severe, is short; if long-continued, slight. What is there of long continuance in the life of man? II. Catoni et Caesari genus, aetas, eloquentia prope aequalia fuere; magnitudo animi par, item gloria. Fundamentum perpetuae commendationis et famae est justitia, sine qua nihil potest esse laudabile. Injustitia et intemperantia sunt fugiendae. Jam pridem pater mihi et mater mortui sunt. Non omne laude dignum est, quod laudabile dicitur ab hominibus honestumque habetur. Catilinae ab adolescentia bella intestina, caedes, rapinae, discordia civilis grata fuere. Democritus affirmavit ex corpusculis quibusdam effectum esse coelum atque terras. Polycrates Samius appellabatur felix. Athenienses acutiores habebantur quam Thebani. Virtus fidesque vestra spectata1 mihi sunt.— Sall. Cat. 20. 1 See Gram., § 240 (a), note. III. WHEN THE PREDICATE IS A SUBSTANTIVE. (Exercises, p. 8.) I. Taxes are the sinews of the commonwealth. Action is, as it were, the speech of the body. The body is, as it were, a vessel or (some) receptacle of the mind; whatever is done by your mind, that is done by you. The mind of a man is the man,' not that figure which can be pointed to with the finger. The countenance is the image, the eyes are the indices,2 of the mind. Angor is an oppressive grief; luctus, grief (arising) from the bitter loss of one who has been 3 dear (to us); moeror, a tearful grief; aerumna, a toilsome grief; dolor, a torturing grief; lamentatio, a grief (accompanied) with wailing; sollicitudo, grief (accompanied) with thought; molestia, an abiding grief; afflictatio, grief (accompanied) with violent treatment of the body; desperatio, grief without any hope of improvement.5 Eloquence is the companion of peace and the associate of tranquillity, and, as it were, a kind of pupil of a state in which order has been established.6 The material of things, of which and in which all things consist, is all capable of being moulded and changed; it is Divine Providence, moreover, that fashions and directs the whole. Not every error is to be called folly. 1 The mind of every one, that is every one.-2 That is, they betray the real state of the mind.-3 The reason of the subjunctive fuerit is explained, Gram., § 360, 3.-4 Such as beating the breast.-5 Of better things.-6 Of an already wellsettled state.-7 Divine Providence is the fashioner and governor of the whole. Wisdom is the mother of all good qualities (acquirements). Wisdom is the guardian and overseer of the whole man, the companion and assistant of nature. This entire universe is to be considered one state common to gods and men.-Cic. de Leg. i. 7. What is now called Eleusis, (this) was the territory of the aged Celeus.-Ovid, Fast. iv. 507. Speech is the founder of human society. History is the witness of 10 events, the light of truth, the life of memory, the mistress of life, the messenger of 11 antiquity. Philosophy is the guide of life, searches out virtue and drives out vices,12 is the inventress of laws, the mistress of morals and education. Friendships are not only the most faithful promoters, but also the authors of pleasures, as well to one's friends as to one's self. The one virtue of justice is the mistress and queen of all virtues. The sun is the leader and chief and ruler of the other luminaries. 8 Existimanda est, fuere, agreeing with the predicate; see Gram., § 241, note.— 9 There are two forms, Eleusis and Eleusin.-10 Testis, one that gives information with regard to anything.-11 Nuntia, one that brings intelligence.-12 Is the searcher out of virtue and the expeller of vices. II. Oratio est interpres mentis. Sapientia est rerum divinarum et humanarum scientia. Sensus non comites solum virtutum sed etiam ministri sunt. Prudentia est rerum bonarum et malarum scientia. Partes ejus memoria, intelligentia, providentia. Memoria est, per quam animus repetit illa quae fuerunt. Intelligentia est, per quam ea perspicit quae sunt. Providentia est, per quam futurum aliquid videtur ante quam factum sit. Ea loca, quae Numidae possedere, Numidia vocatur. Virtus recte summum bonum existimatur, vitium summum malum. Philippi erant colonia Romanorum. Oraculum erat datum, si rex interfectus esset, victrices Athenas fore. Raro ii habemur, qui revera sumus. Brutus et Tarquinius Collatinus primi consules Romae creati sunt. Ex eloquentia ad rempublicam plurima commoda veniunt, si moderatrix omnium praesto est sapientia. Pecunia est effectrix multarum et magnarum voluptatum. Catilina et Mallius hostes a senatu judicati sunt. Doryphori vocabantur proximum his agmen, soliti vestem excipere regalem.-Curtius, iii. 7. Verri Messana adjutrix scelerum erat, furtorum receptrix, flagitiorum omnium socia. Legem esse oportet vitiorum emendatricem commendatricemque virtutum. Athenae erant inventrices multarum artium. Leges optimae civium patronae sunt. IV. WHEN THE SUBJECT IS ACCOMPANIED BY AN APPOSITION, AND WHEN THE SUBJECT CONSISTS OF A WHOLE CLAUSE. (Exercises, p. 10.) I. Corinth, the ornament (light) of all Greece, was destroyed (extinguished) by the Romans. The light-armed troops, with their respective leaders, came (were) last. The city of Mitylenae is particularly famous, both for its natural situation1 and for the arrangement and beauty of its buildings; its territory 2 is pleasant and fertile. The city of Soli was taken by Alexander. To have the same desires and aversions,3 that, indeed, is firm friendship. It is more difficult to make an end of speaking on this subject than to find a commencement.4 It is disgraceful not to have learned little, but to rest satisfied foolishly and long with 5 the little that we have learned. What is so royal,6 so noble, so generous, as to afford help to suppliants, to raise those who are cast down, to bestow safety, to free from dangers? I Nature and situation.-2 Agri, lands, territory; supply sunt.-3 To wish the same thing, and not to wish the same thing. To find the end than the beginning of this speech.-5 To rest satisfied with, to have persisted in.-6 Worthy of a king. II. Veii, urbs Etruriae, quae multa cum Romanis bella gesserat, a Camillo diruta est. Milites, pro se quisque, precari coepere, ne festinatione periculum augeret. Susa, opulentissima urbs Persiae, ab Alexandro diruta est. Athenae, nobilissima urbs Graeciae, saepe diruta est. Apiolae, Latinorum oppidum, a Tarquinio rege captum est. Syracusae, Siciliae urbs, a Marco Marcello capta est. In fuga salutem sperare, quum arma, quibus corpus tegitur, ab hostibus averteris, ea vero dementia Ut majoribus vestris pulcherrimum fuit tantam vobis gloriam relinquere, sic vobis turpissimum est, id, quod accepistis, tueri et conservare non posse. Non tam praeclarum est scire Latine, quam turpe nescire. est. THE ACCUSATIVE. I. VERBS GOVERNING THE ACCUSATIVE. (Exercises, p. 11.) 3 I. We are too much afraid of death, exile, poverty. We are chiefly disquieted by our own dishonesty and alarm (arising from it), we are tormented and maddened by our own guilt, we are terrified by our own wicked thoughts and evil conscience.1 The Romans overcame the Carthaginians in all naval engagements. The traveller is not always killed by the robber, sometimes also the robber is killed by the traveller. The Doryphori preceded the chariot of the king. Very great nations were subdued by Caesar. Caesar attacked that part of the Helvetii which had not yet crossed the river Arar. Cranes in crossing the sea, form a triangle. We must take the greatest pains to excel men in the one thing in which chiefly men are superior to the beasts.4 You lament the loss of three armies 5 of the Roman people. When I heard the words of the fugitive slave accusing his master, I grieved at the fallen fortunes of the king. The Nile waters Egypt, and, when it has kept it submerged the whole summer, then retires and leaves the fields softened and enriched for sowing. Willingly undergo all labours. To sin is, as it were, to cross the (boundary) lines of right. Wisdom is always contented with that which is present, and is never dissatisfied with herself. 1 His own dishonesty and his own alarm disquiet every one, &c. Amentia afficere, to affect with madness, to madden. Conscientiae animi; literally, consciousnesses of the mind.-2 When they cross the seas.-3 Make the form of a triangle. We must labour very much in this, that in what one thing men chiefly excel the beasts, in this we may excel men themselves.-5 Three armies destroyed. Covered and filled.-7 Enriched, with alluvial deposit; literally, covered with mud.-8 Hence the force of the word transgress. II. Spartiatas superavere Thebani, Thebanos Macedones vicerunt, Macedones Asiam subegerunt. Principes invidiam maledicorum non facile effugiunt. Socrates noluit e carcere1 effugere, quod 1 See Gram., § 250, note 4. amici suaserunt. Carthaginienses omnibus navalibus pugnis a Romanis victi sunt. Mithridates a Sertorio adjutus est. Omnis Britanniae oras mare circumfluit. Multa antiquos fefellerunt, quae nunc vulgus non fallunt. Mors, exsilium, paupertas nimium a nobis timentur. Non pudendo, sed non faciendo id, quod non decet, impudentiae nomen effugere debemus. Athenienses a Lacedaemoniis contra communem hostem, Persas, adjuti sunt. Hannibal quum Alpes transisset, terror invasit Romanos. Sunt homines quos infamiae suae neque pudeat neque taedeat. Hamilcar Mare Medium cum classe transvectus est. Si talium civium vos taedet, ostendite. Exercitus diuturnam et acrem pugnam pugnaverunt. Omnis sensus hominum multo antecellit sensibus bestiarum. Quantum natura hominis pecudibus reliquisque bestiis antecedit! II. VERBS GOVERNING TWO ACCUSATIVES.. (Exercises, p. 12.) I. The Helvetii conveyed three-fourths of their forces across the river Arar. Ariovistus conducted a great multitude of Germans across the Rhine. The Euphrates renders Mesopotamia fertile. The inhabitants call that district Pylae, a very narrow pass, resembling by its natural situation artificial fortifications.2 Pompey rendered all the seas safe from pirates. Let us neither ask our friends for anything disgraceful,3 nor do anything disgraceful when asked ourselves.4 Caesar kept demanding from the Aedui the corn which they had promised. Lucius Cotta being asked his opinion, said that nothing had been done in my case lawfully, nothing according to the usage of our ancestors. I wish to give you this advice,6 that you may consider yourself to be what? you are. He did not wish to keep you in ignorance of the arms, the sword, the plot.-Cic. pro Rege Deiot. vi. To what dost thou not urge on the desires of men, accursed thirst for gold !9 1 See Gram., § 110.-2 Imitating by its natural situation the fortifications which we make with the hand.-3 Disgraceful things.- Nor, being asked, do them.-5 Concerning me.-6 I wish you to be advised of this.-7 Such as.8 Mortal breasts.-9 Hunger of gold. II. Romani imperatorem Hannibal exercitum Alpes traducit. Titum delicias humani generis appellaverunt. regni sui atque divitiarum heredes instituit. |