Princes of the Pomeranian line. Meftowyn, the laft of thefe, dying without iffue in 1295, left his dominions to Premislaus II. prince of great Poland. But the margrave of Brandenburg took it, and kept it from 1310 to 1466; after which it fell under Poland; but was feized, with other parts of that unfortunate kingdom, by Frederick William II. K. of Pruffia, in 1793. See POLAND, $25.) The chief towns are DANTZICK and Star. gard, now in the power and poffeffion of France. POMERO, a town in Istria; 6 miles SSE. of

Pola.

To POMMEL. v. a. [This word feems t

with any thing thick or bulky, to beat black an blue; to bruife; to punch.

(1.)* POMEROY. n. f. A fort of apple. come from pommeler, Fr. to variegate.] To bea (1.) POMEROYALS Ainsworth. (2.) POMEROYAL. See PYRUS, N° 4. POMESANIA, a large country of W. Prussia, which extends from E. to W. from the river Pafferge, as far as the Viftula, between E. and W. Pruffia. It is full of lakes and moraffes.

POMET, Peter, an able druggist at Paris, born in 1658. He collected at a great expence from all countries drugs of every kind, and rendered himself celebrated by his book, entitled Hiftoire Generale des Drogues, which is the moft complete book on the subject that has yet been printed. He died in 1699.

POMEY, Francis, a learned Jefuit, well known for his Pantheon Myfticum, which Andrew Tooke tranflated, and published in his own name, without once mentioning the original author's name. Pomey was well verfed in Latin. He died in 1673, aged 55.

(1.) POMFRET, John, an English poet, fon of the rector of Luton in Bedfordshire, was born in - 1667, and educated at Cambridge; after which he took orders, and was prefented to the living of Malden in Bedfordshire. In 1703 he went to London, where he died of the finall pox, aged 35. His Choice has been much read, and much admired. Dr Johnfon fays, "He pleases many, and he who pleases many must have merit."

(2.) POMFRET, a town of Connecticut, in Windham county, 20 miles NE. of Windham, and 265 from Philadelphia.

* POMIFEROUS. adj. [pomifer, Lat.] A term applied to plants which have the largest fruit, and are covered with thick hard rind, by which they are diftinguished from the bacciferous, which have only a thin skin over the fruit.—All pomiferous herbs, pumpions, melons, gourds, and cucumbers, unable to fupport themfelves, are either endued with a faculty of twining about others, or with clafpers and tendrils whereby they catch hold of them. Ray.-Other fruits contain a great deal of cooling vifcid juice, combined with a nitrous falt, fuch are many of the low pomifer; ous kind, as cucumbers and pompions. Arbuthnot on Aliments.

POMMAREZ, a town of France, in the dep. of Landes: to miles NE. of Dax.

POMME, or PoмMETTE, in heraldry, is a crofs with one or more balls or knobs at each of

the ends.

* POMMEL ». . [pomeau, Fr. pomo, Italian; appel van t' Swaerd, Dutch.] 1. A round ball or

knob.

Like pommels round of marble clear,
Where azur'd veins well mixt appear. Sidary.

POMMERCULLA, in botany, a genus of the monogynia order, belonging to the triandria claf of plants; and in the natural method ranking un der the 4th order, Gramina. The calyx is bival ved, and shaped like a top; the valvula quadrifid and bearded on the back. The corolla has twy unequal valves; the filaments three, with lon pointed antheræ; the ftyle fimple. The who flower forms itself into a tharp point, and the co rolla ferves as a covering to the feed, which long, clear, and smooth. There is only one fpe cies, viz.

POMMERCULLA DIANTHOIDES.

POMMERIEUX, a town of France, in the de partment of the Maine; 3 miles SE. of Craon. POMMERIT, a town of France, in the dep. the North coafts; 4 miles NE. of Guingam and 44 SSE. of Pontrieu.

POMMIERS, a town of France, in the dep. Gironde; 6 miles W. of Reolle.

(1.) POMERIUM, in Roman antiquity, wat according to Livy, that space of ground, bat within and without the walls, which the augur at the first building of cities, folemnly confecra ted, and on which no edifices were allowed to b raifed. Plutarch gives this account of the cere mony of drawing the pomerium: "They dug trench, and threw into it the firft fruits of things, either good by custom, or neceffary by nature; and every man taking a small turf earth of the country from whence he came, they caft them in promifcuously. Then making thi trench their centre, they defcribed the city in circle round it. After this, the founder, yoking # bull and cow together ploughed a deep furrow with a brazen ploughshare, round the bound The attendants took care that all the clods fell inwards, i. e. towards the city. This furrow they called pomarium, and built the wall upon it." Plutarch, in this account, is to be understood fpeaking of Rome.

(2.) POMOERIUM PROFERRE, fignifies to ex tend or enlarge a city, which could not be dose by any but thofe who had taken away fome part of an enemy's country in war. But th qualification was fometimes difpenfed with. P marium is quafi pone mania, i. e. bebind the walls.

(1.) POMONA, in mythology, the tutelar de ty of orchards and fruit trees. See VERTUMNU (2.) POMONA, in geography; for MAINLAND N° 1; and ORKNEY, § 8.

POMOZDINSKOL, a town of Ruffia, in Vita chegdag 18 miles NE. of Sifolk.

POM

* POMP. n. S. [pompa, Latin.] 1. Splendour; pride

Take phyfick, pomp,

Expofe thyfelf to feel what wretches feel. Shak. A proceffion of fplendour and oftentation.The bright pomp ascended jubilant. Milton. Of your own pomp yourself the greatest part. Dryden. -Such a numerous and innocent multitude, chathed in the charity of their benefactors, was 1 more beautiful expreffion of joy and thanksgiving, than could have been exhibited by all the preps of a Roman triumph. Addison.

(i.) POMPADOUR, J. A. Poiffon, marchiones of, a celebrated mistress of Lewis XV. was the daughter of a financier, and famed for her bauty. She was wife of M. D. Etoile when Lewis first noticed her, and lavished on her a profafion of favours. She died in 1764, aged 44. (1) POMPADOUR, a town of France, in the department of Correze; 74 miles SW. of Uzerches. POMPEII, in ancient geography, a town of Campania, near Herculeanum, and deftroyed a ag with it by the great eruption of Vefuvius in the time of Titus. See HERCULEANUM. It is about 15 miles from Naples, and 7 from Portici. Two ftreets of confiderable length, one 18 feet wide, including the foot paths of 3 feet on each de, and one parallel to it much narrower, have hem long perfectly cleansed from rubbish, and are is good prefervation. The fhops are generally on ce fide, and the dwelling houfes on the other. Abarban villa is alfo completely uncovered; and the French lately cleared a small portion in dferent parts of the town. Each houfe has a court. In fome of them are paintings in fresco, principally in chiaro scuro; and their colours not in the leaft injured by time. The street is paved with irregular ftones covered by lava of a foot and half, or two feet long, like the Appian way. The tume Pompeii is inscribed over the gateway. The keletons in it were innumerable. See Swinburne's Travels, vol. 2. Lady Miller's Letters, &c.

POMPEIOPOLIS, a town of Cilicia, formerly called Soli: 2. a town of Paphlagonia, originally oiled Eupatoria; both named after Pompey the Great.

In his 26th year, he conquered Sicily, then in the power of Marius; and in 40 days he recovered all the territories of Africa, which had forfiken the intereft of Sylla. This rapid fuccefs aftonithed the Romans, and furprised even Sylla himself, who complimented him with the title of Great, and gave him a triumph, though at first he refufed it. After Sylla's death, he supported himself against the remains of the Marian faction under Lepidus, and defeated them. He put an end to the war against Sertorius in Spain, and obtained a ad triumph, A. A. C. 73. He was foon after made conful, when he restored the tribunitial power to its original dignity; and in 40 days cleared the Mediterranean of pirates, where they had committed dreadful depredations for many years, and had almost destroyed the naval power of Rome. He next conquered two of the moft formidable enemies of Rome, Mithridates VII. king of Pontus, and Tigranes, king of Armenia. After conquering the Albanians, Iberians, and fome other nations scarce known to the Romans, he received homage from 12 kings at once, and entering Syria, pushed his conquefts as far as the Red Sea; fubdued part of Arabia, made Judæa a Roman province, and returned to Italy with all the pomp of an eastern conqueror. The Romans dreaded his approach, knowing his power, left the bloody profcriptions of Marius and Sylla should be renewed. But he foon difpelled their fears, disbanded his army, and the conqueror of Afia entered Rome as a private citizen. This modeft behaviour increafed his popularity immenfely, and he was decreed another triumph: on which occafion he added 20,000 talents to the public treasury, and 55 millions of drachmæ to the national revenue. He foon after formed the firft triumvirate, by uniting his intereft with that of Cæfar and Craffus; which he ftrengthened ftill farther by marrying Julia, Cæfar's daughter. But this powerful confederacy, which divided the then known world amongst them, was foon broken: Julia died, Cratius was killed, and a civil war broke out between Pompey and Cæfar, wherein the latter was victorious; (See PHARSA LIA and ROME,) and Pompey fled to Egypt, intending to take refuge with Ptolemy Auletes, whom he had placed on the throne. He landed

POMPEIUM. See POMPEII.
POMPEIUS, Cneius, MAGNUS. See POMPEY, at the entrance of the harbour of PELUSIUM;

POMPENAY. See PARDOS.

or

(1) POMPEY, furnamed THE GREAT, CEIUS POMPEIUS MAGNUS, one of the greateft generals of ancient Rome, was the son of Cneius Pompeius, Strabo, and Lucilia. He early diftin guuhed himself in the field of battle, and fought with bravery and fuccefs under his father, whofe courage and military prudence he imitated. He began his career with great popularity; the beauty of his perfon gained him many admirers; and by difplaying his oratory at the bar, he gained anbounded applaufe. During the civil war between MARIUS and SYLLA, he joined the party of the latter; and though then only 23 years of , raifed 3 legions for him; which fecured him the friendship and protection of Sylla during life. VOL. XVII. PART 1.

and on quitting his wife Cornelia and his son, he repeated the two following verfes of Sophocles, The free man who feeks an afylum at the court of a king, will meet with flavery and chains.' He there found death. Scarcely had he landed on the fhore, when Theodore, the rhetorician, of the ifle of Chio, Septimias the courtier, and Achilas the eunuch, who commanded his troops, wishing for a victim to present to his conqueror, ftabbed him with their fwords. At the fight of the affaffins, Pompey covered his face with his mantle, and died like a Roman. They cut off his head, and embalmed it, to offer it to Cæfar, and left his body naked on the fhore. It was thus that this great man, whofe warlike talents had procured the liberty of the feas for the Romans, and added whole kingdoms to their extended empire, was

R

E. Chambers in his Cyclopædia, under APPLE, t not described under POMA, to which he refers. PONCIN, a town of France, in the dep. of the in, near the Ain; 74 miles N. of St Rambert, ad to SE. of Bourg en Breffe. Lon. 23. 4. E. emo. Lat. 45. 43. N. (1)*POND. n. f. [fuppofed to be the fame pound; pindan, Sax, to fhut up. A fmall of or lake of water; a bason; water not rung or emitting any ftream.-In the midst of all place was a fair pond. Sidney.

Through bogs and mires, and oft thro' pond or pool,

There fwallow'd up.

Milton. I might have been fufpected, that the fea was, at the Cafpian is, a great pond or lake, confinto one part. Woodward.—

(3.) POND FOR BREEDING OR FEEDING FISH. Fith-ponds are no fmall improvement of watery and boggy lands, many of which are fit for no other ufe. In making of a pond, its head fhould be at the loweft part of the ground, that the trench of the flood-gate or fluice, having a good fall, may not be too long in emptying. The best way of making the head fecure, is to drive in two or three rows of ftakes above fix feet long, at about 4 feet distance from each other, the whole length of the pond head, whereof the first row should be rammed at least about 4 feet deep. If the bottom is falfe, the foundation may be laid with quick-lime; which flaking, will make it as hard as a ftone. Some lay a layer of lime, and another of earth dug out of the pond, among the piles and stakes; and when these are well covered, drive in others as they fee occafion, ramming in the earth as before, till the pond-head be of the height defigned. The dam fhould be made floping on each fide, leaving a waste to carry off the over-abundance of water in times of floods or rains; and as to the depth of the pond, the deepest part need not exceed fix feet, rifing gradually in fhoals towards the fides, for the fish to fun themselves, and lay their spawn. Gravelly and fandy bottoms, especially the latter, are best for breeding; and a fat foil with a white fat water, as the washings of hills, commons, ftreets, finks, &c. is beft for fattening all forts of fish. For ftoring a pond, carp is to be preferred for its goodness, quick growth, and great increase, as breeding five or fix times a-year. A pond of an acre, if it be a feeding and not a breeding one, will every year feed 200 carps of three years old, 300 of two years old, and 400 of a year old. Carps delight in ponds that have marle or clay bottoms, with plenty of weeds and grafs, whereon they feed in the hot months. Ponds fhould be drained every 3 or 4 years, and the fish forted. In breeding ones, the fmaller ones are to be taken out, to ftore other ponds with; leaving a good ftock of females, at least 8 or 9 years old, as they never breed before that age. In feeding ponds, it is best to keep them pretty near of a fize. *To POND. v. a. To ponder. A corrupt obfolete word.

His pond an ocean, his parterre a down. Pope. POND. In the Tranfactions of the Society inted at London for the Encouragement of Arts, fadures, and Commerce, vol. viii. 1790, there fhort account of a machine for draining ponds sout disturbing the mud. It was communid to the fociety, together with a drawing and lel of the machine, by Lieutenant-colonel DanThe model was made from the defcription machine used by a gentleman near Taunton many years before, for supplying a cascade in leafure-grounds. The colonel's regiment was lying at Windfor; and thinking that the inon might be useful to supply the grand caf at Virginia with water, he made the model, prefented it to the king, who approved of it; fequence of which, a penstock on that prinwas conftructed from the model at one of ponds in the neighbourhood. The colonel is the machine may be useful in the hands of of science, and applicable to filk, cotton, and r mills, where a teady and uniform velocity ater is wanted; which might be regulated at fure, occafioning no current to disturb the or fith, as the ftream conftantly runs from furface. He fays he has often made the exment by the model in a tub of water. Of this hine we have given an engraving from the re mentioned work. (See Plate CCLXXXIII.) 8.1. A is the pipe, loaded with a rim of lead, ach weight as ferves to fink it below the furof the water. B is the discharging pipe, laid ngh the bank HI. C is the joint on which the A turns its form, which is shown in fig. 2. D e ball or float, which, fwimming on the furof the pond, prevents the pipe A from deding deeper than the length of the chain by ch they are connected. E is a chain winding the windlass F, and serving to raife the tube bove the furface of the water, when the maery is not in ufe. G is a ftage. HI is the reprefented as if cut through at I, to thow tube B lying within it. K is a poft to receive tube A when lowered, and to prevent its finkin the mud. In figure 2. A is a caft cylinder, ba plate or cheek, B, which is faftened to the ber of the tube on one fide, but not on the er, as the part of the cylinder C turns in the low of the wooden tube when it is immerged. piece of ftrong fole leather is put infide the fs-plate B, to prevent leaking.

Pleaseth you pond your fuppliant's plaint. Spenfer! PONDA, a town of Hindooftan, in Soonda, 17 miles SE. of Goa, and 20 N. of Carwar.

(1.)* To PONDER. v. a. Į pondero, Latin.] To weigh mentally; to confider; to attend.-Mary kept all these things, and pondered them in her heart. Luke ii. 19.-Colours, popularities and circumftances fway the ordinary judgment, not fully pondering the matter. Bacon.

*

This ponder, that all nations of the earth
Shall in his feed be blessed.
Milton.
Pond'ring future things of wond'rous weight.
Dryden.
(2.) To PONDER. v. a. To think; to mufe;
with on. This is an improper ufe of the word.—
This tempeft will not give me leave to ponder
On things would hurt me more.
Whom pond'ring thus on humán miseries,
When Venus faw, her heav'nly fire bespoke.

R 2

Shak.

Dryden. *PONDER