perfect health. When the injected blood was from an animal of a different species, but whose globules had the same form, though a different size, the animal was only partially relieved, and could seldom be kept alive for more than six days, the animal heat diminishing with remarkable rapidity. When the blood of an animal with sphe rical globules is injected into a bird, it usually dies under the most violent nervous affections, as if under the influence of the most intense poison; and this takes place even when only a small quantity of blood has been lost. In a great number of cases cats and rabbits were restored for some days by the injection of the blood of cows and sheep, even when the injection of the blood was not made till twelve or even twenty-four hours after the blood was extracted from the latter. The blood was kept in a fluid state in a cool place, either by taking away a certain quantity of fibrine or adding a 1000th part of caustic soda. When the blood of sheep was injected into ducks, they died after rapid and strong convulsions.-Bib. Univ. Hooping Cough Dr. Archer, an American physician, says, relative to the cure of the hoopingcough by vaccination, "I have vaccinated six or eight patients that had the hooping-cough, and in every case it has succeeded in curing this most distressing disease. The hooping-cough does not come to its height in less than six weeks from its commencement, and then, when a favourable termination is expected, the declension of the disease is gradual, and it does not terminate in less than six weeks more. To arrest this afflicting disorder in its progress, I would recommend vaccination in the second or third

c.

week of the hooping-cough, when the symptoms of the hooping cough are fully ascertained, then to vaccinate. Should the convulsive cough be violent, I should immediately vaccinate; being well-assured that the distressing symptoms of the hooping-cough are checked by vaccine disease. The termination of the vaccine disease will be the termination of the hooping cough."

Phenomenon attending the Earthquake at Zante. At the time when the desolating earthquake, that lately occurred at Zante, took place, a remarkable circumstance was observed just preceding the shock. Three or four minutes before, there was seen, at the distance of two miles from the point or promontory of Geraca, which is to the South-east of the island, a kind of meteor burning, and almost swimming on the sea, and which continued luminous five or six minutes; at the distance from which it was seen, it seemed to be five or six feet in diameter. Could this be hydrogen gas, emanating from some volcanic submarine cavern, and which, issuing out of the water in an aëriform column, sought to come in contact with the electrical matter of the atmosphere?

Luminous Marsh. M. Doe being surprised by night in the forest near Boulancourt, in the neigh bourhood of Brienne, department de l'Aube, was witness to a very brilliant luminous phenomenon which took place in a neighbouring marsh.

It began about two o'clock in the morning, apparently at one of the openings of the wood on the western side, while the sky was serene, the stars brilliant, and the air calm and temperate. fire burnt quietly without jets or undulations, in the form of a qua

The

drangular pyramid. The colour of the flame was a pale red, verging on white, and the appearance of the whole like sunset, when it takes place behind a red cloud girt by a dark zone. It was found to be a marsh of half a league in

extent, traversed by ditches, which furnished the phosphoric matter of the flame. The greatest height of the luminous matter was 10 or 12 feet; there was no heat, but it was bright enough to read by.--Journal de Physique.

New South Iceland.The following interesting particulars respecting a southern continent were learnt from captain Nathaniel B. Palmer, of the sloop James Monroe, arrived at Stonington, United States, from South Shetland. Captain Palmer proceeded in the James Monroe from the Shetland Isles to the continent, and coasted it, from abreast of the isles to the eastward, as far as 44 degrees west longitude, keeping as near to the shore as the edge of firm ice would admit. At some places he could coast along shore; at other parts he could not approach nearer the shore than from one to five or six leagues, owing to the firm and fast ice; although it was midsummer there at the time, it being in November, December, and January. In 61 degrees 41 minutes south latitude, 45 degrees 27 minutes west longitude from Greenwich, the coast was clear of firm ice; and here they discovered a fine harbour, lying about one mile within the entrance of Washington Strait, which harbour was named Palmer's Harbour, where he came to anchor. He found not the least appearance of vegetation on the land, excepting the winter moss. Neither did he here discover

any animals, only a few sea leopards, beautifully spotted. Of birds there were penguins, Port Egmont, or sea hens, white pigeons, and gulls. There is now no doubt that there exists a south continent, and that captain Cook's "Southern Thule" belongs to it. Captain Palmer could discern the mountains covered with snow, in the interior, as he sailed along the

coast.

Geography of Greenland.--Captain Scoresby has made considerable additions to our knowledge of the Arctic regions during the past summer. Engaged in the whale fishery, his ship, the Baffin of Liverpool, obtained her cargo (nine whales, producing 195 tuns of blubber), near the east coast of Older West Greenland, which has also been named Lost Greenland, from the long period it was invisible to Europeans. Within sight of this interesting country, captain Scoresby remained for three months, and in the intervals of the fishery employed himself in mak◄ ing observations on the geography and natural history of this hitherto unexplored region. The result has been, a real survey of the coast, from latitude 75 degrees north, down to latitude 69 degrees,

comprising an extent (reckoning the indentations and sinuosities observed) of about 800 miles! The coast visited by captain Scoresby is a continuation towards the north of that on which were planted the ancient colonies from Iceland, the fate of which is still veiled in such deep obscurity. Captain Scoresby has discovered several very extensive inlets, some of which penetrated at least 60 miles within the general outline of the coast, and even these were without any visible termination. From the number and extent of these inlets, from the direction which some of them pursue, and from the many islands with which the coast is flanked, captain Scoresby believes the whole country to be a vast assemblage of islands; and he has grounds for concluding, that some of the inlets are passages communicated with Baffin's Bay.

The general form of the land was found to be so very unlike its representation in our charts, that only three places laid down could be recognized, and the error in the longitude of these, according to most of the charts, was no less than 15 degrees.

Captain Scoresby landed on various parts of the coast and in some of the bays, and on each visit to the shore he discovered traces of inhabitants, some of them apparently recent. In one place

he met with a considerable hamlet of deserted huts, among which were many graves. About this place he obtained many fragments of the domestic and fishing utensils of the inhabitants. Though the weather at sea was generally cold, the thermometer being about 38 degrees or 40 degrees of Fahrenheit, on the hills near this hamlet

it was hot and sultry, and the air swarmed with mosquitos. Captain Scoresby made a large collection of plants and minerals, especially of rocks. He also brought home some 'zoological specimens. Animals of the higher orders were rare in that country; but he shot a white hare, and caught an animal of the genus Mus, with a short tail.

Russian Discoveries.-In the year 1820, a journey of discovery by land was ordered by the government, to explore the extreme north and north-east of Asia. Lieutenants Wrangel and Anjou, of the navy, were chosen for this expedition. After having made the necessary preparations, they departed for Neukolyma in the north-eastern part of Siberia. On the 19th of February, 1821, they left Neukolyma in sledges, drawn by dogs, when the cold was 32 degrees Reaumur, in order to ascertain the position of Schehaladskoi-Noss, which captain Burney lately conjectured might be an isthmus joining Asia with the continent of America. The travellers succeeded in determining the whole coast astronomically, going themselves entirely round the coast, and proceeding a day's journey farther to the west, thus convincing themselves that Asia and America are not united there by an isthmus. On the 15th of March the expedition returned to Neukolyma. On the 22nd of March, Mr. Wrangel undertook a second journey likewise in sledges drawn by dogs, with ten companions, in the direction to the north, in order to look for the great continent which is supposed to exist there. The principal obstacle they met with was the thin ice, which being broken

to pieces by continued storms, was piled up in mountains, and rendered farther progress impossible. At a bear hunt which the company undertook, they observed a sudden bursting of the ice, accompanied by a dreadful noise resembling thunder. On their journey back, which the travellers were obliged to make without accomplishing their object, they surveyed the Bear Islands; and after an absence of 38 days arrived safely at Neukolyma on the 28th of April, where they are to remain for the year 1822, and then to continue their researches.

North-west Land Expedition. Captain Franklin has succeeded in surveying the northern coast of North America, from the mouth of Copper Mine River, for more than 500 miles to the eastward. He found the mouth of that river in latitude 67 degrees 48 minutes, which is 4 degrees less than what Hearne made it; and no point of the coast to the eastward exceeded 68 degrees 20 minutes; in one place it came down to 66 degrees 30 minutes to the Arctic Circle. The sea was studded with innumerable islands, between which and the mainland was an open channel of water four or five miles wide, and from 10 to 40 fathoms deep, no ice whatever, but some small masses here and there adhering to some rock or promontory; all of which is highly favourable to the success of captain Parry, who, however, could not have arrived on the part of the coast to which captain Franklin proceeded, until the latter had left it on his return, which was on the 25th of August, and at which early period the winter set in, and continued with great severity, though, as every

body will remember, we had no winter at all in England.

On the 5th of September, on their return by land, a snow storm occurred, which covered the earth with snow two feet deep; this was the forerunner of all the misfortunes that befel the party. The musk oxen, the rein-deer, the buffaloes, and immense flights of birds, immediately hastened away to the southward. Their provisions were all expended, no fire-wood was to be had; and the fatigue of dragging their baggage through the snow induced them to leave their canoes behind. With great difficulty, and in the utmost distress from cold and want of food, they reached the Copper Mine river, which lay between them and Fort Enterprise, where they had passed the previous winter, and where they expected to find a supply of provisions. There was no wood to construct a canoe, or even a raft, and eight days of the only fine weather during the whole season were lost in fruitless attempts to cross the river, which was at length effected by a sort of boat or basket of rushes, which, with the utmost difficulty and danger, carried over the party, one by one, filling every time with

water.

From this moment the Canadians began to droop, and before they reached their destination, not less than eight of them perished from cold and hunger, the whole party having subsisted almost wholly on a species of lichen which grew on the rocks, and by gnawing pieces of their skin cloaks. With exactly the same hard fare, and sometimes without even that for two or three days together, the five Englishmen, captain Franklin,

lieutenants Hood and Back, Dr. Richardson, and an English seaman, supported themselves by their buoyant spirits, and did all they could to cheer up the desponding Canadian hunters, but in vain; they became insubordinate, refused even to go out in search of game or firewood, straggled away from the rest of the party, and frequently laid themselves down on the snow, indifferent as to what might befall them. With the most anxious desire to preserve their lives, Dr. Richardson and lieutenant Hood consented to remain behind to attend to three of these infatuated people, who were unable, from weakness, to proceed. Two of them died, and the re maining one, a good marksman, and more vigorous than any of the party, became so savage and so ungovernable, that he refused to endeavour to shoot any thing towards their subsistence, or even to fetch a little firewood, which Dr. Richardson and the English sailor were obliged to do; and while this savage was left alone in the tent with lieutenant Hood, the latter being indisposed and sitting over a little fire, he shot him with his musket through the head, and killed him on the spot. After this he became more violent than ever, his looks were wild, and he muttered threats that could not be mistaken, so that Dr. Richardson, for his own safety, and that of the sailor, who had been a most faithful companion, found it necessary to get rid of the monster, by shooting him through the head. Thus, of twenty persons which composed the expedition, ten have perished: eight through cold, fatigue, and famine, and two by violent deaths; but the rest of the

The inhabitants of the coast of Brazil say, that they have made similar observations, but we have no particulars of them. There is a building at Ilheos, which was formerly at a good distance from the sea shore, but is now scarcely a hundred steps from the breakers.

Navigation of the North Atlantic. [Extract of a Letter from Dartmouth, dated Sept. 2, addressed to the Committee of Lloyd's.] "It is well understood by the boatmasters on the coast of Newfoundland, that there is in general a strong current setting in from the eastward, along the western coast, which after passing Cape Pine, tends more towards St. Mary's and Placentia bays. This current is sensibly felt, at