use of the parts of which it consists 5-as sinews, blood, limbs. When Marius was fleeing from the wrath of his enemies, he underwent the greatest dangers. You will not be able to enjoy these things, unless you preserve those who supply you with them,7 in safety,8 not only from misfortune, but even from the fear of misfortune. Paulus obtained possession of all the treasures of the Macedonians, which were very great. Concerning the matters themselves, employ your own judgment; for I command nothing. Isocrates, a teacher of rare excellence, said, that he was wont to employ the spurs in the case of Ephorus, but, on the other hand, the bridle in the case of Theopompus. We are permitted, indeed, to indulge in sport and jest, but, like sleep and all other refreshments, only when 10 we have fulfilled our important and serious duties. Cato Major used to eat the same food with his slaves, and to drink the same wine. The state of the Athenians is related to have been most wise, while it held the highest power. Servius, for some days, when Tarquin had already expired, concealed his death, and,1í on the pretext of discharging vicarious duties,12 strengthened his own power.—Livy, i. 41. Granting, indeed, that these things are blessings, which are so considered-honours, riches, pleasures, and the rest; still, in gaining even these, an immoderate and extravagant joy is disgraceful.-Cicero. Riches are desired, both for the necessary purposes of life and for enjoying pleasures.-Cic. de Off. i. 8. The inhabitants of Gordium affirmed, that he who should loose the knot, would gain possession of Asia.-Curt. iii. 2.

5 Its parts.-6 Shall have preserved.-7 Those who are profitable to you.8 Freed, delivered.-9 Used to say.-10 Then, when.-11 His death being concealed, having concealed his death, strengthened, &c -12 That is, of acting for the king.

II.

Bellum gerimus, ut pace fruamur. Caninius uno tantum die honore consulatus fructus est. Omnes sunt divites, qui coelo et terra frui possunt. Respublica debet, dum per deos immortales licet, frui summi hominis vita et virtute. Sapiens fruitur praesentibus. Recte ejus omnia dici possunt, qui scit uti solus omnibus. Membris utimur prius, quam didicimus cujus ea utilitatis causa habeamus. Mihi liceat ejus urbis, quam servavi, conspectu, tranquillo animo et quieto, frui. Bestiis homines uti ad utilitatem suam possunt sine injuria. In secundissimis rebus maxime est utendum consilio amicorum. Nos campis, nos montibus fruimur; nostri sunt amnes, nostri lacus. Vetustissimi Graeciae incolae, ut traditum est, glandibus vescebantur. Si mihi republica bona frui non licuerit, at carebo mala. Sapiens semper

fungitur officio, utilitati consulens omnium. Alexander Persarum regno potitus est. Perfuncta respublica est hoc misero fatalique bello. Primi homines, ut traditur, glandibus, fragis aliisque rudibus fructibus vescebantur. Primum Athenienses, tum Lacedaemonii, deinde Thebani rerum in Graecia potiti sunt. Tenendus est voluptatis fruendae modus. Ne illi quidem, qui maleficio et scelere pascuntur, possunt sine ulla particula justitiae vivere.

XI. CONSTRUCTION OF OPUS EST.

(Exercises, p. 55.)

I.

Where we have the testimony of facts, there is no need of words. We require a leader and director. Although we have need of this, still it is less necessary. A good master of a house requires some practice in agriculture, building, calculating. I am aware that you did not stand much in need of the services of Sulpicius. When there is need of silence, you cry out; when it is proper to speak, you hold your peace. I require a cultivated mind, as a field not once ploughed, but over and over again,2 that it may be able to bring forth better and more abundant fruits. When Alexander asked Diogenes, the Cynic, to say if he had need of anything, he replied: 3 Pray, stand out between me and the sun a little; for he was in his way as he basked in the sun.

1 Where the testimonies of facts are present.-2 Novare, to renew; iterare, to do a thing again.-3 Diogenes, the Cynic, to Alexander, asking that he should say, if he had need of anything, 'now, indeed,' says he, &c.- A sole absis, stand away from the sun.-5 Namely.

II.

Magistratibus opus est, sine quorum prudentia ac diligentia esse civitas non potest. Pecuniam, quae non opus erat, ab iis accepit, qui ea egebant. Qui bellum gerere vult, ei opus est pecunia et militibus. Imperatori animo praesenti imprimis opus est. Mihi opus est custodibus. Vobis opus sunt adjutores. Omnia pollicitus est, quibus tibi opus esset. Ad eam provinciam firmiori praesidio opus est. Miseris auxilio opus est, non misericordia sola. Ad vitam multa nobis opus sunt; ad beatam vitam mens sana tantum et corpus sanum. Facto maturatoque opus est.-Livy, i. 58.

XII. THE ABLATIVE WITH ADJECTIVES AND PARTICIPLES.

(Exercises, p. 56.)

I.

Many despise riches, who are contented with little, and delighted with a simple mode of life. When free from cares, we desire to know even what takes place in the heavens. Asclepiades was needy in his circumstances, base in life, ruined in reputation, trusting to his insolence and audacity. They have done these things, partly trusting to their innocence, partly relying on their nobility, partly supported by their power. Relying on your fidelity and wisdom, I have undertaken a greater burden than I perceive that I am able to bear. We are not born of flint, but there is a natural tenderness and softness 2 in our minds. You are richly provided with 3 lands, with buildings, with silver, with domestics, with all things. You are sprung from the race of the gods. Human life is filled with a variety of pleasures. Dionysius, the tyrant of the Syracusans, was born of good parents and an honourable family. Labienus dares to call himself one of the popular party, and me unfavourable to your interests. I think this inconsistent with my dignity. In that conspiracy was Quintus Curius, born of a not obscure family, (but) loaded with crimes and misdeeds. We do not allow boys entire liberty in playing, but such as is not inconsistent with worthy actions. We have minds inclined to knowledge, wisdom, fortitude, and averse to the opposites of these.6 All who wish to be safe, will support7 the authority of the consul, free from passion, clear of offences, cautious in dangers, not cowardly in contests.-Cic. de Leg. Agrar. i. 9.

i Whom, contented with little, a simple mode of life delights.-2 Something tender and soft.-3 Provided with and abounding in.-4 Popularis, one who favours the people.-5 Covered, overwhelmed.—6 The contrary things. 7 Follow.

II.

Adhuc poenam nullam suo dignam scelere suscepit. Caesar non omnes, quibus iratus erat, exsilio aut morte dignos judicavit. Sapiens naturae finibus contentus est. Hic locus nunquam vacuus fuit ab iis, qui causam vestram defenderent.-Cic. pro Leg. Manil. i. 1. Pompeius, humili atque obscuro loco natus, amplissimos honores est adeptus. Mandavimus litteris ea, quae nec satis erant nota nostris, et erant cognitione dignissima. Haec ego, neque mea prudentia neque humanis consiliis fretus, polliceor vobis. Zenoni et reliquis fere Stoicis aether videtur

summus deus, mente praeditus, qua omnia regantur.1 Circe ex Sole et Perse, Oceani filia, nata erat. Nonnullorum vita dolore conferta est. Quid tam temerarium tamque indignum sapientis gravitate atque constantia, quam aut falsum sentire aut, quod non satis cognitum sit, sine ulla dubitatione defendere? Tribuni, Tiberius et Caius Gracchi, multas res novas, gratia plebis freti, moliti sunt. Vestra intelligentia fretus, brevius dico, quam causa requirit. Asinus, onustus sarcinis, equum rogavit, ut aliqua parte oneris se levaret. Mercurius ex Maia, Atlantis filia, natus est. Consules Caesaris causae alieni erant. Ignoratio rerum aliena naturae deorum est. Helvia, Ciceronis mater, honesto et nobili genere nata erat. Et fraus et vis alienae ab homine sunt, sed fraus odio digna majore. Orpheus ex musa Calliope natus est.

1 For the subjunctive, see Gram., § 360.

XIII. THE ABLATIVE WITH THE COMPARATIVE.

(Exercises, p. 57.)

I.

The sun is many times larger than the whole earth. The greater the force of eloquence is, the more ought it to be united with integrity and the greatest prudence. Epaminondas held the government four months longer than the people had commanded. I do not understand what is the object of avarice in an old man.2 For can anything be more absurd, than to seek the more provisions the nearer we are to the end of the journey?3 If there is no man who would not rather die than be turned into the form of a beast, although he were to retain 5 the mind of a man; how much more wretched is it to have the nature of a beast 6 in the form of a man! To me7 it seems as much more wretched as the mind is more excellent than the body. The more unworthily the recklessness and audacity of foolish and abandoned men profaned eloquence, a thing most honourable and right (in itself), to the utmost detriment of the state, the more zealously ought we to have opposed them, and to have sought the advantage of the state. Nothing is better than reason. The Roman people consider Roscius a better man

1 By many parts larger; by four months longer.-2 What avarice in an old man means. The less of way remains.—4 Into any form of beast.-5 Although about to have.-6 To be of a wild mind. Efferatus, made wild or savage, like a wild beast.-7 To me, indeed. The force of quidem is to make me emphatic.3 With.

than actor. Pompey has engaged with the enemy more frequently than any other man has contended with a private enemy, has carried on more wars than others have read of, has reduced to peace more provinces than others have coveted. What can be mentioned more contemptible than dulness and folly? There is no one who can 10 advise you more wisely than yourself. Nothing flies so swiftly 11 as an evil speech; nothing is let loose more easily, nothing is taken up more quickly, nothing is disseminated more widely. He is more wretched who has committed a crime against himself than he who is compelled to submit to the misdeed of another. You seem to pour forth these (reproaches) against Clodius more gladly than truly. Of all sources of gain, none 12 is better than agriculture, none more productive, none more pleasant, none more worthy of a free man. Hamilcar, the son of Gisgo, the commander of the garrison, with a little less than two thousand soldiers, is delivered up to the consul on his approach.13 Not more than two hundred horse escaped.

? Quisquam is here used, because there is a negative meaning implied: no other man has contended, &c., so often.-10 For the subj., see Gram., § 360.-11 Nothing is so winged.-12 Of all things, from which something is gained, nothing is, &c. 13 Approaching.

II.

Vita Proclis uno anno brevior erat, quam fratris Eurysthenis. Recte praecipere videntur, qui monent, ut quanto superiores simus, tanto nos summissius geramus. Alia sunt dolore miseriora. Nam quo major vis est animi quam corporis, hoc sunt graviora ea, quae concipiuntur animo, quam illa, quae corpore. Ignoratio futurorum malorum utilior est, quam scientia. Quid est, non dicam in homine, sed in omni coelo atque terra ratione divinius? Nihil est virtute pulchrius, nihil amabilius. Quid est foedius avaritia, quid contemptius timiditate? Quid est optabilius sapientia, quid praestantius, quid homini melius, quid homine dignius? Alteri qui melius consilium dare possit, quam tu, non facile inveniri potest; tibi vero ipsi certe nemo melius dabit. Luce sunt clariora nobis tua consilia. Nihil est huic adolescenti republica carius, nihil vestra auctoritate gravius, nihil vera gloria dulcius. Majores nostri non modo armis plus, quam ceterae nationes, verum etiam consilio sapientiaque potuerunt. Hic locus minus trecentos passus ab urbe distat. Imperator venit cum haud minus decem hominibus.