volunt, quae ipsi non satis didicerunt. Consules primi sententiam rogabantur. Jugurtha pacem Romanos rogavit. Fortuna, quibus favet, saepe caecos efficit. De hac re Alcibiades diutius celari non potuit. Multae gentes rem militarem a Romanis doctae sunt. Cur me hoc celasti? Cur me hoc non docuisti? Cur me hoc rogas? Cicero omnia edoctus est, quae Catilina moliebatur. Apelles picturae artem a Pamphilo

doctus est.

III. IN, SUB, SUPER, SUBTER.

(Exercises, p. 13.)

I.

Isocrates, speaking of the very ardent disposition of Theopompus and the very soft disposition of Ephorus, said that to the one he applied the spurs, to the other, the bridle. To speak Latin is to be held in great esteem, but not so much for its own sake (for the positive merit of doing so) as because it has been neglected by most people. How many innovations 2 have been established in the case of this very Cneius Pompey, in whose case Quintus Catulus wishes that nothing new should be established! The innovations 2 which have been established in the case of all (other) men within the remembrance of man, are not so many as those which we have seen in the case of this one man. They are wont to speak most copiously both for and against every proposition.3 Great is the power of conscience for happiness and misery. The numbers of the enemy increase daily. The atmosphere is visible and tangible. The meeting of the senate was more numerous than we thought it could be in the month of December, towards the holidays. No small deception lurks under this term. Plato placed anger in the breast, desire in the belly.5 The position of the sun is under the mid heavens.6 Demetrius did not wish anything to be placed over the mound of earth (his grave) but a small pillar.

1 In the case of.-2 New things.-3 Concerning everything proposed, on both sides. In both directions.-5 Under the diaphragm.-6 The sun holds its place under the middle region of the sky. This, of course, refers to notions which prevailed in ancient times.

II.

Antiqui alia in parte animi cupiditatem, alia rationem collocabant. Verba magistri non in aures tuas infundenda sed in animo inscribenda sunt. Alexander redegit urbem Gordium in suam ditionem. Socrates philosophiam devocavit e coelo et in urbibus collocavit et in domos etiam introduxit et coëgit de vita

et moribus rebusque bonis et malis quaerere. Omnium virtutum fundamenta vos in voluptate, tamquam in aqua, ponitis. Adventus vestrorum imperatorum in urbes non multum ab hostili occupatione differunt. Stante republica in agendo plus quam in scribendo operae ponebamus. Equites, pedites, levis armatura in maxime opportunis locis ab imperatore collocantur. Sub nomine pacis bellum latet. Omnia subter virtutem sunt. Super hac re satis dictum est. Sub idem tempus legati Romam redeunt. Milites sub initium veris redire jussi sunt.

IV. ACCUSATIVE OF EXTENT OR DURATION.

(Exercises, p. 14.)

I.

In the interval between the government of the father (Hamilcar) and the son1 (Hannibal), Hasdrubal held the chief power for nearly eight years. Saguntum was by far the most wealthy city on the other side of the Ebro, being situated nearly a mile from the sea. Caesar draws a wall and a trench, nineteen miles long, from Lake Lemannus, which flows into the Rhône, to Mount Jura, which divides the territory of the Sequani from the Helvetii. He has reigned already twentytwo years 2 from that time. That district was distant fifty stadia from the entrance to Cilicia.3 We perceive, both from the offices which he held and from the actions which he performed, that the well-known Appius of old, who was blind for many years, in that misfortune of his 5 failed neither in his private nor in his public duties. Dionysius was the tyrant of the Syracusans for thirty-eight years, having seized on the supreme power when twenty-five years of age.7 Silanus thinks that it is not right for those who have endeavoured to destroy this empire, to enjoy life and this common air for a moment.9 What place was so strongly defended 10 during these years as to be safe?11 What murder has been committed during these years without (the agency of) Catiline?

1 In the middle between father and son.-2 He reigns already the twentythird year.-3 From the approach by which we enter Cilicia.-4 That ancient Appius. Ille has in such cases the force of the celebrated, famous, well-known.— 5 In that his misfortune.-6 Failed in; was wanting to.-7 When he had seized on the supreme power, being twenty-five years old.-8 That is, the air which all breathe alike.-9 For a point of time.-10 Had so strong a defence.-11 That it was safe.

II.

Hannibal paucis post diebus sex millia a Placentia castra communivit. Alexander, unum et viginti annos natus, patri in

imperio successit. Diodoto stoico, caeco, libri noctes et dies legebantur. Hamilcar ita se Africo bello per quinque annos, ită deinde novem annis in Hispania gessit, ut appareret majus eum agitare in animo bellum. Mortuus est Alcibiades, annos ferme quadraginta natus. Caesar duas fossas, quindenos pedes latas, circum Alesiam perduxit. Sulmonensium oppidum a Corfinio septem millium intervallo abest. Quam provinciam tenuistis a praedonibus liberam per hosce annos? Si Pompeius abhinc annos quingentos fuisset, si nunc id, quod is fecisset, contra foedus factum diceretur, quis audiret? Servius Tullius quatuor et quadraginta annos regnavit, Tarquinius Superbus, quinque et viginti. Templum Dianae Ephesiae quadringentos quinquaginta pedes longum erat, ducentos viginti Îatum.

V. ACCUSATIVE OF MOTION TOWARDS.

(Exercises, p. 15.)

I.

When Pompey had come to Rhodes, he wished to hear Posidonius. When Cosanus had been cast into prison by Verres, he fled secretly from the Lautumiae1 and came to Messana. Demaratus, the father of our King Tarquin, because he could not endure the tyrant Cypselus, fled from Corinth to Tarquinii, and settled there.2 Pompey, having learned what had been done at 4 Corfinium, sets out for Canusium and thence for Brundisium. Catiline sent away Caius Mallius to Faesulae and to that part of Etruria, one Septimius of Camerinum to the territory of Picenum,5 Caius Julius to Apulia. Lucretia sends the same message to Rome to her father and to Ardea to her husband, that they should come each with one trusty friend. Venonius came to the house of Ventidius. I shall go to the country.

1 Lautumiae, a prison built by Dionysius.-2 Settled his fortunes.-3 Those things having been learned, which.-4 In the neighbourhood of.-5 Picenum is the accusative of the adjective Picenus, a, um, agreeing with agrum.

II.

Decies mille

Cicero Athenas, inde Rhodum profectus est. Graeci in Persiam profecti sunt, quos Xenophon_in_urbem Athenas reduxit. Quartum jam annum regnante Lucio Tarquinio Superbo, Sybarim et Crotonem et in eas Italiae partes Pythagoras venisse reperitur. Non omnes Graeci, qui Ilium profecti sunt, domum redierunt. Exsules Romani Rhodum, Mitylenen, Massiliam saepe se contulerunt. Lucius rus ivit,

ין

ego domum redii. Prima luce Pomponii domum venit. Rus ex urbe, tamquam ex vinculis, evolavi.

VI. ACCUSATIVE IN EXCLAMATIONS, AND THE MORE FREE USE OF THE ACCUSATIVE.

(Exercises, p. 16.)

I.

O the great folly of fear, so to beware of that which you fear, that, when you might perhaps have been able to avoid it, you, of your own accord, invite and attract it! O unhappy times, (and) our foolish contentions! Happy men that we are! Fortunate state! O the distinguished praise of my consulship! O admirable clemency, (and) worthy to be honoured with all praise and celebration, in writings and monuments! O your unhappy watchings, Plancius! O mournful vigils! O miserable nights! O the deceitful hope and frail fortune of men! The South Wind flies forth with moist wings, having his countenance covered with pitchy darkness.—Övid, Metam. i. 264. (There) stood icy Winter, rough with hoary hairs.—Ovid, Metam. ii. 30. The hero, in ignorance,2 takes and puts on his shoulders the poison of the Lernaean monster.-Ovid, Metam. ix. 157. Hannibal, in approaching 3 the wall without sufficient caution, fell wounded with a dart in the front of the thigh.Livy, xxi. 7. The reign of Tullius, (though) excellent in other respects, had not been sufficiently successful in one point, for the religious ceremonies had either been neglected or improperly performed.-Livy, i. 32. I had already told many distinguished men beforehand, that these persons would come to me at that time.-Cicero, Cat. i. 4. Write something of that kind.-Cicero.

1 Covered as to his countenance.-2 Not knowing what had been done to the robe.-3 While he approaches. The religious ceremonies having either been.

II.

O miseram illorum tem

Stultum senem ! O nos miseros! porum conditionem ! O fortunatos agricolas! Heu turpem nuntium! O terram illam beatam, quae hunc virum exceperit, hanc ingratam, si ejecerit, miseram, si amiserit! Fortem et a vobis conservandum virum! Nuntia Junonis, varios induta colores, Iris erat.—Ovid, Metam. i. 270. Hannibal femur graviter ictus est. Jam id aetatis es, ut hoc intelligere possis. Id genus virtus est.-Cicero.

I. THE DATIVE IN GENERAL-AS REMOTER OBJECT.

(Exercises, p. 17.)

I.

There is no greater theatre for virtue than conscience. I address myself to virtue, not to inactivity, to dignity, not to pleasure to those who think that they were born for their country, for their fellow-citizens, for honour, for glory; not to those who think that they were born for sleep, for feasting, for pleasure. I allow something to your anger; I concede something to your youth; I yield something to our friendship; I grant something to your father. Now I commit and intrust to you my whole case 2 and myself altogether. What gratitude3 is due to him from whom you have received nothing, or what4 can be due to him who has no merit?5 So write to me concerning all matters-great, small, and indifferent, as to a true friend. It is the object of a letter, that he to whom it is written should be informed of those things of which he is ignorant. When geometers wish to shew anything, if to that thing belongs aught of those things which they have formerly shewn, this they take for granted (and proved). I shall humour you, and, as far as I shall be able, explain those things which you wish. I was sorry to hear 10 that saying of yours, that you had lived long enough both for nature and for glory.11 Long enough perhaps, if you choose, for nature; I (shall) add also, if you please, for glory; but, which is of the greatest importance, certainly not long enough for your country.

8

1 My whole speech is with.-2 The whole matter and case.-3 Dutifulness.4 What at all.-5 Of whom there is no merit. The force of these subjunctives is explained afterwards, Gram., § 360, 3.-6 Least, greatest.-7 As to a very friendly man.-8 It belongs to a letter.-9 Is necessary.-10 I heard unwillingly. -11 That is, as long as nature requires, as long as glory requires.

II.

Darius tradit Pharnabazo imperium, quod ante Memnoni dederat. Nihil sapientia praestabilius homini datum est a Deo. Nostris acerbissimis doloribus alia nulla potuit inveniri levatio.

B