Obrazy na stronie
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a sharer in all my conversations and plans. This was once the peculiarity of the Roman people-to carry on war at a distance from home, and with the bulwarks of the empire to defend the fortunes of the allies, not their own homes.

II.

Darius, veritatis impatiens, Charidemum abstrahi jussit ad capitale supplicium. Milites Alexandrum, eundem regem et commilitonem, divelli a se, immemores sui, querebantur. Ratio facit hominem hominum appetentem. Homo solus est ex tot animantium generibus particeps rationis et cogitationis, quum cetera sint omnia expertia. Thales dixit deos omnia cernere, deorum omnia esse plena. Omnium artium commune est, suis verbis uti. Haec quaestio de officio communis est omnium philosophorum. Ignoscendi quaerere causas, non puniendi occasiones, judicis lenti et considerati est proprium.

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III.

The servants take up1 Alexander apparently at the point of death,2 and carry him into his tent almost insensible. The very air, which is by nature the coldest (of all things), is least devoid of heat. The mind is divided into two parts-the one of which is possessed of reason, and the other devoid of it. Murena was most desirous of peace, fond of good men, most strenuous in his opposition to seditions, most brave in war. The Greeks call active men desirous of pain, or rather lovers of pain; we more aptly call them laboriosi (laborious)—for it is one thing to toil, another to suffer pain. No one will be unmindful, I do not say of the services which I have rendered to the good, but of those which the good have rendered to me. If everything is happy, to which there is nothing wanting, and which is complete and perfect in its own kind, and if this is proper to virtue, assuredly all possessed of virtue are happy. Sulpicius was not more acquainted with law than with justice. The father touched the face of his son with a sacred charm, and rendered it capable of enduring the swiftly consuming fire. Although Verres had collected from all sides the most worthless characters, and had brought with him not a few like himself, he (yet) considered Apronius as the man in the whole province most resembling himself in worthlessness, luxury, and audacity.

1 Take up with the hand.-2 Like one dying.-3 Not sufficiently possessed of his senses.4 The Greek word is giλómovos.

IV.

Proprium est Academiae ea probare, quae simillima veri videantur. Haec utilia non sunt, quae maxime videntur, quia plena sunt dedecoris et turpitudinis. Omnes participes sumus rationis praestantiaeque ejus, qua antecellimus bestiis. Est fortitudinis et magnitudinis animi proprium, nihil extimescere. Solitudo et vita sine amicis insidiarum et metus plena est. Optandum est ut ii, qui praesunt reipublicae, legum similes sint, quae ad puniendum non iracundia, sed aequitate, ducuntur. Hujus refellendi facultatis exercitatio oratorum propria est. Nihil similius est insaniae, quam ira, quam bene Ennius initium dixit insaniae. Earum rerum tenacissimi sumus, quas rudibus annis percepimus.

VII. THE GENITIVE WITH ESSE.

(Exercises, p. 37.)

I.

It belongs to eloquence to deal with minds, and influence them in every way. If you wish an orator to be nothing but a methodical, ornate, and fluent speaker, I ask, how can he attain even this without that knowledge which you do not grant him? It is the part of a good orator to hear much, to see much, to think, meditate, and read much. It requires great genius to call off the mind from the senses, and to withdraw one's thoughts from (the sway of) habit. For any one to commit his thoughts to writing, who can3 neither arrange nor illustrate them, nor allure the reader by any attraction, is unjustifiably to abuse literary ease. It is the part of an intelligent teacher to observe the tendency of each individual nature.5 Zeno thinks that it is unworthy of a man to yield to entreaty or to be appeased. You know that I am already wholly devoted to Pompey. As often as I speak, so often do I seem to myself to undergo a trial, not only of my abilities, but also of my moral worth, lest I should seem to undertake that which I cannot perform-and that is an indication of presumption; or not to perform that which I can do--and this is an indication either of faithlessness or of negligence. To be wholly ignorant of our own poets, is a proof

1 If you wish nothing to belong to an orator, but to speak methodically, &c. -2 It is necessary to a good orator to have received many things with the ears, to have seen many things, to have gone through many things in the mind and thought, many things also in reading.-3 The subjunctive is explained, Gram., § 360.-4 Is the part of one intemperately abusing leisure and letters.-5 To see whither his nature carries every one.-6 Of virtue and duty.

either of very great indolence, or of overfastidiousness.8 Miletus was subjected to Alexander the Great. Caesar replied, that he did not account Gaul to belong to Ariovistus rather than to the Roman people. That is most becoming to every one, which is most peculiarly his own. To judge who is a wise man, seems even most of all to require a wise man. To desert one's post out of fear, is an indication of cowardice. Not to restore a private trust,9 from covetousness, is a proof of injustice. To conduct affairs badly, through recklessness, is a proof of folly. Our honour and gratitude require that we proclaim to the brave soldiers, how mindful we are (of their services), and how grateful (for them). Who does not see of what nature this kind of concealment is, and to what sort of man it belongs? Assuredly it does not belong to an open, simple, ingenuous, upright, good man; but rather to a crafty, close, cunning, deceitful, wicked, practised knave.10 To perceive this, shews prudence; to perform it, bravery; but both to perceive and to perform it, indicates the greatest perfection of excellence.11 This is your part, judges; it is the part of your dignity and of your clemency.

7 Very inactive.-8 Very refined fastidiousness.-9 To restore something privately lodged with one.-10 Veterator, one who is old in anything. Vafer, crafty.-11 Is the part of complete and perfect excellence.

II.

Est

Haec studia sunt omnium temporum, aetatum, locorum. humanitatis vestrae magnum eorum civium numerum calamitate prohibere; sapientiae, videre multorum civium calamitatem à republica sejunctam esse non posse. Vix videtur humani esse consilii tantarum rerum gubernatio. Augusti temporibus paene totus orbis terrarum Romanorum erat. Viri boni est misereri. Cujusvis hominis est errare, nullius, nisi insipientis, in errore perseverare. Haec sunt omnia ingenii vel mediocris, exercitationis autem vel maximae. Omnia mea meorum sunt amicorum. Id ipsum est summi oratoris, summum oratorem populo videri. Est metus, ut aegritudo praesentis, sic ille futuri mali. Majoris est consilii, providere ne quid tale accidat, sed animi non minus, fortiter ferre, si evenerit. Sero sapientis est, quum stultitia sua impeditus sit, quoque modo possit, se expedire. Duobus modis, id est, aut vi aut fraude, fit injuria; fraus quasi vulpeculae, vis leonis videtur. Omnia trans Iberum, praeter Saguntinos, Carthaginiensium erant. Nihil in omni mundo melius esse quam se putare, desipientis arrogantiae est. Nihil est tam angusti animi tamque parvi, quam amare divitias. Divitias contemnere et pro nihilo ducere comparantem cum utilitate

communi, magni animi et excelsi est. In tranquillo tempestatem optare, dementis est; subvenire autem tempestati quavis ratione, sapientis. Fortis animi et constantis est, non perturbari in rebus asperis. Populi grati est, praemiis afficere bene meritos cives. Viri fortis est, ne suppliciis quidem moveri, ut fortiter fecisse poeniteat. Est magnae naturae, semper sperare; frustra

vero niti maximae est stultitiae.

VIII. THE GENITIVE WITH VERBS OF REMEMBERING, PITYING, ACCUSING, ETC.

(Exercises, p. 39.)

I.

1

All things occurred to Antony, and each in its own place. If you do not keep within bounds, you will compel me, forgetting our friendship, to have a regard for my own dignity. Your power occurred to my mind, not less frequently than your justice. Cicero pro Quint. 2. I remember, Plancius, I remember, nor shall I ever forget that night, when, unhappy (man that I was), led on by false hope, I made certain vain and empty engagements to you, sitting by me, sleepless,2 sorrowing. Manlius was condemned to death. I shall make good my defence to you, if you remember this, which you cannot forget -that he who lies in wait for another, may be put to death with justice himself.-Cicero pro Mil. 4. Have compassion on the family, judges, have compassion on the worthy father, have compassion on the son. Parents often think of their absent children. I shall never repent of my actions and designs. Catiline reminded one of his poverty; another, of his covetousness; several, of danger or disgrace; many, of the victory of Sulla, by which they had been enriched.3 The earth itself appeared to me so small, that I was ashamed of 4 our empire, with which we touch only a point of it, as it were. Your ancestors, having compassion on the Roman plebs, frequently assisted them in their need. 5 You are ashamed of your avarice. If you are an unjust judge in my case, I shall condemn you on the same charge; but if you do not wish me to do this, it will be your part to shew yourself just to me. Scaevola was condemned on other charges.

1 Unless you shall have fixed a limit to yourself.-2 I promised certain vain and empty things to you, watching, sitting by me, &c.-3 To whom it had been a source of plunder.-4 Dissatisfied, discontented with.-5 Assisted their need.6 Shall not wish.

II.

Stulitiae est, aliorum vitia cernere, oblivisci suorum. Stulti bona praeterita non meminerunt, praesentibus non fruuntur, futura modo exspectant. Non est mei temporis injurias meminisse, quas ego, etiam si ulcisci possem, oblivisci mallem. Venit mihi in mentem Marci Catonis, hominis sapientissimi, qui maximis in laboribus usque ad summam senectutem summa cum gloria vixit. Neque nos neque alios industriae nostrae poenitebit. Obliti salutis meae, de vobis ac de liberis vestris cogitate. Zeno putat sapientem nullius rei poenitere, nulla in re falli, sententiam mutare nunquam. Mihi patriae, vestrorum periculorum, hujus urbis, illorum templorum veniebat in mentem. Recordamini omnes civiles dissensiones, neque solum eas, quas audistis, sed et has, quas vosmet ipsi meministis et vidistis. Nostrum est, dissensionum oblivisci. Si quis Athenis errasset ignarus, officii a judicibus clam admonitus est. Nunquam illius noctis obliviscar, maximorum enim vitae periculorum me monet. Non belli et periculorum, sed praedae et divitiarum milites meminerant. Bocchus, Mauretaniae rex, generi sui, Jugurthae, fortunarum miseritus est. Pudet quemque fateri, se poenam meruisse. Saepe nos dixisse poenituit, tacuisse nunquam. Nos vitae taedet. Vos stultitiae vestrae neque taedet neque pudet. Lysanias, qui peculatus damnatus est, perdidit bona sua et nomen senatoris. Torquatus Publium Sullam societatis Catilinariae conjurationis accusavit. Anaxagoras, quum impietatis accusaretur, a Pericle adjutus est. Alii multae, alii capitis, damnati sunt. Orestes matricidii accusatus est; hujus autem criminis Apollo eum absolvit. Senatus neque absolvit regem criminis, neque convicit. Principes factionis adversae capitis

damnati sunt.

IX. THE GENITIVE OF PRICE.

(Exercises, p. 41.)

I.

2

I value Plato highly, but Socrates more highly. I do not know whether I should value more highly1 your affection for me, or your disposition towards the state. It is very disgraceful to think more highly of that which appears to be useful, than of that which is honourable. Cornelius Nepos stands much lower in my estimation than Livy. If you should find a man selling 2 gold in mistake for brass, or silver for lead, and

1 Whether I should think that your affection is more highly to be valued.— The subjunctive is explained, Gram., § 360.

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