Gauge Theories in the Twentieth CenturyWorld Scientific, 2001 - 380 By the end of the 1970s, it was clear that all the known forces of nature (including, in a sense, gravity) were examples of gauge theories, characterized by invariance under symmetry transformations chosen independently at each position and each time. These ideas culminated with the finding of the W and Z gauge bosons (and perhaps also the Higgs boson). This important book brings together the key papers in the history of gauge theories, including the discoveries of: the role of gauge transformations in the quantum theory of electrically charged particles in the 1920s; nonabelian gauge groups in the 1950s; vacuum symmetry-breaking in the 1960s; asymptotic freedom in the 1970s. A short introduction explains the significance of the papers, and the connections between them. |
Spis treści
1 Gauge invariance in electromagnetism | 1 |
2 Nonabelian gauge theories | 105 |
3 Gravity as a gauge theory | 119 |
4 Gauge invariance and superconductivity | 132 |
5 Spontaneous symmetry breaking and particle physics | 157 |
6 Gaugefixing in nonabelian gauge theories | 173 |
7 Gauge identities and unitarity | 242 |
8 Asymptotic freedom | 271 |
9 Monopoles and vortex lines | 278 |
10 Nonperturbative approaches | 319 |
11 Instantons and vacuum structure | 350 |
12 Threedimensional gauge fields and topological actions | 364 |
13 Gauge theories and mathematics | 368 |
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Kluczowe wyrazy i wyrażenia
arbitrary bosons calculation charge classical components condition conservation consider constant coordinate corresponding coupling covariant defined density derivatives diagrams discussed dual string electromagnetic field electron energy equations of motion Euclidean exist fermions Feynman field theory finite flux gauge field gauge group gauge invariance gauge transformation Goldstone gravitational graviton Green's functions Hamiltonian Higgs Hooft identity instanton integral interaction isotopic spin Lagrangian lattice linear loop Lorentz magnetic monopole mass massless mesons metric Nambu non-Abelian gauge theories obtained parameters particles perturbation theory phase factor photon Phys physical potential problem propagator quantities quantization quark quasi-particle region renormalization result scalar Slavnov solution space space-time symmetry tensor theorem tion vacuum vanish variables vector vortex wave function Weyl Yang-Mills fields Yang-Mills theory zero μ μ μν μυ