est, semper esse puerum. Id se facere non sine summo periculo posse arbitrantur. Vident et sentiunt hoc idem, quod et vos, unum virum esse, in quo summa sint omnia, et eum prope esse. Nihil turpius est physico, quam, fieri sine causa quidquam, dicere. Potest probabiliter conjici, eum recte primum esse judicio suo, qui omnium ceterorum judicio sit secundus. Quia quod virum bonum facere oportebat, id loquebatur Naevius, credidit Quinctius, eum, qui orationem bonorum imitaretur, facta quoque imitaturum.

III.

I confess that the consciousness of right intention is the greatest consolation in misfortunes, and that there is no great evil except guilt. When Darius, in his flight, drank some muddy water, polluted with the bodies (of the slain), he said that he had never had a more pleasant draught; for he had never drunk, being athirst. I hear Socrates, who holds pleasure of no account, saying that the best seasoning of food is hunger; and of drink, thirst. Prodicus says that Hercules went out into a solitary place, and, there sitting, was long in doubt when he saw two ways, the one of pleasure, the other of virtue-which it were better to enter upon. Anaxagoras is reported to have said, when word was brought him of the death of his son: I knew that I had begotten him a mortal. The inhabitants of Gordium affirmed that a response had been given by the oracle, that he should obtain possession of Asia who should unloose the insoluble knot. In what torture of mind do we think that Caesar would have lived, if he had foreseen that he would be slain in that senate, which he had chosen for the greater part himself, and lie2 so that no one, not merely of his friends, but even of his slaves, would approach his body! Nature has ordained that some animals should swim, and inhabit the waters; that others should fly, and enjoy the free sky. I trusted, and had persuaded myself, that you would be completely reconciled.5 In those things which are given to men by nature or fortune, I can suffer myself to be surpassed with equanimity. I cannot suffer myself to be surpassed in those things which men can procure for themselves. The Twelve Tables forbid that he who is frantic should be master of his own affairs. We wished that our speeches should be approved by the judgment of the multitude. What can be argued concerning friendship, I advise you to ask of those who profess such matters.-Cic. de Amicit. 5. Others maintain that neither the

1 Doubted within himself long and much.-2 That he would lie, slain.3 Swimming should inhabit.-4 Flying should enjoy.-5 That all things would be reconciled between you.

heart itself, nor any part of the brain, is the soul; but they asserted-some, that the seat of the soul was in the heart; others, in the brain. The rumour of the calamity, the grief of the people, and the tears of her friends, made the mother aware of the so sudden destruction, wondering that the gods had been able, and indignant that they had dared, to do this, and that they had so much authority.—Ovid, Metam. vi. 267. Do not hesitate to intrust all to him singly, who alone, during so many years, has been found such, that the allies rejoice at his arrival in their cities with an army.

6 The seat and place.

IV.

Negant, intueri lucem esse fas ei, qui a se hominem occisum esse fateatur. Scipio negabat, ullam vocem inimiciorem amicitiae potuisse reperiri, quam ejus, qui dixisset, ita amare oportere, ut aliquando esset osurus; nec vero se adduci posse, ut hoc, quemadmodum putaretur, a Biante dictum esse crederet, qui sapiens est habitus unus e septem, sed impuri cujusdam et ambitiosi. Solon quam interrogaretur, cur nullum supplicium constituisset in eum, qui parentem necasset, respondit, se id neminem facturum putasse. Timotheum, clarum hominem Athenis et principem civitatis, ferunt, quum coenavisset apud Platonem eoque convivio admodum delectatus esset vidissetque eum postridie, dixisse: Vestrae quidem coenae non solum in praesentia, sed etiam postero die, jucundae sunt. Mihi nunquam persuaderi potuit, animos, dum in corporibus essent mortalibus, vivere, quum exissent ex iis, emori, nec vero tum animum esse insipientem, quum ex insipienti corpore evasisset, sed quum, omni admistione corporis liberatus, purus et integer esse coepisset, tum esse sapientem. Nicetas Syracusius, ut ait Theophrastus, coelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet, neque, praeter terram, rem ullam in mundo moveri. Leviter armati intentos arcus habebant, moniti, non iter ipsos inire, sed proelium. Parricidas insui voluerunt majores nostri in culeum vivos atque ita in flumen dejici. Videmus, ut pueri aliquid scire se gaudeant, ut aliis narrare gestiant.

III. PECULIARITIES IN THE USE OF THE ACCUSATIVE WITH THE INFINITIVE.

(Exercises, p. 104.)

I.

Immortal gods! that any one should be possessed of such audacity! Unparalleled audacity! not to have been afraid of the power of the gods and the opinion of men! A certain learned

and particularly erudite man is said to have come to Themistocles, and to have promised to teach him the art of memory. Some think that the heart itself is the mind; others considered that a certain part of the brain held the sovereignty of the mind. I am proved to be your father by my fatherly fear.—Ovid, Metam. ii. 92. All the gods confess that they cannot drive the chariot of the sun. I swear to you-if only the Fates allow me1

-that I shall return before the moon twice fills her orb.Ovid, Metam. xi. 451. Alexander replied, that he would order the captive Greeks to be restored to their friends at the end of the Persian war.- -Curt. iii. 2. Alco, thinking that he would effect something by entreaties, passed over to Hannibal by night, without the knowledge of the Saguntines.-Livy, xxi. 12. Some augured to the contrary, saying that, since the camp of the Macedonians had appeared enveloped in light, it portended splendour to Alexander, who, they did not doubt, would obtain possession of Asia, since Darius had been in the same dress when he was proclaimed king.—Curt. iii. 6. You see that nothing is so like death as sleep. I know that man is born for action, as the horse for running, as the ox for ploughing. Epicurus thinks that the sun is as large as it appears, or a little either larger or smaller.

1 If only the Fates send me back.

II.

Essene hominem, qui patriam victam, quam victricem, malit! Virtus nobis summum bonum videtur, vitium summum malum. Principes civitatis conjurationem inisse dicuntur. Nuntiatum est, hostium exercitum non longe abesse. Haec fama vera esse demonstrabatur. Te iisdem rebus, quibus me, inductum esse arbitror. Quinctium non melius, quam te, de patria meritum esse putamus. In altero exercitu tantum fuisse animum, quantum in altero, credo. Puto fore ut eadem tibi accidant, quae ceteris fortibus et praeclaris viris contigerint.

IV. THE ORATIO OBLIQUA.

(Exercises, p. 105.)

I.

The consuls send written injunctions to Caesar, of which this was the sum: let Caesar return to Gaul, depart from Ariminum, disband his armies; if he did this, Pompey would return to Spain. Caes. Bell. Civ. i. 10. The Gauls being brought forward, said that letters, and an oath in confirmation,1 had been given them by Lentulus, Cethegus, and Statilius for their nation, and that they had been enjoined by them and Cassius to send cavalry into Italy as soon as possible, (and assured) that infantry would not be wanting (to them); that Lentulus, moreover, had assured them, from the Sibylline oracles, and from the responses of the haruspices, that he was the third Cornelius, to whom the sovereignty of this city and empire was destined to fall,2 Cinna and Sulla having been the two before him.3— Cic. in Catil. iii. 4. When the fall of Saguntum was reported at Rome, at once such grief and pity for the revolting destruction of the allies, and shame at not having assisted them, and anger at the Carthaginians, and fear for the common weal, took possession of the senate that, as if the enemy were already at their gates, agitated with so many emotions at once, they were incapable of deliberation, from confusion and alarm.4 (that) never had an enemy, more fierce and warlike, engaged with them, and never had the state of Rome been so low and weak. The Sardinians, the Corsicans, the Istrians, the Illyrians, had stimulated rather than tried the Roman strength,5 and with Gaul a series of risings rather than a regular war had been carried on. Their veteran Carthaginian enemy, always victorious among the Spanish tribes, accustomed to a most impetuous general, fresh from the destruction of a most wealthy city, were crossing the Ebro; were stirring up and drawing along with them so many tribes of Spaniards, and would rouse the Gallic nations, who were always desirous of war. They should have to fight with the whole world, in Italy, and before the walls of Rome.-Livy, xxi. 16. Weeping, they complained that their king had been prematurely cut off.7 Who would conduct their retreat, who would dare to succeed Alexander?

For

1 An oath and letters.-2 To whom it was necessary that the sovereignty should come.-3 That Cinna and Sulla had been before him.-4 That they were in a state of trepidation, rather than deliberated.-5 Arms.-6 Were drawing with them so many stirred up tribes of Spaniards.-7 Snatched away and cut off.-8 Who would give the signal to them fleeing.

Even supposing that they should penetrate, in their flight, to the Hellespont, who would prepare them a fleet in which to cross ?—Curt. iii. 11. The plebs, abandoned by their friends, feared the violence of the senate; the senate were afraid of the plebs that remained in the city, uncertain whether they should prefer them to remain or to go away. Moreover, how long would the multitude that had withdrawn be peaceable; what would happen, then, if any external war should break out in the meantime? They considered that there was assuredly no hope left, save in the agreement of the citizens.-Livy, ii. 32. Lentulus sends a letter to Volturcius, of which a copy is given below: 'Who I am, you will learn from him whom I have sent to you. See that you reflect in what misfortune you are, and remember that you are a man. Consider what your interest requires; seek help from all, even from the lowest.' In addition to this he sends a verbal message: Since he had been declared an enemy by the senate, with what intent would he reject (the assistance of) slaves? In the city, all things were prepared which he had commanded; let him not delay to approach himself.-Sall. Catil. 44. Darius said, that he would not commit the so great crime of ordering his own soldiers to be slain who more of foreign nations would then intrust their safety to him, if he should imbrue his hands in the blood of so many soldiers? No one ought to pay for a foolish advice with his head; for men would be wanting to give advice, if there were danger in advising.9—Curt. iii. 18.

9 If to have advised were danger.

II.

Equitibus Romanis litterae ex Asia quotidie afferuntur: Bithyniae, quae nunc vestra provincia est, vicos exustos esse complures; regnum Ariobarzanis, quod finitimum est vestris vectigalibus, totum esse in hostium potestate; Lucullum, magnis rebus gestis, ab illo bello discedere; huic qui successerit, non satis esse paratum ad tantum bellum administrandum.-Cic. pro Leg. Manil. 2. Alexander a Parmenione litteras accipit, quibus ei denuntiabat, ne salutem suam Philippo committeret: mille talentis a Dario et spe nuptiarum sororis ejus esse corruptum.-Curt. iii. 13. Vocibus consulis, terrore praesentis exercitus, minis amicorum Pompeii plerique patrum compulsi, inviti et coacti, Scipionis sententiam sequuntur, uti ante certam diem Caesar exercitum dimittat, si non faciat, eum adversus rempublicam facturum videri.-Caes. Bell. Civ. i. 2. Vetera quoque omina, ut fit, sollicitudo revocaverat: Darium enim in principio imperii vaginam acinacis Persicam jussisse