Manganese Solution I. contains 80 grms. MnSO4.4H2O, 150 cc. H2SO4 (sp. gr. 1·84), and 150 cc. H3PO4 || 1. (sp. gr. 17) per litre. Manganese Solution II.

= 500 grms. MnSO4.4H2O 3.

dates to the literature which has been chiefly consulted, I prepared with care and judgment, though the price at but for the most part it may be referred to the period which it is issued is rather high considering the amount of 500 B.C. to 500 A.D. The book treats of chemistry, material it contains. The testing of materials used in mechanics, acoustics, and biology, and contains much making printing inks is first treated, the apparatus used, that is of great interest to present day scientific men, and the methods of analysis employed being described. The though it no doubt requires an expert to estimate its time manufacture and properties of ink-making materials are the value. The surprising amount of theoretical knowledge subject of the next chapter, which contains many tables of and practical skill which the Hindus of the period had at useful data. The manufacture of printing inks is also their command will be a revelation to a good many treated, and an account is given of some difficulties met readers. with in using typographic inks, and their remedies.

The Metallurgy of Gold. By Sir T. K. ROSE, D.Sc. Sixth Edition. London: Charles Griffin and Co., Ltd. 1915.

THE sixth edition of this book has undergone considerable alteration, and much of it has been rewritten, the metallurgy of gold having seen rapid development in the last few years. A good bibliography is included, which, though not giving the title of every article or work on gold which has appeared in scientific literature, omits none which are of importance, and the properties of gold, its alloys and compounds are very exhaustively treated. Detailed accounts of different methods of treating gold ore, with special reference to the underlying principles, are included, and the book is a useful addition to Messrs. Griffin's Metallurgical Series.

A Laboratory Outline of Elementary Chemistry. By
ALEXANDER SMITH, B.Sc. (Edin.) British Edition.
London: G. Bell and Sons, Ltd. New York: The
Century Co. 1915.

THIS Companion volume to the author's "Text-Book of
Elementary Chemistry" provides an excellent course of
laboratory work which the average student will un-
doubtedly find particularly interesting. Besides the pre-
paration of many elements and compounds, and some
simple quantitative experiments, such subjects as the
constituents of foods, dyeing, and fermentation are studied
in outline, and although the apparatus and methods
described are invariably comparatively simple a really wide
knowledge of chemical operations and the properties of
substances would be obtained by working through the
book.

A Text-Book of Elementary Chemistry. By ALEXANDER
SMITH, B.Sc. (Edin.), Ph.D. (Munich). British
Edition. London: G. Bell and Sons, Ltd. New York:
The Century Co. 1915.

THIS text-book has been written specially for the use of
students who do not intend to continue the study of the
subject, and who require a fairly wide and practical rather
than a detailed knowledge. Many allusions are made to
the chemistry of every-day life and to substances which
have special importance in trade and industry, and the
book is of the type which should be used and mastered
by every boy, in precisely the same way as he uses his
text-book of English history. An abundance of good
questions, many of them requiring a certain amount of
independent thought and reasoning, is provided, and care
is taken to introduce new facts and principles only when
the pupils' minds may reasonably be supposed to be ready
to digest them. In the British edition two new chapters
have been added, on the Laws of Chemical Combination
and the Experimental Determination of Equivalent and
Atomic Weights, and on the Periodic Classification of the
Elements respectively, and some small alterations have

An Experiment in Industrial Research. Board of Educa-
tion, Educational Pamphlets, No. 30. London: Eyre
and Spottiswoode. 1915.

THIS pamphlet contains an account of an attempt made by
certain universities in the United States to provide for the
necessary co-operation between manufacturers and the
The report
universities in the promotion of research.
was prepared by Mr. T. Ll. Humberstone, and is based
upon the observations he made during his visits to the
Universities of Kansas and Pittsburgh in 1913, and has been
supplemented by later information obtained from America.
The scheme described was devised by the late Prof. Robert
Kennedy Duncan, and was found to work satisfactorily. It
consisted in the establishment of Industrial Fellowships
at the University; the selected Fellow undertakes any
special piece of investigation desired by a manufacturer,
giving a short time per week to teaching in the chemical
department of the University. The manufacturer provides
the funds for the Fellowship, and in return the Fellow
assigns to him the rights relating to any discovery made
in the course of the research. A monograph embodying
the results of the research is prepared at the expiration of
the Fellowship. Some of the details given of the
researches carried out under the scheme show that really
valuable work has been done, and some of the difficulties
of bringing manufacturers and the universities into touch
with one another have been successfully solved by it.
The Magnet of Commerce. Second Edition. London :
The Great Central Railway Co.

THE first edition of this pamphlet, which was issued
rather more than a year ago, was rapidly exhausted, and
in view of the great appreciation of the public and Press
the Publicity Department of the Great Central Railway
Company wisely decided to prepare a second edition. It
gives a detailed account of the Midland coalfield and its
developments now in progress, and a full discussion of
the distribution of coal, with special reference to the new
port at Immingham. All the latest available statistics are
included, and the booklet is full of valuable information for
coalowners and colliery managers and others who are
interested in coal and colliery machinery.

Conductivities and Viscosities in Pure and in Mixed Solvents. By HARRY C. JONES and Collaborators. Washington, D.C.: The Carnegie Institution. 1915. THE researches described in this monograph were all suggested by the solvate theory of solution, and were carried out for the purpose of ascertaining their bearing upon this theory. The various authors have accumulated a great mass of detail, and have been enabled to draw some important conclusions. The subjects investigated include the viscosity of cæsium salts in mixed solvents and the dissociating power of formamide, a substance which is particularly interesting, as it is more closely allied to water than any other organic solvent. A full description is given of a series of radiometric measurements of the ionisation constants of indicators, for which a new spectroscope was constructed, and of a study of the saponification of an ester which was undertaken for the purpose of ascertaining whether there is any difference in the chemical activity of free and combined water. The results show A BRIEF account of the chemistry and manufacture of that the latter is more chemically active than the former. printing inks is given in this book, which has evidently been | The conductivity of certain organic acids in ethyl alcohol

been made.

The Chemistry and Technology of Printing Inks. By
NORMAN UNDERWOOD and THOMAS V. SULLIVAN.
London: Constable and Co., Ltd. 1915.

The Institution of Petroleum Technologists: Its Origin,
Progress, and Purposes. London: The Institution of
Petroleum Technologists, 1915.

|

and the constants of some rarer salts in aqueous solutions | commonly supposed that the complex derivatives of were investigated, and also the dissociation constants of bivalent platinum correspond to the index of co-ordination free and combined water, and the absorption of potassium 4, while those of tetravalent platinum are characterised by from aqueous solutions of potassium chloride. the index 6. The authors have, however, obtained derivatives of bivalent platinum belonging to the type [Pɩ6A]X2. When the compound Pt2CH3CN.Cl2, prepared by Hofmann and Bugge from acetonitrile and potassium chloroplatinite, is cautiously heated, it is transTHE Institution of Petroleum Technologists was founded formed into an isomeric compound, which the authors in 1913 for the purpose of promoting the scientific and call the B-derivative, to distinguish it from the original technical education of those who contemplate petroleuma-compound. These two isomers both fix 4 molecules of technology as a profession, and disseminating knowledge NH3 per molecule, giving two a- and 6-chlorides correof all branches of the subject. In order that a petroleum sponding the same formula of co-ordination business may be run successfully men of very different [Pt2CH3CN.4NH3] Cl2. They are perfectly colourless, qualifications must collaborate, and it is hoped that the and very soluble in water, the chlorine being completely Institution will furnish opportunities of encouraging inter- ionised. The analysis of the chloroplatinites and picrates, course between geologists, chemists, and engineers who and the measurement of their molecular conductivity that they contain the are specially interested in the industry. The founders of show complex cation, the Institution and the members of the Committee are [Pt.2CH3CN.4NH3]++. The reactions indicate that the men whose names are widely known in the petroleuma-compound is CHCNPC, and the B-compound is world, and the rapid growth of its membership shows that

to

its work is likely to be highly appreciated. The pamphlet CH3CNPCCH

contains a short account of its foundation, the regulations,
and library catalogue, together with a list of members.
The Electrical Trades Directory and Handbook for 1916.
Electrician Office, Salisbury Court, Fleet-street, E.C.
In spite of the greatly increased difficulty in preparing the
above directory under the present conditions, the publishers
are sparing no pains to make the new issue as complete
as possible. Of its value there can be no doubt, for the
industrial war is "coming" and must be fought with as
much determination as the present conflict of arms, and
for the industrial war a thoroughly good electrical trades
directory might be regarded as good an an army corps.

OBITUARY.

PROF. HEINRICH DEBUS, F.R.S.

No. 20, November 15, 1915.

Action of Cupric Liquids on Saccharose. Determination of Invert Sugar accompanied by Saccharose.-Emile Saillard. Reducing sugars when not accompanied by saccharose can be determined by cupric liquid. The reduction is generally performed at the temperature of boiling water, and alkaline liquid gives the most accurate and rapid results. When saccharose is present the results obtained are too high, for the saccharose is attacked during the reduction, the action being most marked with cupric liquids which contain the most alkali. The author has found that in given conditions the attack is not constant, varying with the proportion of invert sugar, in such a way that when the quantity of invert sugar is increased the action on the saccharose is diminished. It is at a maximum when no invert sugar is present and at a minimum when the amount corresponds to the quantity of cupric liquid employed; otherwise it seems to protect the saccharose. The author has constructed a table by means of which it is possible to determine the reducing sugars in the products of a beetsugar factory.

Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France.
Vol. xvii.-xviii., No. 17-18, 1915.

THE death of Prof. Heinrich Debus, at one time Professor of Chemistry at Guy's Hospital and at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, has recently occurred at Cassel, in Germany. Prof. Debus, who was born in 1824, lived for many years in England and was for some time examiner in Chemistry to the University of London. He was the author of a treatise" Ueber einige Fundamentalsâtze der Chemie" and of a biography of Bunsen, who was Professor of Chemistry at the University of Marburg, where Oxidising Effect of Solar Light.-Eyvind Boedtker. Debus received his education. His best known scientific-When di-isobutyl was exposed to the action of light work dealt with the oxidation of ethyl alcohol by means and air for fifteen years it was found that it yielded a of nitric acid, in the course of which he prepared glyoxal | compound C,H22O5. It is curious that a compound conand investigated its properties. He also did some useful taining 9 atoms of carbon should thus be obtained from work on the products of the combustion of gunpowder. one containing 8, but apparently the first oxidation product Professor Debus was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society is formaldehyde, which then reacts according to the in 1861 and twice served on the Council. equation C8H18 + CH2O + H2O + O3=C19H2205. The compound behaves like a ketone of a polyvalent alcohol. When isoamyl nitrite is exposed to light tetracarboxylic

CHEMICAL NOTICES FROM FOREIGN methane acid is produced.

SOURCES.

New Reaction of Isosulphocyanates.-G. Denigès.— To detect isosulphocyanate in a liquid once or twice its volume of mercuric sulphate is added and after filtration

NOTE. All degrees of temperature are Centigrade unless otherwise the mixture is heated to boiling. If isosulphocyanate is expressed.

present a crystalline precipitate is formed. By this method it is possible to detect o 25 grm. of isosulphocyanic acid per litre.

MEETINGS FOR THE WEEK.

WEDNESDAY, 12th.-Royal Society of Arts, 3. (Juvenile Lecture). "The Science of some Toys," by J. Swinburne. THURSDAY, 13th.-Royal Society of Arts, 4.30 "The Romance of

Indian Surveys," by Col. Sir T. H. Holditch.

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