BERKELEY, R. I.

MACHINERY WANTS.

THE following inquiry in the Baltimore Mfrs. Record is suggestive, in fact, uncomfortably so, to people who have a partiality for pickles and like appetizers. The Record prefaces the inquiry with the remark, "We hope none is made," which commendable desire we share. Salisbury, N. C., March 7, 1889.I want to know what machinery is necessary for converting slop from a distillery into vinegar, and the process it undergoes.. I believe it is manufactured in Cincinnati, O., or Louisville, Ky.

THE current number of Donahoe's Magazine contains many valuable articles. "Daniel O'Connell," by Gladstone, is given entire. The "Deceased Bishops of the United States" is continued. The moderate price of this publication should ensure it a place in every Catholic family. Address Donahoe's Magazine, Boston, Mass.

THE world's visible supply of cotton is 2,681,493 bales against 2,865,063 bales in 1888: 3,058,768 in 1887, and 3, 045,553 bales in 1886. The quantity of cotton in sight in this country down to March 1st was 6,139,513 bales as against 6,234,630 bales last year; the difference being due to the smaller net overland movement, and increased consumption by Southern mills.

A COPORATION known as the Merrimac Spinning Co., Lem

uel Huntoon, Pres., Richard Standing, Treas., P. W. Lyall, clerk, has been organized in Lawrence. Capital stock $25,000, for the manufacture of worsted yarn by a patent spindle. Room and power have been secured at the mill of the Lawrence Flyer and Spindle Works, and the company expects soon to be in full operation.

ALEX. GIBSON, cotton manufacturer, Marysville, N. B., has given notice of the incorporation of a company in which his sons and sons-in-law will be associated with him. The objects are the manufacturing of lumber, cotton and woolen goods, brick and the erection of houses. The capital stock is $3,000-Canadian Journal of Fabrics.

000.

OBSERVATIONS ON MILLING BROAD AND NARROW CLOTH, &C.

(Continued from page 26.)

fects it has during the several operations in dressing, etc. And first of the remarks on the common method of reading. 1st, If you were present at the first reading you would find that the mill has made the cloth and the soap in it very warm, it being then just like thin leather wetted in warm water and soap, which will easily stretch to almost what degree you please. You are to consider (as has been before explained) in what manner the millman strains the cloth every time it is readed. You must also consider what effect this straining has on the cloth that is so easily stretched and you will then find that the outsides of the cloth which each man has so often strained from the others, are more retched out and become thinner and longer than the middle parts of the cloth which could not be so much retched as the outsides. Consequently the middle parts must remain thicker and shorter than the outsides. The truth of this will more evidently appear, and will also serve as a demonstration by straining of a striped piece of cloth, because the stripes will appear more curved near the outsides where the motion of violence began, than in the middle where it terminates. Hence it plainly appears that this manner of reading is the chief cause why the outsides of the cloth are not milled of equal substance and length with the middle parts or crease. (2.) The common method of reading never reads nor so much as strains the cloth in its length, on the way of the chain, but, on the contrary, does the chain an injury by contracting it; for straining the cloth out so often in breadth or woof-wise must certainly force in the chain faster than it would naturally mill in (like the forementioned piece of leather, which, if pulled out one way, will shrink in the other), so that the threads of the chain and woof can never so truly unite in the ground of the cloth, nor so naturally contract as when they are both readed together. But, second, of the ill effects the common method of reading has, during the several operations in dressing, &c. (1.) The generality of cloth, as has been before observed, is thinner near the outsides than at the middle parts. It is well known the thin places do not require, nor will they bear so much work with the handles as those parts which are of better substance, and it is very difficult for the cloth-worker not to overwork the thin places, and at the same time to let those parts which are of better substance have as much work as they require. The difficulties that arise in the shearing are much the same, and require as great care in not shearing the thin places so low as to make them threaddy, and, at the same time, in cutting down the thicker parts, that they may not wear rough and coarse. (2.) Racking the cloth is the next ill effect to be observed. The method is known to most people, but I think it not amiss to explain it here. The fore-part of the cloth is hooked on the tenters at the fore-end of the rack. The cloth is strained out and the other end is hooked on tenters fixed in a board called a head, something larger than the cloth is wide. In the middle of the head is a wheel to receive a rope, one end of which is fixed to a post of the rack; the other is put through the wheel in order to strain the cloth with as much violence as is wanting to make the middle parts of the cloth of equal length with the outsides, which were longer when it came from the mill. The damage this forcible straining doth to the cloth is very considerable: such as not only separating one thread from the other, but likewise displacing every hair in the threads so closely united in the mill. (3.) The next ill effect is looping the cloth on the tenters at the top and bottom of the rack, in order to set it to its breadth; in doing which, workmen often use great violence to make it appear true and even. If you consider in what manner the cloth is strained in its breadth you will find the thinnest parts, which are the outsides, to be mostly affected by it. And if there should be any breadth (which must be done), will make them thinner than thin and baggy places in the cloth, the straining out of the they were before. It also frequently happens that there are several thin places across the cloth, viz.: from list to list, which are occasioned either in the wearing or by some woofyarn spun different from the rest. Hence it is easy to conceive that all thin places must suffer very much by violently straining the cloth either in its length or breadth. It would be tedious to mention all the damages and inconveniences which arise from cloth being overstrained in the rack. A few may suffice. Such are (1.) Opening, and sometimes breaking the ground of

the cloth.

(To be Continued.)

No. 213.

OBSERVATIONS ON MILLING BROAD AND NARROW CLOTH, &C.

(2.) The raising its wool almost upright after so much labor and charge to lay it smooth. (3.) The sudden shrinking of the cloth when it is changing in the press, which often spoils a set of parchments or pasteboards (the chief cause of cloths showing wide crease when pressed). (4.) The disreputation it brings on cloth in general by its shrinking after it is made into garments. It is now time to think of a cure for these evils which we have so long been complaining of, and have recourse to our forementioned REMEDY, else it will be to little purpose to have taken so much pains in this affair. No one could be more discouraged than myself. Every person I conversed with allowed that cloth would be better if it could be made more true and even, but at the same time positively as serted that an amendment was impracticable. The machine whose advantages and good effects I am about to describe, is a manifest proof that cloth may be produced more true and even by being regulated by it, than it possibly can be without it. The machine or regulator, appears so very plain and simple that I need say but little to explain its use, because I think every part of it doth sufficiently manifest it to any one who has the least notion of milling and reading cloth. It would also be tedious to give a particular account in what manner the cloth is regulated throughout the whole course of the milling, because you may plainly see by the cloth passing through the regulator, that all parts of it are equally readed both in length and breadth. The middle parts and list or outsides, are equally strained to what degree you please, or the cloth doth require. You may remember what has been said of the first reading a cloth by the common method, concerning its being so very tender, and liable to be retched from its natural evenness, and how that method strains it in a very irregular manner through the whole course of it milling and what an uneven cloth is produced by that means. The regulator, therefore, not only prevents all mill-wrinkles and baggy places, etc., but renders a cloth true and even in all its parts. How close will the chain and woof unite together, never to be retched asunder by any violence whatsoever (unless covetousness interfere); how strong and smooth must the cloth wear, and how much more likely will it be to keep out rain, I appeal to every considerate person. Where this regulator shall be used there will never need any casting or twisting the cloth, because it is in the power of the mill-men who attend the regulator, either to keep out the length and mill in the breadth, or mill in the length and keep out the breadth, as the cloth doth require. Thus, you see, at every reading, whether the outsides and crease are like to be of equal length; if not, you may alter it either way as you see occasion. By this new method, it plainly appears the cloth will contract better in its breadth than it does by the common way of reading; so that you may put more chain into its breadth, and the cloth will consequently come finer out of the mill. I am well satisfied by the experience I have already had of this regulator, that much more of the wool which is, or appears to be on the cloth will be milled into its ground by this than by the common method. The cloth being now true and

Vol. IX.

even, and of equal substance, all the difficulties in roughing, dubbing, shearing and pressing are over. Likewise, the necessity of overstraining the cloth on the rack is at an end. The rack, also, will be of no other use than to dry the cloth, that it may be more conveniently brushed. It may be objected that the law obliges the clothier not to have his cloth strained more than one yard in a score from the water measure; but I am well satisfied that a great part of cloth requires more straining than is allowed by the law to make the middle and outsides of equal length. I had like to have omitted taking notice of such cloths as do not prove in the mill, at the middle parts or crease, so fast as at the list. It is a great evil, but it doth not so frequently happen as the contrary fault. I will readily allow it is much better to have a cloth two yards shorter than its list, than to have the list but half a yard too short for the cloth. The cause of cloths being short listed arises from the list-yarn being made of fell wool, or such wool as is not proper for the purpose; or else the wool of the cloth receiving some injury in dyeing, or its being too old and dead before it was made into cloth. I have had no opportunity as yet, to put any such cloths into my regulator, neither do I desire it, except only once for a trial. But I am persuaded that the regulator will be a great help to such cloths, if not effectually cure them. However, all faults of this nature are better prevented than cured. As to what has been said in commendation of this regulator, it is no more than what hath been fully proved to the satisfaction of many, the most eminent gentlemen concerned in the superfine trade, as appears by a certificate annexed. signed by as many of them, as have opportunity of seeing the regulator or the model of it. I make no doubt but this new method of regulating cloth, will meet with a general approbation and encouragement from all clothiers and others who wish well to the woolen manufacture. And I hope it will not be taken for a breach of modesty, if I say, that all sorts of cloth regulated by this plain piece of machinery, will generally be in their intrinsic value at least five per cent. better than if done in the common way.

THE CERTIFICATE.

WE, whose names are hereunto subscribed, being very sensible of the great damages and inconveniences often arising from cloths not being milled true and even: such as their being made thinner and longer at, or near the outside or list, than in the middle parts or crease. Likewise, it frequently falls out, that a cloth is thinner in different places, which we call baggy. It also frequently happens that a cloth will not prove or shrink in its breadth in proportion to what it doth in its length, which will oblige the mill-men to cast or twist the cloth like a cablerope, and then to mill it, in order to force the cloth to prove in its breadth, which method is allowed by all that understand milling to be very detrimental to the cloth in many respects, but as there is no other way yet made use of that will force the cloth to the breadth required, the clothier is obliged to submit to it. We, therefore, being willing to recommend and encourage industry and ingenuity, especially such as appear to the advantage of the woolen manufacture, do hereby certify that Richard Brooks, of the Devizes in the county of Wilts, clothier,

profitable, and those who understand them are better able to use nature's products to the best advantage.

MACHINERY WANTS.

T. C. HILL, Oxford, Ala., is organizing a company to build a cotton mill, and will probably require complete outfit of machinery.-Joel T. Bailey, Greenwood, S. C., wants machinery for cotton mill to be built.-J. R. Zuberbuhler, Woodruff, S. C., wants information as to machinery for small cotton mill, costing $15,000 or $20,000.-A. B. Saunders, Monbo, N. C., wants machinery for drying warps.-Joseph S. Tipton, Hillsville, Va., wants 25 horse-power engine.-T. C. Clarke, Kekuka, Fla., wants to correspond with some firm who make plans and estimates for transmitting power at all angles by belts and pulleys. -Lamb & Smith, Columbia, Tenn., want belting 13 inches. wide and 65 feet and 10 inches long, also 60 to too horse-power boiler and engine, new or second hand, and sell one now used. -Robert Holloway, Clarksville, Tenn., wants boiler and engine. -W. M. Bergman, Oxford, Md, wants to buy boiler and engine, latter second hand preferred.-W. S. Weaver, Asheville, N. C., wants 35 horse-power boiler and 15 horse-power engine. -John E. Davidson, Bainbridge, Ga., wants 40 horse-power return tubular boiler centre crank engine, grate bars, etc.Cambridge Tile Mfg. Co., Covington, Ky., want 20 horse-power engine and boiler, -Northern Belle Mining Co., Hot Springs, Ark., want 40 horse-power boiler, engine and a pump.-F. B. Cole, Newnan, Ga., wants price list on a 50 horse-power automatic engine, f. o. b. cars at Newnan.-A 50 or 60 horse-power engine and boiler wanted by Gibson & Adams, Social Circle, Ga.-Sanders & Waddell, Dalton, Ga., request prices on engines. of 8, 10 and 20 horse-power.-A 20 horse-power engine and boiler wanted by A. J. Douglas, Covington, Tenn.-Prices on a large engine and boiler are solicited by Jas. Y. Old, Berkley, Va-Quotations on a 60 horse-power steel tubular boiler, with front grate bars, stack, trucking and trimmings, are solicited by Neeley & McCord, Pulaski, Tenn.-The Red Bank Mills Co., Lexington, S C., wants to purchase some drawing frames. -J. M. Thomas & Son, Paris, Ky., want a 50 or 60 horse-power engine and boiler.-The Boyd Lumber Co., DeLand, Fla., want to purchase a roo horse-power engine and three 40 horse-power boilers.-J. W. Gilbert, Owensboro, Ky., solicits quotations on an engine 12x20 inches, and a 50 horse-power boiler 14 to 16 feet in length, and 48 inches in diameter.-The Sullivan Hardware Co., Anderson, S. C., wants to purchase a 30 horse-power engine and boiler.

SOUTHERN MILL NOTES.

A COTTON mill will probably be built at Oxford, Ala. $85,000 of proposed $100,000 capital has been subscribed. T. C. Hill can give particulars.-The Matthews cotton mill, Selma, Ala., will put in 40 new looms.-Columbus, Ga., knitting mill has been organized by J. A. Walker; capital $10,000.-Gastonia, N. C., Cotton Mill Co. is enlarging factory building to accommodate new machinery to double capacity.-Parties have offered to subscribe $20,000 towards a 10,000 spindle cotton factory at Henderson, N. C. Co. with $50,000 capital stock will probably be organized.-A. M. Price and others are organizing to build a cotton weave mill at Lincolnton, N. C.-A stock company is being organized to build a cotton factory at Lincolnton, N. C. T. H. Proctor can give information.-It is rumored that a cotton factory will be built this summer or fall at Polkton, N. C.-The cotton mill to be built by a co-operative company at Greenwood, S. C., will, it is said, cost $100,000; $50,000 has already been subscribed. Joel T. Bailey can give information-About $25,000 has been subscribed to the capital stock of the cotton factory company at Laurens, S. C., the company will organize. It is contemplated to build a $200,000 mill.The Marion, S. C, Cotton Mill Co., previously reported as being worked up to build mills, has opened stock subscription books.-Efforts are being made to organize a cotton mill com pany at Woodruff, S. C. J. R. Zuberbuhler wishes information as to machinery, etc., for small mill to cost $15,000 or $20,000. -Efforts are being made to have a jute bagging mill removed from Ohio to Covington, Tenn.-A. E. Bateman, president of Atlantic & Danville Railway, offers to subscribe $25,000 to the stock of a cotton factory at Portsmouth, Va., if citizens will duplicate. -Baltimore Mnfrs. Record.

WADE'S FIBRE AND FABRIC wants all the news from every cotton and woolen factory for Facts Whittled Down.

FOREIGN FACTS WHITTLED DOWN. THE Unterhausen cotton mills near Pfullingen, Wurtemburg, Germany, were destroyed by fire. Loss is 1,500,000 marks. -The following factories have been establ shed near Bremen, Germany In Hemelingen the Bremen Jute Spinning Factory; in Delmenhorst the North German Wool Combing and Combed Wool Yarn Factory; in Grohn Vegesack the Bremen Cotton Spinning Factory; in Blumenthal the Bremen Wool Combing Factory; in Burg-Lesum the Bremen Wool Washing Factory; in Bremen itself, lately, the Bremen Jute Spinning and Weavii g Factory.-King Alexander I. the boy sovereign of Servia, although only 13 years old, speaks French, German and Russian, and shows great capacity for study.-The new mill building at Heyfold, Darwen, to hold 120 looms, has been delayed by unfavorable weather; it is expected to be completed before the holidays. The dispute at Moss Bridge Mill, Darwen, has been settled.-Notices have been posted at William Hartely & Sons' Mills, Heywood, to the effect that the three mills would be closed about the 25th inst.-The strike at Grindleton Mill, Clitheroe, has been se'tled after four month's duration.-G. H. Kenworthy & Sons, Cavendish Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne, started after nine weeks stoppage to reset machinery.-Plunge Mill, Edenfield, Ramsbottom, has been taken, and will be started as soon as possible. It has been idle for twelve years. James Mills, Elton, are being rapidly refitted.-York Street Cotton Omrod, Jr., weaving shed proprietor of Colne is dead.-Albert Spinning & Mf'g. Mills Bury, taken by Samuel Renshaw & Sons, will be started after several years' idleness-A serious strike is threatened at Belfast, Yorks. It originated with spinners, and is spreading.-It is proposed to replace the Woodstock Mill Co's. Mills, Oldham, burned Dec. 18th, by a four story mill furnished with all weft mules; capacity about 43,000 spindles, to cost £26,000.-Dale's Mill, Bacup, burned three nonths ago is being rebuilt and will be filled with latest spinning and carding machinery.-John Bright's condition is worse.By an explo ion of gas in Brynmally Coal Mills, North Wales, twenty men were killed.—A strike of Belfast, Ireland, flax spinners is extending.

THE American cotton card continues to attract the attention of manufacturers; many managers, believing that American builders should be protected, and that American machinery as well as American products from machinery be protected. This card, on account of its low cost, superior quality of work produced, with quantity, makes it a very desirable machine to investigate and order. -M. E. W.

consumption of raw cotton in 1881 was 31,470 tons; in 1885, THE Cotton industry of Italy is developing very rapidly. The 59,408 tons. The number of its spindles had increased from 880,000 in 1881, to 1,131,340 in 1885. The weaving industry has increased exceedingly-the number of power looms having doubled in ten years, while hand-weaving and spinning are becoming obsolete. The woolen industry, although introduced only a short time ago, that is, as a branch of industry, is growing equally well.

THAT was a very remarkable occurrence which took place at Birmingham, Pa., a few days ago. A limited express train on the Pennsylvania Railroad was running at the rate of thirty-five miles an hour, and the engine broke a spring frog, displacing about fifteen feet of rail. The cars ran over this gap on the ties and every wheel mounted the rail again, no damage being done more than a shaking up of the passengers. -The Star.

WEEKLY.-$60.00 per inch, per annum, 5a times. EVERY OTHER WEEK.-$40.00 per inch, per annum, 26 times. MONTHLY.-One full page every fourth week, 13 insertions per annum, 8400.00. Half page $225.00. Quarter page, $125.00. Payments to be made at the end of each quarter.

For shorter time than 3 months $1.25 per inch, each insertion. Cash in advance, or on presentation of bill.

Trade advertisements can be changed monthly.

Mills for Sale, Mills Wanted, Second-hand Machinery, &c., $1.00. per inch, each insertion. Cash in advance or on presentation of bill.

If addressed care Wade's Fibre and Fabric and forwarded, $1.25 per inch will be charged.

HELP WANTED, or Positions Wanted, 25 cents when replies are addressed to advertiser, and cash sent with ad. If addressed care of Wade's Fibre and Fabric, and forwarded, 50 cents will be charged for each insertion and to defray postage for forwarding.

WADE'S FIBRE AND FABRIC is published EVERY Saturday by

JOS. M. WADE & CO.,

185 SUMMER STREET, BOSTON, MASS.

Entered at the Boston post-office as second-class matter.
PROTECTION AND TEMPERANCE.

WE are told that "experience is a great teacher." Perhaps it is; but we notice it always selects its own pupils, and its teachings are as often disastrous as successful, making the pupil wish he had never met his teacher. The wisdom learned from disaster is often of a questionable character, and is closely allied to the goodness secured through fear. "A burnt child" may "dread the fire"; a philosopher presses the fire into his service.

ON another page of this issue will be found the beginning of an article entitled, "Observations on the Milling of Broad and Narrow Cloth, etc." The article is copied from an old work published in 1743, and should be of great interest to our finishers, and will prove to them that fulling was well understood even in those early days, when honesty prevailed in manufactured goods. That was indeed a day when shoddy was unknown, and when the object of manufacturing was to make the goods as good as they could be made. Our knowledge of fulling does not seem to have increased, except that we have learned to expedite matters, and can perhaps full a piece of cloth with a little less manual labor than they exerted in those days. However this may be, the article will well repay the careful perusal and attention of our finishers and manufacturers. Some of the terms used may perhaps require interpretation, as they are quite different from those used in the fulling room at the present time. It will be seen that broadcloth made "from Spanish wool," was set "as wide as fourteen quarters in the loom," making it 126 inches wide. This cloth in its finished state must have measured from 54 to 56 inches in width, showing the amount of fulling necessary at that day, in strong contrast to some of the woo.en goods now manufactured.

In another part of this issue will be found a letter from Mr. Thomas Evans, in which he takes exception to what we said last week in reference to strikes; but our esteemed correspondent must not take every suit of clothes he finds that will fit him, for if he does he will sometimes make a mistake. Our remarks were not intended as a reply to his previous letter, but the

statements were made on general principles of natural law, which, if we did not know intuitively, could not be changed, we do know from long experience and observation. Those remarks were brought out by a strong sympathy with the operatives. We do not like to see them enter into contests year after year for which thay have got to pay a heavy price, and for which they will never receive any adequate return. They not only lose the time and the money they waste during the strike, but sooner or later they must make up the capital lost by the corporation as a result of that strike. It is the producer who foots the bills every time: "force" is an expensive and useless

weapon.

TEBBETS, Harrison & Robins of New York and Boston, represent the Central Mfg. Co., Central Falls, N. C., on their colored goods. The John M. Worth Mfg. Co., of Worthville, N. C., have suspended the manufacture of colored goods for the time, and Orlando M. Harper, 121 Duane street, New York, is their New York agent for the sale of shirtings and seamless bags, as well as for the shirtings manufactured at Central Falls. We give the above in correction of an item that appeared in our issue of the 9th.

REPLY TO VERITAS.

SIR: All the statements in Veritas' letter relative to Iconoclast's letter are complete fabrications. Eighteen years ago Iconoclast run eight looms on print cloth, and for months had the highest average for quantity and quality of any in the Valley mill. He has worked in Valley mill since then, and was never fined for imperfect work or complained against at any time. The frequent changes in weavers is sufficient to substantiate all of my statements. The Ashton & Berkley Co. pay on an average 20 per cent. more wages than the Valley Falls Co. pay. Veritas' sarcastic style reminds me of a story about the late Siamese twins. A man was talking as if he knew all things, and he was asked the following question, "Did he ever know the Siamese twins?" His answer was he knew one but never saw the other; and the whole make-up of Veritas' letter in reply to Iconoclast's is as untrustworthy, and shows a total disregard of either honesty, purity or fidelity. -Iconoclast.

THE VALUE OF OPPORTUNITIES. ALL young persons should early learn the value of opportunities. No matter who they are, or how situated, they will have certain chances of doing good, of getting good. If ever so poor, if living in the city there is the privilege of seeing thousands of objects whose names they may learn, whose uses and materials they may acquire. If they are pleasant ard honest they may do this and that one a slight favor, and, by constant observation may pick up good language and good manners, they can keep themselves clean, and be respectful, and somebody will want them in a store or shop, and once in a place, any good boy or girl can make a livelihood. If one's home is in the country, he can learn the names and uses of every tree and stone, and learn also to know their value. He can learn the names and uses of every farm implement, the price of fruits and grains. My child, be ready to help those around you cheerfully and as skilfully as you can, even if you get only thanks or a piece of bread. You will soon get pay if you are worth anything. -V. Petit in P. J.

THE Edison Illuminating Co., of Brooklyn, through their manager, Mr. Field, has just awarded one of the largest steam engine contracts ever placed in New York, for twelve Ball automatic compound engines of 250 horse power each, to Charles R. Vincent & Co., of No. 15 Cortlandt street. These engines will be placed in the new central Edison station in Brooklyn, and will mark the latest development in high speed steam engineering, it being Mr. Fi ld's intention to make this plant a model one in every respect.

MR. LYMAN MILLER, of Newberry Mills, Wythe Co.. Va., is now on a trip to the North in the interest of the mills, and is looking for machinery. He will no doubt be glad to hear from any one who has such machinery for sale as would be wanted in starting a mill. They will manufacture cassimeres and flannels.