Maliciously maiming or disfiguring any person, &c.
lying in wait for the purpose.

Mutiny, desertion, &c. by the martial and statute law.
Murder.

Personating bail, or acknowledging fines, or judg-
ments in another's name.

Piracy, or robbing ships and vessels at sea; under
which is included, the offences of sailors forcibly
hindering their captains from fighting.

Prisoners under insolvent acts, guilty of perjury.
Privately stealing, or picking pockets, above one
shilling.

Pulling down houses, churches, &c.

Rape, or the forcible violation of chastity.

Returning from transportation, or being at large in
the kingdom after sentence.

Riots by twelve or more, and not dispersing in an
hour after proclamation.

Robbery of the mail.

Sacrilege.

Setting fire to coal mines.

Servants purloining their master's goods, value 40s.

Sending threatening letters (Black Act).

Shooting at a revenue officer; or at any other person,
See the Black Act.

Shop-lifting above five shillings.

Smuggling by persons armed; or assembling armed
for that purpose.

Sodomy, a crime against nature, committed either
with man or beast.

Soldiers or sailors enlisting into foreign service.

Stealing an heiress.

Stealing bonds, bills, or bank notes.

Stealing bank notes, or bills from letters.

Stealing above 40s, in any house.

Stealing above 40s. on a river.

Stealing linen, &c. from bleaching grounds, &c. or destroying linen therein.

Stealing horses, cattle, or sheep.

Stabbing a person unarmed, or not having a weapon

drawn, if he die in six months.

Stealing woollen cloths from tenter grounds.
Stealing from a ship in distress.

Taking a reward for helping another to stolen goods,

in certain cases.

Treason, and petty treason.

Under the former of

these is included the offence of counterfeiting the

gold and silver coin.

Uttering counterfeit money, third offence."-Colquhoun, published in 1800.

NOTE (H) p. 143.

"But when the care of the public safety is entrusted to men, whose authority over their fellow creatures is limited by defects of power and knowledge; from whose utmost vigilance and sagacity the greatest offenders often lie hid; whose wisest precautions and speediest pursuit may be eluded by artifice or concealment; a different necessity, a new rule of proceeding, results from the very imperfection of their faculties. In their hands the uncertainty of punishment must be compensated by the severity. The ease with which crimes are committed or concealed, must be counteracted by additional penalties and increased terrors. The very end for which human government is established, requires that its regulations be adapted

to the suppression of crimes. This end, whatever it may do in the plans of infinite wisdom, does not, in the designation of temporal penalties, always coincide with the proportionate punishment of guilt."-Moral and Political Philosophy, b. vi. c. 9.

NOTE (I) p. 155.

"If any offence existed," said Mr. Whitbread on Sir Samuel Romilly's bill for preventing larceny from dwelling-houses, "a member of parliament had only to apply to this house, and the sledge hammer was instantly held over the offender. We remember the story, that a bill was proposed to make it a capital offence for a Jew to look down an area; which was gravely approved with an amendment, by the introduction of the words or others' after the word Jew."

NOTE (K) p. 175.

"Not a great many years ago, upon the Norfolk circuit, a larceny was committed by two men in a poultry yard, but only one of them was apprehended; the other having escaped into a distant part of the country, had eluded all pursuit. At the next assizes the apprehended thief was tried and convicted; but Lord Loughborough, before whom he was tried, thinking the offence a very slight one, sentenced him only to a few months imprisonment. The news of this sentence having reached the accomplice in his retreat, he immediately returned, and surrendered himself to take his trial at the next assizes. The next assizes came; but, unfortunately for the prisoner, it was a different judge who presided; and still more unfortunately, Mr. Justice Gould, who happened to

be the judge, though of a very mild and indulgent disposition, had observed, or thought he had observed, that men who set out with stealing fowls, generally end by committing the most atrocious crimes; and building a sort of system upon this observation, had made it a rule to punish this offence with very great severity, and he accordingly, to the great astonishment of this unhappy man, sentenced him to be transported. While one was taking his departure for Botany Bay, the term of the other's imprisonment had expired; and what must have been the notions which that little public, who witnessed and compared these two examples, formed of our system of criminal jurisprudence.”—Romilly's Observations, p. 18.

NOTE (L) p. 219.

"1°. L'emprisonnement est très-efficace par rapport au pouvoir de nuire. L'homme le plus dangereux pour la société cesse de l'être tant que sa détention continue. Il peut conserver toutes ses inclinations malfaisantes, mais il ne peut plus s'y livrer.

"2°. Sous le rapport du profit, tous les inconvéniens de l'emprisonnement sont improductifs. C'est même une objection contre ce genre de peine que la dépense qu'il entraîne pour le maintien des prisonniers. Et dans ce "calcul de perte, il ne faut pas oublier celle qui résulte de la suspension des travaux pour ceux qui ont une industrie lucrative: perte qui s'étend souvent au-delà même du terme de la détention, par les habitudes d'oisiveté qu'ils ont dû naturellement contracter.

Cette objection tombe d'elle-même dans le plan de prison panoptique, proposé dans le chap. XII.

"3°. Sous la rapport de l'egalite, cette peine est évidemment très-défecteuse; il suffit, pour s'en convaincre de parcourir le catalogue des privations dont elle est composée. L'inégalité est au plus haut degré pour un valétudinaire, et pour un homme robuste pour le père de famille, et pour celui qui ne tient à rien dans le monde-pour le riche accoutumé à toutes les jouissances de la société, et pour l'homme dont l'état habituel est un état de misère.

“4o. Divisible.—Cette peine l'est éminemment sous le rapport de la durée. Elle est aussi très-susceptible de différens degrés de sévérité.

"50. Exemplaire.-Dans le systême actuel des prisons, l'avantage de l'exemple est réduit à peu de chose. Dans le panoptique, la facilité donnée à l'admission du public ajouteroit beaucoup à cette branche d'utilité.

"6°. Simplicite de description.-Sous ce rapport, rien à désirer. La peine est à la portée de tous le degrés d'intelligence et de tous les âges. Le confinement est un mal dont tout le monde a l'idée, et plus ou moins l'experience. Le seul mot prison rappelle donc toutes les idées pénales qui lui sont propres.”—Theorie des Peines & Recompenses, Tom. I. p. 119-122.

d