justly reckoned weak. According to the institutions of our ancestors, mind, fidelity, virtue, concord, were consecrated and publicly deified. I entreat and beseech you to hear5 my words attentively, and with indulgence. The best worship of the gods, and likewise the most pure and holy and full of piety, is always to pay them reverence with a pure, upright, uncorrupted mind and voice.

5 That you hear.-6 That we always reverence, &c.

II.

Socrates parens philosophiae jure dici potest. Ager nihil fert, nisi multa cultura et magno labore quaesitum. Laudatis eos, qui aequo animo moriantur; qui alterius mortem aequo animo ferant, eos putatis vituperandos esse. 1 Misericordia est aegritudo ex miseria alterius injuria laborantis. Nemo enim parricidae aut proditoris supplicio misericordia commovetur. Qui ea, quae nunquam cara duxit, aequo animo reipublicae causa deserit, nullam benivolentiam insignem in rempublicam declarat. Qui autem ea relinquit reipublicae causa, a quibus cum summo dolore divellitur, ei patria est cara. Jure erat Socrati semper idem vultus, quum mentis, a qua is fingitur, nulla fieret

mutatio.

1 For the subj., see Gram., § 360.

V. THE ABLATIVE OF PRICE.

(Exercises, p. 49.)

I.

The victory over the Parthians cost the Romans much blood. Dumnorix for several years farmed1 the customs, and all the other taxes of the Aedui, at a low rate. The pillars cost five hundred sestertia each. Gorgias taught for one hundred minae (each pupil). This book is to be sold for ten denarii. Aristotle bought certain books of Speusippus for three talents.2 Apollonius taught the art of oratory for a fee.

1 Held farmed.-2 Not three talents each, else we should have ternis.

II.

Attalus rex tabulam Aristidis, pictoris Thebani, centum talentis emit. Pictor Asclepiodorus duodecim tabellas trecenis minis vendidit. Virtus non auro venalis est. Quisque agricola frumentum quam plurimo vendet. Gorgias primus Athenis auro docuit. Eriphyle vitam viri sui auro vendidit. Hic liber

non tanti stetit, quanti alter, qui magno pretio veniit. Statuas et picturas parvo pretio emi.

VI. THE ABLATIVE WITH VERBS OF ABUNDANCE, FILLING, ETC.

(Exercises, p. 49.)

I.

Nature has covered and protected the eyes with very fine membranes. Some animals are covered with hides; others are clothed with shaggy hair; others are rough with bristles: we see (that) some (are) covered with down; others, with scales; some armed with horns; and that others have the resource of wings. We have been invested by nature with two persons,2 as it were, of which the one is public, but the other has been assigned peculiarly to each individual. Nero's hands were imbrued in the blood of his own mother. If your great success were not tempered by the great clemency which you3 possess from your own nature, that victory of yours would overflow with the most bitter grief. The Romans presented him with a naval crown, by whose exertions a ship of the enemy had been seized. In what country does it rain milk and flesh? Alexander, having conquered Asia,4 put on the most precious robes of the Persian kings.5 If there is (manifested), in an oration, dignity mixed with modesty, nothing can be more admirable, and the more so if these things are in a young man.

1 Means of escape.-2 Characters.-3 If in this so great fortune of yours there were not such gentleness as you, &c.-4 The conqueror of Asia.-5 The kings of the Persians.- Can be done, take place.

II.

Coenantes Graeci et Romani crines floribus et coronis ornabant. Marius in regionem venit, frumento et pecudibus abundantem. Hannibal complures amphoras plumbo implevit, summasque auro et argento operuit. Cneius Octavius, consul, quum armis ex urbe collegam suam expelleret, totum Forum acervis corporum et civium sanguine redundavit. Vos animum meum conservandae patriae cupiditate incendistis. Justi hominis manus nunquam imbuentur caede innocentium. Nonnullae gentes sagittas veneno imbuunt. Datames Thyum aureo torque armillisque aureis ornavit. Equus sarcinis omnibus oneratus est, quas asinus portaverat, atque insuper etiam pelle asini mortui. Post Persarum cladem apud Plateas, omnes viae cadaveribus impletae erant. Quum clades apud Cannas Romanis nuntiata esset, Forum omnesque viae plangore completae sunt.

D

VII. THE ABLATIVE WITH VERBS OF WANT, DEPRIVING, ETC.

(Exercises, p. 50.)

I.

The king was robbed of his paternal and ancestral kingdom. We ought to be free from all excitement of the mind, both from desire and fear, and also from grief and pleasure (of the mind), and anger. Xenocrates, the philosopher, did not need money. The most distinguished men, being expelled from Athens, chose rather to be without an ungrateful state, than to remain in a wicked one. If I saw myself unjustly an object of such suspicion and dislike to my fellow-citizens, I should choose rather to want the sight of my countrymen, than to be looked upon by the hostile eyes of all. He who attaches most importance to money,2 ought with equanimity to do without honour. In bestowing a benefit, and in returning a favour, if all other things are equal, we ought principally to attend to this3-to assist him most who most stands in need of assistance; the opposite of which is done by most people, for they render service to him chiefly from whom they hope most, even although he does not require their help. He who does not perceive that the very soul and intellect of man-reason, wisdom, foresighthave been made by divine care, seems to be without these very things.

6

So grievously suspected and disliked. He who has placed all things in money.-3 This is principally (the part of) our duty. As each one most needs (in proportion as any one needs) our help, so to help him most.-5 Which is done contrariwise. Them.

II.

Vacare culpa magnum est solatium. Honore et gloria et benivolentia civium fortasse non omnes aeque egent. Bactra urbs majore praesidio egebat. Non tu hunc patria privare, qua caret, sed vita vis. Aemilius Paulus regem Perseum castris privavit. In quo accusabar, culpa vacabam. Lacedaemonii quum pecunia egerent, ab Agesilao adjuti sunt. Omnibus animi perturbationibus, quasi morbis, voluit Zeno carere sapientem. Arbaces Medus Sardanapalum, Assyriorum regem, regno et vita spoliavit. Si tu me non sine moerore cares, quid me censes, qui et te et omnibus? Nulla vitae pars, neque publicis neque privatis in rebus, vacare officio potest. Philosophi animi affectionem, lumine mentis carentem, nominaverunt amentiam. Nihil honestum esse potest, quod justitia vacat. Themistocles quum consuleretur, utrum bono viro pauperi an minus probato

diviti filiam collocaret, ego vero, inquit, malo virum, qui pecunia egeat, quam pecuniam, quae viro. Tiberius Gracchus, tribunus plebis, Cneium Octavium, collegam, abdicare se magistratu coëgit.

I For the subj., see Gram., § 360.

VIII. THE ABLATIVE WITH VERBS OF ABSTAINING, REMOVING,

ETC.

(Exercises, p. 52.)

I.

Not my inclination, but my plan of life, has kept me back from this gate of honour. Reason has prescribed this (law) to the cultivated, and necessity to barbarians, and nature itself to the beasts, that they should always ward off all violence, by whatever means they might be able, from their bodies, heads, and lives. Scipio expelled from the camp the servants who were not necessary for use. King Ariobarzanes, an ally and friend of the Roman people, was expelled from his kingdom. Not Galba, with one legion, but his own barbarity and licentiousness, drove Nero from the throne. Alexander did not yet know that Memnon was dead.2 We properly say that angry persons have lost their senses 3—that is, wisdom, reason, intellect. From head to foot you seem to be all made up of fraud, deceit, and lies. Men are driven from sanity and reason by their own dishonesty, their own crime, their own guilt, their own audacity. The Forum is full of those whom I have driven off from your necks, but have not removed from my own. If you do not fear brave men and excellent citizens, because they are kept off from your person by arms, your own adherents, believe me, will not endure you longer.

1 Principatus, the office of emperor.-2 Had departed from life.-3 Exisse de potestate, supply mentis; have gone out of the power of the mind, out of subjection to reason. Every one is.

II.

Ab hoc periculo prohibete rempublicam. Omnium rerum natura cognita, levamur superstitione, liberamur mortis metu, non conturbamur ignoratione rerum. Quale beneficium est, quod te abstinueris nefario scelere. Pilis sagittisque milites Marii Germanos a castris propulerunt. Multos fortuna liberat poena, metu neminem. Tempestatibus agricolae ab arando, nautae a navigando, prohibentur. Sapientia pellit moestitiam ex animis. Homo constat ex animo et corpore. Mithridatem,

pulsum Ponto, excepit et defendit Tigranes. Tu, Jupiter, Catilinam et ejus socios a tuis aris ceterisque templis et tectis urbis ac moenibus, a vita fortunisque civium omnium arcebis. Sextus Roscius, ejectus domo atque expulsus ex suis bonis, fugit latronum tela et minas.

IX. THE ABLATIVE WITH GAUDEO, LAETOR, ETC.

(Exercises, p. 53.)

I.

An angry person rejoices in another's misfortune. When we are relieved of pain, we rejoice in the very deliverance and freedom from all trouble. Everything in which we delight is pleasure, as everything with which we are hurt is pain. To rejoice in such blessings of the mind--that is, virtues-is happiness; and all wise men enjoy these delights. As we are excited with those blessings which we expect, so we rejoice in those which we recollect. I trust in your constancy and prudence.

1 All that.-2 Is happy, blessed.

II.

Quis vivit ut vult, nisi qui recta sequitur, qui gaudet officio? Et laetamur amicorum laetitia aeque ac nostra, et pariter dolemus angoribus. Horatia fratrum morte non dolebat; populi Romani victoria non gaudebat. Centurio Baculus, et suae et omnium saluti diffisus, arma corripuit et se immisit in hostes. Tuo studio et animo confisi sumus. Misera vita nemo gloriabitur. Civitatis fortuna omnes dolebamus.

X. THE ABLATIVE WITH UTOR, ABUTOR, ETC.

(Exercises, p. 53.)

I.

He who does not follow good counsels, can in no way be happy. We have1 one refuge, learning and literature, which we have always cultivated, which in prosperity appeared only to afford2 delight, but now also deliverance. It is the part of the mind to employ reason. It is the part of justice to use public property as public,3 and private as private. As our bodies without the mind, so the state without law cannot make

There is.-2 To have.-3 For public ends.-4 As his own, as one's own.