Telephone-Holborn 6380. Telegrams-"Bilexate, London." Vacuum tubes of all descriptions in TRANSPARENT QUARTZ GLASS Apparatus to Customers' own designs a speciality. Catalogue and Sample tube free. THE ALCHEMICAL The Silica Syndicate, Ltd., 82, Hatton Garden, London, E.0. SOCIETY was formed in 1912 for the study of the early history of Chemistry and the works and THE JOURNAL OF THE ALCHEMICAL SOCIETY, Edited by H. STANLEY REDGROVE, B Sc., F.C.S. (Author of "Alchemy: Ancient and Reprints of the 1913 Address of the Honorary President, Prof. JOHN FERGUSON, LL.D., &c., on "Some English The Annual Subscription to the Society is 12s. 6d. Members receive the Journal gratis, and those desirous of doing so, may receive Les Nouveaux Horizons, the official publication of La Société Alchimique de France, free of charge, except postage (6d. per annum). For further particulars apply to the Honorary Secretary, Mr. SIJIL ABDUL-ALI, 26, Bramshill Gardens, Dartmouth Park, London, N.W. Half page, or Whole column Quarter page, or Half column One-eighth page, or Quarter column £ s. d. 4 O 2 10 0 I 7 6 O 15 080 Business Cards, Trade and other brief Announcements, SECOND-HAND APPARATUS Where replies are to be forwarded 3d. extra should be sent. Cheques and Postal Orders to be made payable to Sir WILLIAM THE CHEMICAL NEWS, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, LONDON, E.C STEREO-PYROMETER (English Patent 10617/1905). For ascertaining any temperature from 550° C. to 2000°. No Delicate Mechanism to get out of Order. This is undoubtedly the simplest and most reliable form of Pyrometer for practical use in works. It can be used for ascertaining the temperature of : F. E. BECKER & CO., 17-27 HATTON WALL, (W. & J. GEORGE, Ltd., Successors, 1897). GENERAL TO THE CHEMICAL INDEX (Vols. 1 to 100). E.C. NEWS REDUCTION OF PRICE. IN N order to dispose of the remainder of the unsold stock, we have decided to offer the few remaining copies in hand at the greatly reduced price of £1. Orders should be sent to the MANAGER, CHEMICAL NEWS, 16, NEWCASTLE STREET, FARRINGDON STREET, LONDON, E.C. London: Printed and Published for the Proprietor by RowIN JOHN DAVEY at the Ofice 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, E.C. March 31, 1916 Chemical karst Marvard College THE CHEMICAL NEWS Edited by AND JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE Sir Wm. Crookes, O.M., F.R.S.] (WITH WHICH IS INCORPORATED THE "CHEMICAL GAZETTE"). r Established Published Weekly. Annual Subscription free by post £t. Entered at the New York Post Office as Second Class Mail Matter. Copyright Vol. 113.-No. 2941. [served Friday, April 7, 1916. MISCELLANEOUS............. MEETINGS FOR THE WEEK ............... 167 ... 168 Registered as [PRICE 44. To comply with Regulation 8 (b) of the Defence of the Realm Analyst seeks re-engagement. Long experi ence in General Analysis, Foods and Drugs, Fertilisers and Feeding-stuffs, Water, Sewage, Soils and Agricultural work ger erally. Over military age.-Address, A. B., CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C. Che hemical Student, B.Sc. (Birm.), unattached, requires Chemical Work of National importance other than munitions. Application sanctioned by Appeal Tribunal.-Details on CAPPER PASS & SON, LIM., BRISTOL, application to B. J. HARRIS, 48, St. Nicholas Street, Coventry. unior Assistant Chemist (Matriculated London), with general Analytical experience in Ores and Metals, seeks a Situation.-Address, "Metal,," CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16. Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C. manufacture of ANILINE DYES principally Azo. and Public School Boy (16), with elementary Polyazo-dyes) is willing to Sell the most valuable Receipts.-Please address, Eng. GOTTLIEB, Turist Hotel, Copenhagen, Denmark. M. SIROTINE, ODESSA, 29 STR. CHERSON SKAYA, announces that he is carrying on the trade of LABORATORY OUTFITTER Desirous of entering into business relations with English Firms, he asks to be supplied with their Catalogues of Chemical, Bacteriological, and Scientific Instruments knowledge of Chemistry, would be glad to train in Chemical manufacture and be useful in works.-Write, S. A. VASEY, Beechcroft, Burnt Ash Lane, Bromley, Kent. Chemist wanted to supervise manu. facture of Paints, Colours, and Chemicals in works situated 12 miles from London. Must be ineligible for military service. State qualifications, experience, and salary required Address, "Q.12," CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, GALVANOMETERS FOR SALE.-Ad. London, E.C. vertiser wishes to dispose of four Galvanometers which are suitable for use with thermo-couples at high temperatures. Graduated. in millivolts. For particulars address "Pyrometer," CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C. The The Proprietor of PATENT No. 15227 of the invention either by Sale of the Patent or by the grant of Licences. -Address, E. P. ALEXANDER and SON, Chartered Patent Agents, 306, High Holborn, London, W.C. Wanted in a London Laboratory, a Chemical Assistant. Must have had a good general training, and some experience of factory working would be an advantage. State experience, age, salary required, and other particulars.-Address, L. L, CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C. Wanted, Works Chemists with experience in conducting Manufacturing Processes, or young men who have CHEMICAL APPARATUS Pure Chemicals for Research Work. JOHN J. CRIFFIN & SONS, LTD., KINGSWAY, LONDON, WC. THE Secretary of the War Office has issued the following order : The public are informed that on and after Saturday, November 6th, newspapers, magazines, books, and other printed publications (other than trade circulars) will not be sent forward to neutral European countries unless posted direct from the office of publishers or newsagents who have obtained permission from the War Office for this purpose. Persons desiring to send newspapers, &c., to neutral European countries should therefore give their orders for execution to publishers or newsagents who have obtained such permission. The Publisher of the CHEMICAL NEWS has obtained the ROYAL WORCESTER Laboratory Porcelain. The National Physical Laboratory reports that Royal Worcester Laboratory Ware in regard to all the qualities which can be compared in a short-period test is as good as the best Laboratory Ware hitherto employed, of which the Royal Berlin Ware is a typical example. Royal Worcester Laboratory Porcelain is supplied by leading apparatus dealers. A Catalogue is in course of preparation. The Worcester Royal Porcelain Co., Ltd., WORCESTER, ENGLAND. CRUCIBLES, Combustion Tubes and Boats, Evaporating Basins, Beakers, Funnels, Sieve Plates, Pneumatic Troughs, &c., &c. MICA. Telephone No. 2248 Ателие. F. WIGGINS & SONS, 102/8/4, Minories, London, E. MICA MERCHANTS, Manufacturers of Mica Goods for Electrical and ALL purposes. Contractors to His Majesty's Government ALFRED JÖRGENSEN LABORATORY FOR THE PHYSIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY OF FERMENTATION. 30, FRYDENDALSYEJ, COPENHAGEN, Y., DENMARK. STUDENTS' SECTION.-For Beginners and Advanced Students with Practical (Brewers, Distillers, &c.) or Scientific purposes in view. ANALYTICAL AND PURE CULTURE SECTION.-All kinds of Research Work. Pure Cultures: Brewers', Distillers', Air, Vienna, Wine Yeast, &c.; Lactic and Acetic Ferments, Starters (for Dairies,, &c. NEW METHODS for DISTILLERIES and YEAST FACTORIES -Increased yields. Yeast of better keeping properties. Prospectus and further particulars on application to DanteeL SULPHUROUS ACID and SULPHITES. Liquid SO2 in Syphons, for Lectures, &c. PHOSPHORIC ACID and PHOSPHATES. CARAMELS & COLORINGS for all purposes. required permission of the War Office, and he will forward A. BOAKE, ROBERTS, & CO. (LIMITED), copies direct from the Office to any neutral country on receipt of instructions. Stratford, London, E. IT has been shown by Newton (Am. Journ. Sci., 1908, xxv., 343) that ferric iron in sulphate solution can be quickly and accurately estimated by reducing with titanous sulphate, oxidising the excess of titanous salt with bismuth trioxide, filtering off the excess of bismuth trioxide and reduced bismuth, and titrating the resulting clear solution with a o'1/N solution of potassium perman ganate. As it was afterwards discovered that uranyl salts in sulphate solution were apparently reduced by titanous sulphate to the uranous condition, the present investigation was undertaken for the purpose of applying the above method to the estimation of uranium and to the estimation of phosphorus after the latter had been precipitated as ammonium-uranyl phosphate. For this work a solution of titanous sulphate of convenient strength was prepared as follows:-To 100 cc. of sulphuric acid were added little by little and with continual stirring 25 grm. portions of the best hydrous C.P. titanium oxide, the whole being kept constantly heated to the fuming-point of the acid. The resulting pasty mass was allowed to come to room temperature and cautiously transferred to a beaker containing about 200 cc. of cold water. After standing a short time the somewhat cloudy solution of titanic sulphate was filtered, reduced to the titanous condition by means of zinc, and then filtered directly into about two litres of recently boiled distilled water, contained in a reservoir to which a Squibb's automatic burette and a hydrogen generator were immediately attached. By this means the easily oxidised titanous sulphate was kept under a constant pressure of hydrogen, and measured amounts of the solution were drawn as wanted. As it was convenient to know the strength of the titanous sulphate solution it was titrated directly against a o'1/N solution of potassium permanganate. An approximately o'1/N solution of uranyl sulphate was obtained by treating an equivalent amount of uranyl acetate of tested purity with sulphuric acid, filtering, and diluting to the required volume. This solution was standardised in the gravimetric way by precipitating the uranium by ammonia, washing with dilute ammonium nitrate solution, igniting, and weighing as U303. A phosphate solution was obtained by dissolving about 6.359 grms. of microcosmic salt in a litre of water, the solution being afterwards standardised by use of the magnesium pyrophosphate method as outlined by B. Schmitz (F. P. Treadwell's "Analytische Chemie," 1911). The potassium permanganate solution of approximately 01/N value was exactly standardised by titrating against carefully weighed portions of purified sodium oxalate previously dissolved in a convenient volume of water, acidu lated with I: I sulphuric acid, and heated to 80°. This method is the one recommended by the Bureau of Standards when using sodium oxalate as a standard in volumetric analysis, and is exactly described in their Circular, No. 40. The sodium oxalate here used was kindly furnished by the above-mentioned Bureau. A bismuth trioxide must be taken which shows no appreciable reducing action toward potassium permanganate. A number of 2 grm. lots of the sample used, when dissolved in sulphuric acid, cooled, and diluted, were permanently coloured by the first drop of a o'1/N solution of potassium permanganate. In Table II. are recorded results obtained when titanous sulphate was used as the reducing agent. For these ex periments measured amounts of uranyl sulphate were run into an Erlenmeyer flask of 150 cc. capacity and followed by a slight excess of titanous sulphate solution. Enough concentrated sulphuric acid was then added to make the solution approximately 16 per cent acid by volume. (It was found that uranyl salts are more easily reduced and when reduced much more stable in an acid solution of this concentration than in one that is weaker). The flask and contents were then cooled under the tap, a small amount of bismuth trioxide was added (enough in each case to oxidise the excess of titanous sulphate), and the flask then left to stand a minute or two, with occasional shaking. By the use of the filter pump and a platinum cone well padded with asbestos the solution was quickly filtered free from bismuth trioxide and reduced bismuth, the asbestos pad carefully washed three or four times with a 16 per cent sulphuric acid solution, and the combined filtrates titrated with standard potassium permanganate. As the titanous sulphate solution contained a small amount of iron a slight correction had to be made in the permanganate reading. This correction was easily and accurately made by a method of estimating iron in the presence of titanium, as worked out by Gooch and Newton (Am. Journ. Sci., 1907, xxiii., 365). TABLE II. Data on Titration of Uranium After Reduction by Titanous Sulphate in Presence of Bismuth Trioxide. KMnO4 used. UO2 present. UO2 found As Error. Grm. 0 0545 Grm +0'0004 0'0549 +0.0008 O'1092 +0'0009 0.1088 0'1079 0.1631 0.1626 0.1626 0'1626 0'2173 0.2169 0.2173 0'2173 +0'0005 -0'0004 +0'0007 +0'0002 +0'0002 +0'0002 +0'0007 +0'0003 +0'0007 +0'0007 I cc. of o1/N permanganate corresponds to 001350+grm. of uranium dioxide and one drop or onethirtieth of a cc. corresponds to 0.00045+grm. of uranium is probably due to the reading of the end-point. dioxide, it appears that any appreciable error in the process The Estimation of Phosphorus. It has long been known that under proper conditions an alkali phosphate is completely precipitated by adding to it an excess of uranyl nitrate. In using the above reaction for the estimation of phosphorus when a separation of the |