-class writing