II. THE GERUNDIVE.

(Exercises, p. 111.)

I.

Avarice must be avoided. It is not enough to judge what ought, and what ought not to be done, but we ought also to hold by that which we have judged. As religion, coupled with the knowledge of nature, ought to be even propagated, so all roots of superstition ought to be torn up. Not the issues of things, but the intentions of men, are avenged by the laws. We must grieve less when the act is not accomplished, but we must assuredly inflict punishment not the less. The soldiers complained that they must return to those same lands which they had traversed as victors. You must take the greatest pains not to consider2 those things worthy of neglect, which ought to be most diligently seen to. I considered that all my time ought to be devoted to the exigencies of my friends. He who professes to be an orator,3 must speak well on all subjects which may fall under discussion among men, or he must give up the name of orator.4 The body must be exercised and rendered capable of obeying our will and reason, in following out designs and enduring labour. The air arises from the exhalation of the waters; for the air must be considered, as it were, a sort of vapour from them. One day spent well, and according to thy precepts, Philosophy, is to be preferred to an immortality of sin. Let us give ourselves up to her to be trained, and suffer ourselves to be made whole. Mithridates marked out the Roman citizens for slaughter.7

1 To be cast forth.-2 Lest perchance those things should appear to you.3 That he is able to do this; namely, to speak well.-4 Of eloquence. So affected that it may be able to obey.- A sinning immortality.-7 To be put to death and murdered.

II.

Ea deliberanda omnino non sunt, in quibus est turpis ipsa deliberatio. Sunt quaedam officia etiam adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis. In ipso corpore multa voluptati praeponenda sunt, ut vires, valetudo, velocitas, pulchritudo. Multa, quae in libera civitate ferenda non erant, perpessi sumus, alii spe recuperandae civitatis, alii vivendi nimia cupiditate. Medico diligenti, priusquam conetur aegro adhibere medicinam, non solum morbus ejus, cui mederi volet, sed etiam consuetudo valentis et natura corporis cognoscenda est. Si omnia facienda

sint, quae amici velint, non amicitiae tales, sed conjurationes, putandae sunt. Aliae in historia leges observandae sunt, aliae in poëmate. Hoc proelio facto, Caesar, ut reliquas copias Helvetiorum consequi posset, pontem in Arare faciendum curat atque ita exercitum traducit. Prudentia est rerum expetendarum fugiendarumque scientia. Domus iis deripienda data est. Amulius Romulum et Remum ministris quibusdam exponendos tradidit.

GRAMMAR.-CHAPTER LVI.

THE SUPINES.

(Exercises, p. 113.)

I.

A thing cruel to hear, but atrocious to behold! I did not admit1 those whom you had sent to pay me a visit early in the morning. Hannibal was recalled to defend his country. They are making preparations to attack the city. What is so pleasant to hear as an oration abounding in wise sentiments and weighty words, and thoroughly finished? Why do you rush into destruction? This book is useful to read. This wine is pleasant to drink. What is it better to avoid,2 what to seek?

1 I shut out.-2 What is better to be avoided.

II.

Alexander Hyphasin transire constituit, qui difficilis erat transitu. Parentes coram liberis nihil turpe auditu dicere debent. Virgilius et Maecenas quum Capuam venissent, ille cubitum ivit, hic lusum. Miles gregarius, qui aquatum ierat, occultam viam ad castellum invenit, ascensu difficillimam. Anci liberi Suessam Pomatiam exsulatum ierunt.

GRAMMAR.-CHAPTER LVII.

THE PARTICIPLES.

(Exercises, p. 113.)

I.

Mithridates, in his flight, left behind him in Pontus all the plunder which he had collected1 into his own kingdom, from all Asia, in the former war. Your ancestors did not endure an encroachment on the liberty of Roman citizens: will you pass over the taking away of their life? They avenged the violation, by a word, of ambassadorial rights: will you leave (unavenged) the cruel murder of your ambassador?? Will you allow that king to pass unpunished, who has subjected to all kinds of torture, and put to death, the ambassador of the Roman people? If I save you, you will bestow life on me. It seemed to us to be folly to reject 3 the good ideas of any one, if we were offended at some fault of his, or to adopt the faults (also) of one, by some good precept of whose we were attracted.4 Good deeds, misplaced, are ill deeds. It is sufficient not to raise men who have fallen by their imprudence; but to oppress them, when fallen, or to hasten them in their fall, is certainly unworthy of a man. The soldier leaps upon the walls of the city, which is being defended.—Ovid, Metam. xi. 526. I have one ready, says he, to avenge my death; the very man against whom I advised you, will punish you for despising my advice. The famous Publius Scipio seems to me to have been born to accomplish the fall and destruction of Carthage. After it had been besieged, stormed, shaken, almost taken by many generals, he at length, as if by a decree of fate,5 singly overthrew it. The senate has conferred on many illustrious citizens the honour of having well conducted the state, but on me alone, of having saved it. This is glory-the praise of right actions and of great services conferred on the state, which is approved, not only by the testimony of the best men, but also7 by that of the masses. That appears to me to be (true) honour, which is conferred and bestowed on illustrious men, not from the hope

8

1 All those things which he had plundered and collected. Your ambassador put to death with all torture.-3 To retreat from.-4 Because we were attracted by some good precept of his.-5 By a fated issue.-6 The testimony.-7 Not only, but also; both-and also especially.-8 Is wont to appear.

of future favours, but on account of great deserts. Marcus Valerius, the brother of Publicola, seeing the fierce youth Tarquin displaying himself in the first rank of the exiles, being fired also with private ambition, that the same family which had the honour of expelling the kings might have the honour of their destruction,10 set spurs to his horse, and made at him with hostile dart.

9 Glory.-10 That the kings slain might be the honour of the same family, of which the kings expelled were.

II.

Si propter socios, nulla ipsi injuria lacessiti, majores vestri multa bella gesserunt, quanto vos studio convenit, injuriis provocatos, sociorum salutem una cum imperii vestri dignitate defendere? Triumpharunt nostri imperatores de Mithridate; sed ita triumpharunt, ut ille, pulsus superatusque, regnaret. Debilitaturum quid te petis, improbe, munus ?1 Sol, oriens et occidens, diem noctemque conficit. Philosophia est mater omnium bene factorum beneque dictorum. Hoc uno praestamus vel maxime feris, quod colloquimur inter nos et quod exprimere dicendo sensa possumus. Philippo viso, Alexander, levato corpore in cubitum, epistolam a Parmenione missam sinistra manu tenens, accipit poculum et haurit interritus; tum epistolam Philippum legere jubet, nec a vultu legentis movit oculos, ratus aliquas conscientiae notas in ipso ore posse deprehendere. Non potestis, voluptate omnia dirigentes, retinere virtutem. Sapientibus conscientia ipsa factorum egregiorum amplissimum virtutis praemium est. In bona republica et recte factis praemia exstant et supplicia peccatis.

1 Quid petis munus debilitaturum te.

SELECTIONS.

I. SOCRATES.

When Zopyrus, who professed to distinguish1 the nature of a man2 by his external appearance,3 brought together, in an assembly, many faults against Socrates, he was laughed at by the others, who did not recognise those faults in Socrates, but supported by Socrates himself, who said 4 that those faults had been implanted in him by nature, but that he had eradicated them by means of his reason.5-Tusc. Disp. iv. 37.

1 That he could distinguish.-2 Of every one.-3 From his form.-4 When he said.-5 But had been cast out by him, through reason.

II. A WORTHLESS ORATOR.1

A worthless orator, supposing2 that he had excited compassion by the conclusion of his speech, on sitting down,3 asked Catulus if he appeared (to him) to have excited compassion. Very much, indeed, says he; for I think that there is no one so hard-hearted, that your speech has not seemed pitiable to him.— De Orat. ii. 69.

1 Concerning a certain bad orator.-2 When a worthless orator supposed. 3 After he sat down.

III. CYRSILUS.

When the Athenians could not1 sustain the attack of the Persians, and resolved to abandon the city, to leave their wives and children2 at Troezen, to embark and defend the liberty of Greece with their fleet, they stoned to death 3 one Cyrsilus, who advised them to remain in the city, and await Xerxes.-De Off. iii. 11.

1 Could in no wise.-2 The city having been left, their wives and children having been placed.-3 They crushed with stones. -4 Advising that they should.