causa consulendum. A diis immortalibus hominibus est provisum. Sit hoc persuasum hominibus, dominos esse omnium rerum ac moderatores deos. Credit iis, quae dicuntur, qui audit oratorem, vera putat, assentitur. Videndum est viro, ut ratio illi parti animi imperet, quae obedire debet, ut servo dominus, ut imperator militi, ut parens filio. Nobis persuasum esse debet, si omnes deos hominesque celare possimus, nihil tamen injuste esse faciendum. Nemo unquam sapiens proditori credendum putavit. Non jubeo, sed, si me consulis, hoc tibi suadeo.

IV. THE DATIVE WITH INTRANSITIVE VERBS COMPOUNDED WITH THE PREPOSITIONS AD, ANTE, ETC.

(Exercises, p. 23.)

I.

The greatest splendour of virtue is in justice, from which men are called good. Two kings, Tigranes and Mithridates, are threatening all Asia. Emplatorius not only took part, but even took the lead, in these affairs. Access to Pompey is said to be so easy, that he, who excels the greatest men in dignity, appears to be on a level with the lowest in affability. There was a (suitable) place for the camp, and there were provisions for the army. I came to the help of the falling state, I raised my country from the depths of ruin.1 In mere appearance and false pretence, there can be neither dutifulness nor any other virtue.3 A false accusation easily sinks into the exasperated mind. The works of Caius Gracchus did not receive the finishing touch; many things were excellently begun by him, but not quite brought to perfection. The poets represent a stone as hanging over Tantalus, in the infernal regions, on account of his crimes, and unbridled desires 5 and arrogance. Over all whose minds are at variance with reason, some vexation or terror7 always hangs. With what mark of domestic infamy has your life not been branded ?8 What disgrace in private relations does not cling to your reputation? If some poet of surpassing genius wished to represent one most base man, he would be able to find no disgrace which did not attach to Clodius, and he would (of necessity) pass over many deeply fixed and rooted in him. It may happen that, in a shipwreck, you may find some one exhausted, clinging to a board; or that,

1 My country sunk.-2 In the appearance of false pretence.-3 As the other virtues, so also dutifulness cannot be.-4 Make a stone to hang.-5 Want of restraint of mind.- Haughty speech.-7 Over some, vexation; over others, terror.-8 What mark of domestic infamy (infamy in domestic relations) has not been burnt into your life?

fleeing in a defeat, you may find some one wounded, holding on to a horse. When rash and daring men come to the rudder of the state, the greatest and most wretched shipwrecks take place. Kings, generals, magistrates, senates, peoples, so rule over9 the citizens and allies, as the mind over the body. The end of life is at hand to mortals. To those causes which have united us with each other 10 in affection, duties, length of time, there has been added the love of country; and this has brought it about, that I should prefer your life to my own. Many, in the weakest time of life, either following (the opinion of) some friend, or being taken with one speech of the first person they chance to hear,11 judge concerning things of which they are ignorant; and to whatever school (of philosophy) they have been carried, as it were, by a storm, to that, as to a rock, they adhere. The Tuscan territory is adjacent to the Roman.

9 The governments of kings, &c., are over, &c.-10 Inter nos.-11 With one speech of some one, whom first they heard.

II.

In

In ipsa dubitatione facinus inest. Asia facile omnibus terris antecellit multitudine earum rerum, quae exportantur. Ut magistratibus leges, ita populo praesunt magistratus. summo imperatore quatuor has res inesse oportet, scientiam rei militaris, virtutem, auctoritatem, felicitatem. Arsanes, qui Ciliciae praeerat, reputans quod initio belli Memnon suasisset, quondam salubre consilium sero exsequi statuit. Cupido incessit animo (animum) Alexandri sortis ejus implendae. Vitio adhaerere magnum est dedecus. In formis aliis dignitas inest, aliis venustas. In animis doctissimi illi veteres inesse quiddam coeleste et divinum putaverunt. Petimus a vobis, judices, ut quam fortissime hominibus audacissimis resistatis. Cicero summo studio in salutem reipublicae incubuit. Incumbe in famam honesti viri. Te non poenitebit ad litterarum studia incubuisse. Saepe nobis obrepunt vitia sub nomine virtutum. Pars militum munimentis adjacebant. Moenibus assidet hostis. In hoc judicio acquiescere non possum.

V. THE DATIVE WITH ESSE.

(Exercises, p. 25.)

I.

Darius had a mild and yielding disposition. There is a kind of natural war between the kite and the raven.1 Cultivated

1 The kite has a kind of natural war with the raven.

men have never been at variance2 with the masses with respect to the merits of an orator.3 I contend with you4 in defence of the altars and hearths, and in defence of the temples and shrines of the gods. There are two of these (men called) Titus Roscius, of whom the one is surnamed Capito, and this one, who is present, is called Magnus.

2 Have never had a dispute.-3 Concerning a good orator or not good. I have a contest with you.

II.

Gordium nomen est urbi, quam Sangarius amnis interfluit. Antiocho regi duo erant elephanti, quorum alteri Patroclo nomen erat, alteri Ajaci. Omnibus est memoria et scientiae studium. Publio Scipioni cognomen erat Africanus. Non semper beati sunt ii, quibus sunt divitiae. Tribus oratoribus erat idem Isocratis nomen. Tarquinio cognomen Superbi datum est. Capta urbs Corioli Caio Marcio cognomen Coriolanum dedit.

VI. THE DATIVE WITH ADJECTIVES.

(Exercises, p. 25.)

I.

As a place where there is no harbour cannot be safe for ships, so a mind without fidelity cannot be depended on by friends.2 That is untrue which is usually said by some who do not think rightly, that that is lawful which is useful for him who has the greater power. In all matters, loathing borders most closely on3 the most intense pleasures. If any one, passing by the most honourable studies of reason and duty, devotes all his exertions to the exercise of speaking, he will become1 unprofitable to himself and hurtful to his country; but he who so arms himself with eloquence that he may be able, not to attack the advantages of his country, but to fight in defence of them, will, I think, be a citizen most useful and most friendly both to his own and to the public interests. To every virtue (some) vice will be found most nearly akin, either already called by a fixed name, as audacity, which is most nearly akin to boldness; obstinacy, which is most nearly akin to perseverance; superstition, which is allied to religion; or without any fixed name. Catiline was an object of suspicion and dislike to his fellow-citizens. Actors do not choose the best plays, but

1 Without a harbour.-2 Cannot be steadfast to friends.-3 Is most near to.4 He is trained.-5 A hurtful citizen.-6 Seems to me to be about to be.

those which are most suitable for them. The poet is most nearly akin to the orator: a little more fettered in respect to rhythm; in respect to verbal licence, again, more free; but allied to him and nearly on an equality with him in many kinds of ornament. Although I am sorry that you should suspect me of neglecting you, yet it was not so disagreeable to me to be accused by you of failing in my duty, as it was pleasant to me to find that you required it of me. It was even advantageous for Milo that Clodius should live; for Clodius (on the other hand) the death of Milo was most desirable, in order to the attainment of those ends 9 on which he had set his heart. The services which your father rendered me 10 are most extensive, for no one can be said to be more friendly either to my safety or to my honour. How can any one be the friend of him whose enemy he thinks 11 he may (one day) be? There are some animals in which there is something resembling virtueas in lions, in dogs, in horses. What is called the chief good by the Stoics, to live agreeably to nature, has, as I think, this meaning that nature is always in harmony with virtue. He was bound by oath to the same war as we. Ovid Metam. xiii. 50.

11

12

7 That I am suspected by you on the ground of negligence.-8 It was not so disagreeable to me that my duty should be accused by you, as pleasant, that it should be required.-9 For those things.-10 The services of your father to me. -11 Shall be able-shall think.-12 Arms.

II.

Imminent duo reges toti Asiae, non solum vobis inimicissimi, sed etiam vestris sociis atque amicis. Accusatores Caesarem quum Deiotaro iratum, tum sibi amicum cognoverant. Est hominum naturae, quam sequi debemus, maxime inimica crudelitas. Nemini ego esse possum bene de republica merenti non amicus. Non juri quidquam tam inimicum quam vis, nec aequitati quidquam tam infestum est, quam convocati homines et armati. Aristides Themistocli aequalis fuit. Nullus Romanorum rex Romuli similior erat, quam Tullus Hostilius. Lucii Scipionis nepos vultu patri, vita omnibus perditis hominibus similis erat. Liberalitate nihil est naturae hominis accomodatius. Ex hoc ille animus in proeliis paratus ad vulnera. Quaeris cur ei sim inimicus, cui populus Romanus infestus sit? Nihil est exitiosius civitatibus, nihil tam contrarium juri et legibus, quam, composita et constituta republica, quidquam agi per vim. Multas ad res perutiles Xenophontis libri sunt. Phrygia Troadi est confinis. Non solum corporis, qui ad naturam apti sunt, sed multo etiam magis animi motus probandi, qui ad naturam accomodati sunt.

VII. THE DATIVE OF PLACE WHERE.

(Exercises, p. 27.)

I.

Alexander died at Babylon. The most honourable abode for the aged1 was at Lacedaemon. Arms are of little avail abroad,2 unless there is wisdom at home. The study of letters is a pleasure at home, and no hinderance4 abroad.2 You, Cato, seem to me to teach philosophy in Latin, and to present it, as it were, with the citizenship, whereas hitherto 5 it seemed to be an alien at Rome. Cosanus began to speak at Messana, and to complain that he, a Roman citizen, had been cast into prison. The unhappy man did not understand that it made no difference whether he spoke thus at Messana or in the presence of Verres himself in the praetorium.7 I learned Greek at Athens, not at Lilybaeum; I learned Latin at Rome, not in Sicily. Caesar was at Ravenna and (there) awaited answers to his most reasonable demands. When Anaxagoras was dying at Lampsacus, and his friends inquired if he wished to be removed to Clazomenae in his native country, in case anything should happen,10 he replied: 11 It is not at all necessary, for everywhere there is the same access 12 to the lower world. At Arpinum, a small free-town of Latium, Cicero and Marius were born.

1 Of old age.-2 Foris may mean either out of doors or out of the city, according to the connection. In the first sentence, it has the latter meaning; in the second, the former.-3 Delights.-4 Does not hinder.-5 Which (philosophy), indeed, hitherto.-6 Said these things.-7 The governor's residence.-8 Most gentle.-9 To.-10 If anything should have happened, a euphemism for if he should die.-11 To his friends inquiring if, &c., 'it is not at all necessary,' says he.-12 Just so much road.

II.

Ephesi, in Asiae Minoris urbe, erat splendidum Dianae templum. Fuit Arganthonius quidam Gadibus, qui octoginta regnavit annos, centum et viginti vixit.

Lex rectae rationis

non alia erat Romae, alia Athenis, alia nunc, alia posthac. Pompeius remansit Brundisii cum cohortibus viginti. Tarquinius omnibus publicis privatisque consiliis, domi et militiae, interfuit. Venusiae, in parvo Apuliae oppido, natus est Horatius. Dionysius tyrannus, Syracusis expulsus, Corinthi pueros docebat. Tullus Hostilius corpora juvenum militiae saniora, quam domi esse arbitrabatur. Catullus Veronae natus est, Livius Patavii, Virgilius Andibus, in pago apud Mantuam. Multi negotiatores Romani morabantur Pergami, Smyrnae, Trallibus, Apameae, Adramyttii et in aliis Asiae Minoris oppidis.