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To sum man thow mayste tel a pryuy tale:
Whan he fro the ys wente A-way,

ffor a draw3t of wyne other ale 28 he wolle the wrey, by my fay,

And make hyt worse (hyt ys noo nay)
Than euer hyt was, A thowsend dele.
Thys ys my songe both ny3t & day,
32 Whate euer thow sey, A-vyse the welle !

Be ware of bagbytynge, y the rede ;
ley flaterynge vndyr thy foote, loke;
Deme the beste of euery dede

36 Tylle trowth haue serchyd truly be roote;
Rrefrayne malyce cruelle & hoote;

Dyscretly and wysly speende thy spelle;
Boost ne brage ys worth A Ioote;

40 Whate euer thow sey, A-vyse the welle!

Dysese, wharre, sorowe and debate,
ys caused ofte by venemys tonge;
haddywyst cometh euer to late

44 Whan lewyd woordis beth owte y-spronge
The kocke seyth wysly on his songe
'hyre and see, and hold the stylle,'

And euer kepe thys lesson A-monge,

48 Whate euer thow sey, A-vyse the welle!

y dere welle swery by the sonne, yf euery man had thys woord yn thow3t Meny thynggis had neuer be by-gunne 52 That ofte yn Ingelond hath be y-wrozt. The wyse man hath hys sone y-tawztte yn ryches, poorte, woo, and welle; Thys worthy reson for-zete thow nozt, 56 Whate euer thow sey, A-vyse the welle!

You tell a man a secret, and he'll betray it for a

drink of wine.

Mind what you

say.

Avoid backbiting and flattering;

refrain from
malice,

and bragging.

A venomous tongue causes

sorrow.

When words are

said, regret is too late.

Mind what you say.

Had nien thought of this, many things done in England would never have been begun.

See The Wise
Man, p. 48.

To speak aright

observe six things:

1. what; 2. of

whom; 3. where; 4. to whom;

5. why; 6. when.

In every place mind what you say.

Almighty God,

grant me grace to serve Thee!

Mary, mother,

send me grace night and day!

yf that thow wolte speke A-ry3t,
Ssyx thynggys thow moste obserue then :
What thow spekyst, & of what wyzt,

henne;

60 Whare, to wham, whye, and whenne.
Thow noost how soone thow schalt go
As lome be meke, as serpent felle ;
yn euery place, A-monge alle men,
64 Whate euer thow sey, A-vyse the welle!

"Almy3ty god yn personys thre, With herte mylde mekly y praye, Graunte me grace thy seruant to be 68 Yn woorde and dede euer and aye! Mary, moder, blessyd maye,

Quene of hevyn, Imperes of helle,

Sende me grace both ny3t and daye !"
72 Whate euer thow sey, A-vyse the welle!

EXPLICIT &c.

A dog in a larder,

a sow in a garden, a fool with wise men, are ill

matcht.

I Dogg Lardyner, & a Sowe Gardyner.

[MS. O. 9. 38. Trinity College, Cambridge.]

Printed in Reliquiæ Antiquiæ, v. i. p. 233, from MS. Lansdowne
No. 762, fol. 16 vo.

hoo so makyзt at crystysmas A dogge lardyner, And yn march A sowe gardyner, And yn may

A foole

of every wysmanys counsaylle, he schalle neuer haue goode larder, ne fayre gardyn, nother counsaylle welle ykeptt.

Maxims in -ly.

[MS. Lansdowne 762, fol. 16 b, written as prose. Printed in Reliquiæ Antiquiæ, v. i. p. 233.]

Aryse erly,

serue God devowtely
and the worlde besely,

doo thy werk wisely
yeue thyne almes secretely,
goo by the waye sadly,
answer the people demuerly,

goo to thy mete apetitely,
sit therat discretely,

of thy tunge be not to liberally,

arise therfrom temperally,

go to thy supper soberly
and to thy bed merely,
be in thyn Inne iocundely,

please thy loue duely,
and Slepe suerly.

Fear God,

serve your lord faithfully,

be courteous to your fellows.

Despise no poor

man.

Roger Ascham's Advice

to Lord Warwick's Servant.

With the different counsels to babees, pages, and servants, throughout this volume, may be compared Roger Ascham's advice to his brother-in-law, Mr C. H., when he put him to service with the Earl of Warwick, A.D. 1559. Here follows part of it, from Whitaker's Hist. of Richmondshire, p. 282.

First and formost, in all your thoughts, words, and deeds, have before your eyes the feare of God. . . . . love and serve your lord willingly, faithfullye, and secretlye; love and live with your fellowes honestly, quiettlye, curteouslye, that noe man have cause either to hate yow for your stubborne frowardnes, or to malice yow for your proud ungentlenes, two faults which commonly yonge men soones[t] fall into in great men's service. Contemne noe poore man, mocke noe simple man, which proud fooles in cort like and love to doe; find fault with your selfe and with none other, the best waye to live honestlye and quiettly in the court. Carrye noe tales, be noe common teller of newes, be not inquisitive of other menn's talke, for those that are desirous to heare what they need not, commonly be readye to babble what they shold not. Vse not to lye, for that is vnhonest; speake not everye truth, for that is vnneedfull; yea, in tyme and place a harmlesse lye is a greate deale better then a hurtfull truth. Use not Don't play at dice dyceing nor carding; the more yow use them the lesse yow wilbe esteemed; the cunninger yow be at them

Carry no tales,

Tell no lies.

or cards.

the worse man yow wilbe counted. for pastime, love

lord's favourite

idleness.

hand when you're wanted.

and learne that which your lord liketh and vseth most, Take to your whether itt be rydeing, shooteing, hunting, hawkeing, sport. fishing, or any such exercise. Beware of secrett corners and night sitting vp, the two nurses of mischiefe, unthriftines, losse, and sicknes. Beware cheifely of Beware of ydlenes, the great pathway that leadeth directly to all evills; be diligent alwayes, be present every where in your lord's service, be at hand to call others, and be not Always be at ofte sent for yourselfe; for marke this as part of your creed, that the good service of one whole yeare shall never gett soe much as the absence of one howre may lose, when your lord shall stand in need of yow to send. if yow consider alwayes that absence and negligence must needes be cause of greife and sorrowe to your selfe, of chideing and rueing to your lord, and that dutye done diligently and presently shall gaine yow Diligence will get profitt, and purchase yow great praise and your lord's good countenance, yow shall ridd me of care, and wynne your selfe creditt, make me a gladd man, and your aged mother a ioyfull woman, and breed your freinds great comforth. Soe I comitt and commend yow to God's God be with you! mercifull proteccion and good guidance, who long preserve Your ever loving and affectionate brother in lawe.

you praise.

R. ASKAM.

To my loveing Brother in Lawe, Mr C. H., Servant to the Rt. Hon. the Earle of Warwick, these.

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