in the cold. In order to avoid error from this source, the washed precipitate should be transferred to the Erlen meyer flask with a rather small quantity of water, so as to avoid excessive dilution of the acid, and after addition of the potassium iodide and the hydrochloric acid the mixture should be shaken thoroughly until no particles of undissolved precipitate can be seen upon the bottom of the flask. Titration with thiosulphate before the oxidation of the iodide is complete is generally believed to give erroneous results. With the above modifications, the method may be applied to any mixture of barium and potassium salts. Analysis No. 4 in the following table was conducted in this way, while No. 3, in which only one-half grm. of potassium chloride was present, was carried out without this modification. Ammonium Compounds.-Ammonium salts exert a slight solvent action upon the barium iodate, even when the acidity due to their hydrolysis has been overcome by addition of ammonium hydroxide, while the latter compound decreases the solubility of the barium salt, as solubility determinations have shown. Neither of these factors is of sufficient importance to affect the precipitation of the barium iodate measurably under the conditions of the method. It was found, however, that high results are obtained in the presence of large amounts of ammonium salts, just as with potassium salts, the compound occluded being presumably ammonium iodate. Precipitation from a hot solution, conducted as described in the preceding paragraph, reduces the occlusion below the limits of analytical detection, as shown by Analysis No. 8. When the amount of ammonium salt is less than one-half grm., calculated as chloride, the precipitation may be carried out in the cold; Analysis No. 7 was performed under these conditions. Magnesium Salts.-Magnesium salts affect the method in the same way as potassium and ammonium salts. The precipitation may be carried out in the cold when the magnesium salt amounts to less than one-half grm., calculated as chloride; when the amount is larger, precipitation from hot solution is necessary. A small quantity of ammonium chloride should always be added to the solution to prevent precipitation of magnesium hydroxide when the solution is rendered alkaline, and more particularly to prevent formation of this compound and consequent choking of the filter when the precipitate is washed with concentrated ammonia. Analyses Nos. 9 and 10 illustrate the two methods of procedure. Other Compounds.-Calcium and strontium must not be present in the solution except in traces, since their iodates are also precipitated in part under the conditions of the analysis. Tests in the presence of other metals were not conducted, since the iodates of nearly all the heavy metals are insoluble in alkaline solution. The method works without error in the presence of the various acid radicles mentioned previously. The following table contains the results of specimen analyses conducted under the various conditions mentioned in the preceding text; they represent the average errors which occur when the barium solution contains other compounds. The solutions used in the analyses have been described previously. claimed that the method permits the determination of barium with an error not greater than a few tenths of a mgrm. in the hundred; when pure barium salts are analysed, the error rarely amounts to more than a single tenth. The exceptional properties of the precipitate make the method of manipulation more convenient than any of the known volumetric methods. Two analyses can easily be conducted at the same time, and the average time required for their completion is about one hour and thirty minutes.-Journal of the American Chemical Society, xxxi., No. 1. PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. SOCIETY OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY. Ordinary Meeting, January 4th, 1909. Dr. J. LEWKOWITSCH in the Chair. "Some Rarer Alkaloids of the Cinchona Group." By B. F. HOWARD, F.I.C., and O. CHICK. The first part of the paper is taken up with a study of the use of cinchonamine hydrochloride as a reagent for the gravimetric estimation and detection of nitrates, making use of the peculiar property of this alkaloid in forming an insoluble nitrate. The method of estimation of nitrates gravimetrically is as follows:-A large excess of cinchonamine hydrochloride solution is added to the nitrate in solution, the mixture stirred, a little hydrochloric acid added, and allowed to stand for at least twelve hours. It is then filtered and washed with a minimum quantity of water, dried at 100 C., and weighed. This method was found to give good results in all cases in which it was tried, except in the case of nitrates of metals forming insoluble chlorides or oxychlorides. The second part describes determinations of specific rotation, molecular weight, and methoxy groups by Zeisel's method in the case of this alkaloid, and also cinchonicine, cupreine, quinicine, and concusconine. "A Physico-chemical Method for comparing the Antiseptic Value of Disinfectants." By Drs. S. B. SCHRYVER and R. LESSING. All these substances have a The principle of the method consists in determining the inhibitory action of disinfectants on the rate of growth of bacteria, as measured by the rate of chemical change in the substrate. The latter consisted generally of a gelatinpeptone mixture, and the change was measured by determining the electrical conductivity. For this purpose a specially constructed pair of electrodes was employed. As the bacteria develope the gelatin is gradually broken down into albumoses, peptoses, amino-acids, and finally into ammonia and fatty acids. higher electrical conductivity than the original solution. Experiments were carried out with the object of correlating also of determining the influence of the age of any the chemical and physical changes in the substrate, and particular culture, when making a sub-culture into the same medium. It was found that if a sub-culture is made at an early stage of incubation, the rate of change pro+0.12 duced in the substrate in the sub-culture was relatively +0:57 slow; if made, however, during a period of vigorous +011 growth, this change was rapid, and practically independent +0.08 of the amount of inoculating fluid used in making the sub+004 culture. The effect of various disinfectants, both on fresh +0.22 cultures and sub-cultures, was also investigated. By com-040 paring the inhibitory effect of different substances, a -0'35 measure could be obtained of their relative efficiency as disinfectants. Ba taken. Ba found. Error. 1. 0'5 grm. NaNO3 85.84 2. 0'5 grm. NaC2H3O2 .. 85.84 3. 05 grm. KC1 4. 30 grms. KCI 5. 2'0 grms. NaCl 6. 30 grms, NaCl 8. 7. 0'5 grm. NH4Cl.. 20 grms. NH CI 9. 0'5 grm. MgCl2.. IO. 2'0 grms. MgCl2 86.41 On the basis of a fairly large number of analyses, conducted under widely divergent conditions, it may be "Reactions between Dyes and Fibres." By W. P. DREAPER and A. WILSON. Dyes which exhibit colour changes in the presence of acids, such as methyl-orange or Congo-red, behave differently when dyed on fibres. On animal fibres this action is greatly retarded, and under some conditions is absent altogether. Increase of temperature may still further modify the normal reactions. On cellulose fibres the reactions are much the same as in aqueous solutions, but they are modified by the presence of neutral salts. These reactions indicate a closer relationship between animal fibres and dyes than in the case of fibres of vegetable origin. The colour changes which take place with most dyes in the presence of concentrated acids are also retarded in the presence of animal fibres with both acid and basic dyes. FARADAY SOCIETY. Ordinary Meeting, December 21st, 1908. Dr. N. T. M. WILSMORE in the Chair. MR. E. A. ASHCROFT, A.M. Inst.C.E., M.I.E.E., read a paper on "The Influence of Cheap Electricity on Electrolytic and Electrothermal Industries." The extent of future developments of electro-chemical industries will depend on the limits to which the cost of electric energy can be reduced at suitable sites. In most cases an industry only becomes economically possible when the price of power has been reduced below a certain point, which varies more or less for every electro-chemical industry. The author discusses, in particular, the lowest possible limits of cost for the production of electricity from water-power, with special reference to conditions such as exist to-day in Norway. Some industries (the smelting of iron, the manufacture of lime nitrogen, and the complete treatment of complex sulphide ores may be instanced), to be worked commercially, will require a supply of energy at a cost of about £2 per kw.-year, and this "low-grade limit" in the opinion of the author can only be obtained from what he calls water-powers of Class I., namely, those in which natural conditions enable the development and regulation of power at a very low expenditure of capital -of the order £7 per E.H.P. capacity, including all necessaries up to the dynamo terminals. (The author estimates the corresponding figure at Niagara to have been not less than £30). The number of powers of Class I. are not very numerous, and their natural advantages will to some extent be neutralised by the values placed on the waterrights, but many examples exist, and the author gives full particulars of the cost of developing a concrete case in Norway of 7500 kw. capacity. This fall costs £7 8s. to develop and equip, and current can be sold at £2 10s. per kw.-year. It should be mentioned that at Meraker 3000 H.P. has been sold for £1 14s., and at Notodden (both in Norway) for £1 175. per kw..year. The secondbest source of energy in bulk to-day is what the author calls waterfalls of Class II., namely, those where a high cost of regulation or development is necessary to bring the water to the place of consumption, and to ensure an even supply all the year round. From these electricity can be sold for about £5 6s. per kw.-year, while the corresponding figures for oil engines, gas engines, and steam engines are given by the author as £7 4s., £6 18s., and £8 6s. 6d. respectively. Mr. W. R. COOPER (communicated) pointed out that the cost of water-power was frequently what it would fetch, and that it could not be likely to have a fixed value. The price of water-power tended to rise, that from other sources tended to fall; water-power should therefore be purchased outright by the consumers and not merely leased. Mr. BERTRAM BLOUNT thought that the author had not done justice to sources of power other than water; the notion that very cheap power was required for all electrochemical industries was erroneous. He referred to the possibilities of electric zinc smelting among the industries requiring cheap power awaiting development. Mr. W. MURRAY MORRISON was also of opinion that The steam and gas power could be produced cheaper than stated by the author-the former, in some cases, for £3 per kw.-year. The author's Class II. water-power he considered a bad specimen, and he further criticised in some detail other figures given in the paper. He thought that not enough margin had been left for contingencies. source of the capital was an important consideration that had not been discussed; on it frequently depended the nature and cost of labour. No two schemes were alike, and every one must be considered on its merits, taking all conditions into consideration. Mr. L. GASTER pointed out that the Niagara plant had been designed for a far greater output than had up to the present been reached, and that therefore the limit of cost of production of power was far below the figures at present obtaining. He suggested the desirability of manufacturing such products as graphite and carborundum at European power centres. Mr. CHARLES WEISS drew attention to the conditions under which the water-powers in the Bavarian highlands were being developed. Dr. H. BORNS referred to some of the disadvantages of many water-powers, such as inconstancy of supply. Prof. R. H. SMITH also remarked on the ice difficulty, which was of frequent occurrence. He did not think it possible, in the case of water-powers, to reach the low figures given by the author, and he took exception to the allowances for depreciation made in the paper. Dr. E. FEILMANN suggested that very cheap power-gas schemes might be developed in connection with the peatfuel industry, and he thought that large-scale experiments were being made in this direction. Mr. E. A. ASHCROFT, in reply, said his principal purpose had been to draw attention to the very special kinds of water-power that were still available, although rare, and not to contrast the various modes of power production. His figures, to which he adhered, represented a probable average. The ice difficulties referred to did not exist in Norway. THE RÖNTGEN SOCIETY. ABOUT a year ago the Standards' Committee of the Röntgen Society, dealing with the problem of setting up a standard of radio-activity, recommended that the Gamma ray ionisation from I mgrm. of pure radium should be regarded as a standard and called a "unit of radioactivity." Mr. C. E. S. Phillips, F.R.S.E., a member of the Committee, was entrusted with the task of sealing up some small quantities of radium to be used as sub-standards. At the meeting of the Society on January 7th last, Mr. Phillips read a paper on the subject, and formally presented three sub-standards containing between them about o5 mgrm. of RdBr2. The Rontgen Society intends to lend these sub-standards to competent people who require them for measurements of radium in their possession, and thereby to minimise the possibility of fraud in the sale of expensive radium preparations. The work of preparing and sealing up these standards, as described by Mr. Phillips, was one of considerable difficulty. In the first place, he obtained about o5 grm. of pure precipitated silica, and this he washed, sifted, and bottled. One mgrm. of radium bromide was then obtained and tested against a nearly pure specimen of known weight. It was dissolved in water, a small quantity of the prepared silica added, and on the liquid being evaporated the dry powder remaining consisted of silica particles coated with a layer of the radium bromide. The process was repeated with other small quantities of silica until scarcely any radioactivity could be detected from the inside of the vessel, and the silica was then mixed together and sealed into a glass tube. A carefully selected length of soda-glass capillary tubing was chosen for this purpose, and a small bulb blown at one end of it, the other end being shaped into a funnel. A spiral of thin platinum wire was intro duced into the tube to carry off any positive electrification, and the radium-coated silica was then dropped through the funnel into the bulb, after which the tube was exhausted and sealed off at the fine neck. After being subjected to prolonged annealing, the little bulbs were fitted into a suitable case and were ready for any of the purposes to which a standard might be put. In the course of the discussion, Mr. F. H. GLEW pointed out that Sir William Ramsay had recently made some experiments which tended to show that radium after a time appeared to lose its power to decompose water, and he (Mr. Glew) sug. gested that it would be well to have a standard of oxide of uranium kept just as jealously, and under the same conditions, as these radium standards. If, as might turn out to be the case, radium lost some of its properties more quickly than theory had predicted, there would at least be standards side by side with it with which comparisons could be made. Mr. PHILLIPS said that several radioactive standards had already been set up. There was one at Vienna, another in America, and there was also an oxide of uranium standard. He agreed that it would be interesting to bring them all into line. In reply to other questions, he said that before definitely weighing the radium in these sub-standards he intended to wait for three months until they had reached a radio-active equilibrium, when they would be compared with the known weight of radium at Victoria University, Manchester. ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES. "Note on Pucherite from West Australia." By E. GRIFFITHS, Caird Scholar, University of Sydney. (Communicated by J. A. SCHOFIELD, Acting Professor of Chemistry, University of Sydney). NOTICES OF BOOKS. In In such The Nature of Enzyme Action. By W. M. BAYLISS, The first volumes of the The subject of this note was contained in a few grms. of concentrates from Niagara, W.A., forwarded by Mr. C. F. de J. Grut, M.A., B.E., of Kalgoorlie. It gave on analysis the following result :-Bi203, 73 77; V205. 25 31; Cyanide Processes. By E. B. WILSON, E.M. Fourth Fe2O3, 0.36; P2O5, trace; residue (insol. in HCI) 0.81. The physical properties and composition of the mineral agree with those recorded in Dana's "System of Mineralogy" for the mineral Pucherite. This is believed to be the first rccorded occurrence of pucherite in Australia. Remarks were made by Mr. W. J. CLUNIES ROSS and the President. Exhibits. Edition. New York: John Wiley and Sons. London : THIS book contains a very straightforward, simply worded HALDEN. Text-book or Physiological Chemistry. By EMIL ABDER Mr. MAIDEN brought under notice of members the poisoning of human beings by a climbing plant known as Rhus radicans or "Poison Ivy," from North America, and occasionally found in gardens in New South Wales. It is a really dangerous plant, causing acute skin irritation, and a perfectly harmless plant, Ampelopsis Veitchii, is often mistaken for it. He showed how the two plants may be readily distinguished. "Poison Ivy" is far too poisonous a plant to be permitted in gardens, especially as it is not necessary to actually touch it to be affected by it. He also exhibited a plant of the beautiful Primula obconica, and showed a photograph to illustrate the very serious THIS translation of a valuable German text-book or skin irritation induced in some persons who handle it. He physiological chemistry must be at once recognised as a explained that the irritating principle in the case of the standard and authoritative text-book in which the most Primula is the glandular hairs; in the case of the Rhus, important results which have been obtained in physioknown also as Poison Ivy, it is a peculiar oil. logical investigations are discussed in full detail. The first lectures deal with the three important classes of food substances, carbohydrates, fats, and albumins, first as regards their chemical composition, each class being treated separately. Their role and their metabolism in the organism are next discussed, and then their relations to one another and mutual replaceability are treated. The function and importance of inorganic foods is the subject of the following A Discussion ensued in which the following gentlemen took part, viz. :-The President, Messrs. L. Hargrave, W. J. Clunies Ross, Dr. Spencer, Messrs. J. A. Schofield, L. Whitfeld, H. G. Smith, and A. Duckworth. Mr. J. H. MAIDEN replied, and promised to bring forward the matter of some other poisonous garden plants on some future occasion. Practical Metallurgy. By THOMAS TURNER, M.Sc., A.R.S.M., F.I.C.. London: Charles Griffin and Co., Ltd. 1908. IN writing this book the author has had in mind more especially the requirements of candidates for the B.Sc. degree in metallurgy in the University of Birmingham; for this examination a three years' course after matriculation is necessary, and in the first two years the student has to work through a general introduction to the more specialised metallurgical work. This two years' course of practical work is covered in the book, which treats shortly of the analysis of alloys, clays, slags, ores, &c. No descriptions of the methods or apparatus of elementary chemistry are given, and thus there is the more room for technical matter. Each section is complete in itself, and there would be no difficulty whatever in making any desired alterations in the order in which the different branches are taken up. The exact details of each process are carefully described, and the student should be able to work successfully from the book with very little outside help. This, however, does not apply to the section on electrical work, which is discussed with extreme brevity, so that the consultation of other books would undoubtedly be found to be absolutely necessary. as it undoubtedly is, cannot by any means be described as convincing. The atomic weight of the ether is deduced to be 1, and it is thus commensurable with the elements. Technical Chemists' Handbook. By GEORGE LUNGE, Ph.D., Dr.Ing. London: Gurney and Jackson. 1908. THE German book of which this is a translation was originally intended for the use of alkali makers, and dealt only with the methods of analysis which are of special importance in alkali works. The latest German edition was extended to other important inorganic chemical industries, and the additional matter included the description of the analysis of the raw materials and products in the manufacture of fertilisers, the analysis of calcium carbide, acetylene, &c. The English translation of this latest edition is a valuable laboratory guide for technical chemists. In it only one method is given of estimating each constituent, so that its general use among chemists would be a step in the direction of establishing a standard of com. parison accepted by all analysts. The first part of the book includes mathematical tables, tables of physical constants, and various mensuration formulæ, while in the second brief descriptions are given of the best methods of analysing the raw materials, lye, and final products of the chief inorganic chemical industries. No methods of analysing foods and feeding stuffs are given, but otherwise the book forms a complete practical text-book of all ordinary technical analytical processes. Text-book of Physics. (Heat). By J. H. POYNTING, Sc. D., F.R.S., and J. J. THOMSON, M.A., F.R.S., THIS text-book of physics is too well known to need recommendation, although it may not be amiss to point out some of its special features. Chief among these is the emphasis laid on experimental work, which is fully described and discussed, with in many cases clear diagrammatic illustrations. Moreover, examples of heat phenomena drawn from physiography are frequently instanced, while finally, none but the simplest mathematical processes are introduced, making the book specially suitable for students who have had only a very slight amount of training in mathethematics. In the third edition a few mistakes which time and use have brought to light are corrected, and also some additions have been made relating chiefly to recent work. Collection of Papers Contributed on the Occasion_of_the Celebration of Professor J. Sakurai's Jubilee. Tokyo: Reprinted from the Journal of the College of Science. 1908. The The New Matriculation Chemistry. By G. H. BAILEY, D.Sc. (Lond.), Ph.D. (Heidelberg). Edited by WILLIAM BRIGGS, LL.D., M.A., B.Sc., F.C.S. Fourth Edition. London: University Tutorial Press, Ltd. 1908. A FEW changes have been made in the fourth edition of the "Matriculation Chemistry," chiefly as regards the introductory section. This has been re-written by Mr. H. W. Bausor, M.A., and as it stands now provides student with some training in practical work both qualitative and quantitative, while at the same time it gives him an insight into methods of scientific investigation. outlines of chemical theory are also clearly treated in this section. The second part contains a systematic treatment of the non-metals and metals, and in the third part the chemistry of daily life is discussed, the syllabus of the matriculation examination being carefully followed. The book can safely be recommended for students, who may feel confident that no point in the syllabus has been neglected; indeed, in some cases for the sake of completeness extra subjects have been included. No reference book on chemistry will be needed by those who use this book, and as an elementary treatise for ordinary school use it will be found in many ways by no means inferior to the majority of such books. Massing of Spheres. Part I. By G. J. STEVENS. London: J. Haslam and Co., Ltd. 1908. In this pamphlet a rule or formula is given by which the exact atomic weights of all elements which can possibly exist are supposed to be obtained. By considering the structure of a compact mass of spheres it is found that in such a mass a series of measurements exists closely allied to the series of the atomic weights, and thus by triangulation it is possible to determine the dimensions of the elemental atoms, assuming that the radius of the ether sphere is unity. This process gives a succession of numbers which in some cases agree well with those representing the atomic weights of known elements. On the other hand, there are sometimes considerable discrepancies, and the scheme, ingenious THIS collection of papers has been published in honour of the distinguished career of Prof. Joji Sakurai, of the University of Tokyo, who has made his name universally known as an original investigator, as a teacher, and as an author, more especially on subjects connected with physical chemistry. In addition, he has done much to promote educational and social reforms in Japan. The papers, written for the most part by his own pupils and describing researches carried out by them, form an admirable tribute to the inspiring and enthusiastic character of Prof. Sakurai's tutorial work. They are almost all published in English, the two exceptions being in German, and deal exclusively with chemical subjects. In every case a perfect lucidity of expression is displayed, and a very considerable command of the English language, any ambiguity or clumsiness of diction being altogether absent, though some misprints disfigure the articles in German. Possibly the papers which will attract the most attention are those describing the properties and preparation of the new elements which have been discovered in thorianite, reinite, and molybdenite. The author of the paper, M. Ogawa, has isolated, firstly, an element of equivalent weight about 50, to which he has given the name "Nipponium (Np)," suggested by Sir William Ramsay; secondly, an element closely allied to molybdenum and having an equivalent | A B C Five-figure Logarithms. By C. J. Woodward, weight about 167; while there are also indications that thorianite contains yet another new element, the oxide of which is radio-active. Water its Origin and Use. By WILLIAM COLES-FINCH. B.Sc. London: E. and F. N. Spon, Ltd.; Simpkin, THIS little book of logarithms is wonderfully comprehen- THOSE teachers who think that a superficial knowledge of zoology and botany represents the best that is to be gained by "nature study" would do well to read this book written by an enthusiastic student of natural phenomena. As interesting as a novel and as instructive as a scientific treatise it may be said to rank as a romance dealing not with incidents or adventures, but with the development of character; it is a true character study of water. The water of the atmosphere, rain, snow, ice, springs, and wells are all discussed in a most interesting way, the chapters on the clouds and on glaciers being particularly delightful. Some account is given of different methods of obtaining water, the sinking of wells, the construction of water works, and the preparation of water for consumption CHEMICAL NOTICES FROM FOREIGN for domestic purposes. The uses of water for irrigation and for working hydraulic machines are shortly discussed in the final chapter. To add to the charm of the book, it is illustrated by really beautiful pictures, those of mountain and glacier scenery having been reproduced from the originals of Mrs. Aubrey Le Blond. The author's hope that many who are not attracted by scientific works may find pleasure in this book we can sincerely echo, and add that the awakening of their interest in the wonders of nature through its instrumentality will undoubtedly be attended by genuine profit to themselves. A Scientific View of Human Conduct. By GEORGE GORE, F.R.S., LL.D. Birmingham: Hudson and Woolston. 1908. THIS pamphlet endeavours to prove the existence of a scientific basis of human conduct which is regulated strictly on the same mechanical and mathematical plan❘ as controls inanimate nature. The essential differences between dogmas and scientific principles are explained, the value of the former being admitted as preliminaries to knowledge; thus they are looked upon as justified both by necessity and by their utility. Though the article contains no ideas of great novelty, yet possibly the truths are put forward in fresh aspects which will make them clearer to some readers, and the whole pamphlet is marked by a calm spirit of philosophical enquiry on a higher level and much more impressive than mere controversy. A short discussion of the reasons for the existence of pain and evil aims at showing that these are essential parts of the general scheme, acting in the direction of the good of the universe as a whole and not warring against it. SOURCES. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences. Vol. cxlvii., No. 25, December 21, 1908. Synthesis of Ammonia by means of Peat.-H. Woltereck.-When peat is treated as described in the author's previous communication (Comptes Rendus, cxlvi., 125), and the nitrogen is determined in the residue, it is observed that the percentage found is always greater than the amount present in the original peat, after four hours' treatment. After six hours' treatment, on the other hand, the amount is decreased to half the original quantity. Humic Matter in Peat Moss.-L. Roger and E. Vulquin. When peat is formed nitrogen and carbon accumulate in the degradation products of the plants. Neither pentosans nor hexosans are present in the humic matter. The alcoholic functions of the celluloses seem to persist, as shown by the formation of an acetylated compound and of a compound analogous to the thiocarbonate of cellulose. Several constituents of lignocellulose have been detected, an aromatic C6 radicle and a secondary acetyl constituent CH2CO. The unsaturated character of the latter is shown by the fixation of halogens. The humic matter also posseses acid properties. NOTES AND QUERIES. Our Notes and Queries column was opened for the purpose of giving and obtaining information likely to be of use to our readers generally. We cannot undenake to let this column be the means of transmitting merely private information, or such trade notices as should legitimately come in the advertisement columns. Specific Heats of Gases. -(Reply to J. Hewett).-These have not been re-determined recently. Consult "Physico-Chemical Tables," by Castell-Evans, p. 526 et seq. (published by C. Griffin and Co.); also Annuaire pour l'An 1908," pp. 533-537 (published by the Bureau des Longitudes). Les Densités des Solutions Sucrées à Différentes Tempéra-J. tures. ("The Densities of Sugar Solutions at Different Temperatures"). By D. SIDERSKY. Brunswick: Friedr. Vieweg und Sohn. Paris: H. Dunod and E. Pinat. 1908. MEETINGS FOR THE WEEK. MONDAY, 25th.-Royal Society of Arts, 8. (Cantor Lecture). "Public " Locust Bean and its Practical Application,'' Royal Society of Arts, 8. "The Part Played by THE existing tables connecting the densities of sugar solutions with the amount of dry extract exhibit many discrepancies among themselves, some being calculated for a temperature of 175°, and others for 15°, while German tables are referred to the density of water at 17.5° or 15 as unity, and French tables are based on the metric system. The correction for different temperatures is a matter of considerable complexity, and the deviations are often comparatively large. To remedy this state of affairs the author has calculated tables giving the dry extract of THURSDAY, 28th.- Royal Institution, 3. "Mysteries of Metals," by sugar solutions corresponding to densities observed at any temperature from 10° to 30°. An introduction giving a review of the different systems of tables in use is printed in two languages, the German text being on one page and the French opposite to it, and the book will undoubtedly SATURDAY, be much appreciated by sugar chemists of both nationalities. Prof. J. O. Arnold. Royal Society of Arts, 4.30. "Some Phases of FRIDAY, 29th.-Royal Institution, 9. "Improvements in Production Prof. Sir Hubert von Herkomer, C.V.O., &c. |