dothe ete a parte of himselfe rather than the other fisshes eats a bit of sholde ete him hole and all.

BO

Cap, xiii.

himself.

Orbotha be fisshes very slepery, somewhat lyke an ele/ Borbotha. hauinge wyde mouthes & great hedes / it is a swete mete /

(Russell, 1. 735,

and whan it is xij. yere olde, than it waxeth bigge of body. Nota / Botte that is a flounder of the fresshe water / & they Butt, or Flounder swimme on the flatte of their body, & they haue finnes rounde and note 2). about theyr body / & with a sothern wynde they waxe fatte / & they have rede spottis. Brenna is a breme, & it is a fisshe of the riuer/ & whan he seeth the pyke that wyll take hym / than he sinketh to the botom of the water & maketh it so trobelous that the pyke can nat se hym.

Cap. xiiii.

Bream (Russell, 1.

745, 578).

woodcut is a big

Merman. See note, p. 239, here.

? Whale. Russell,

i. 582.)

Are seen most in winter;

Alena is a great beste in the see, and bloweth moche water Balena. (The from him, as if it were a clowde / the shippes be in great daunger of him somtyme / & they be sene moste towardes winter / for in the somer they be hidden in swete brod places of the water where it casteth her yonges, & suffereth so grete payne that than he fleteth aboue the water as one desiringe breed in summer. helpe / his mouth is in the face, & therefore he casteth the more water / she bringeth her yonges forthe lyke other bestis on erthe, & it slepeth / in tempestius weder she hydeth her In rough weather yonges in her mouthe/ and whan it is past she voydeth them out agayne/ & they growe x. yere.

Cance

Cap. xvi.

it

Balena puts her young in her mouth.

Fresh Water
Crayfish).

(Ancer the creuyce is a Fishe of the see that is closed in a Crevice (Sea and harde shelle, hauyng many fete and clawes / and euer crepeth bacward / & the he hathe two pynnes on his bely, & (Russell, 1. 602, 1. the she hathe none / whan he wyll engender, he climmeth on How they her bake, and she turneth her syde towardes him, & so they engender, fulfyll their workes. In maye they chaunge their cotes, & in

618.)

winter they hyde them fiue monethes duringe / whan the and hybernate. crenes hath dronken milke it may leue longe without water.

when he is olde, he hathe ij. stones in his hed with rede spottes that haue great vertue for if they be layde in drynke they withdryue the payne frome the herte. the

creuyce eteth the Oysters, & geteth them be policye / How the Crayfish for whan the oyster gapeth, he throweth lytell stones in him, manages to cat and so geteth his fishe out, for it bydeth than open.

The Operacion.

The Asshes of hym is gode to make white tethe/ & to kepe the motes out of the clothes / it withdryueth byles, &

Oysters.

Fresh-Water Crayfish is hard to digest.

Caucius.

Capitaius.

Carp.

heleth mangynes. The creuyce of the fresshe water geueth gret fode, but it is an heuy mete to disieste.

Cap. xviij.

YAucius is a fisshe that will nat be taken with no hokes / but

Caucias

eteth of the bayte & goth his way quyte. Capitais is a lytel fisshe with a great hede / a wyde rounde mouthe /& it hydeth him vnder the stones. Nota. Carpera is a carpe, & it is a fysshe that hathe great scales / and the female hathe a great rowghe, & she can bringe forthe no yonges tyll she haue receyued mylke of her make / & that she receyueth at the mouth / and it is yll for to take / for whan it perceyueth that Is difficult to net. it shalbe taken with the net, than it thrusteth the hede into the mudde of the water and than the nette slyppeth ouer him whiche waye soeuer it come; & some holde them fast be the grounde, grasse / or erbis, & so saue themselfe.

Whale

Likes Harmony.

Gets harpooned,

rubs the harpoon into himself, and

slays himself.

Conche, or
Muscle.

Sea-snails.

CEtus

Cap. xix.

Etus is the greatest whale fisshe of all / his mouthe is so wyde that he bloweth vp the water as yf it were a clowde/ wherwith he drowneth many shippes / but whan the maryners spye where he is/ than thei accompany them a gret many of shyppes togeder about him with diuers instrumentis of musike, & they play with grete armonye / & the fische is very gladde of this armonye/ & commeth fletynge a-boue the watere to here the melody, & than they haue amonge them an instrument of yron, the whiche they festen in-to the harde skinne, & the weght of it synketh downwarde in to the fat & grese / & sodenly with that al the instrumentes of musike be styll, and the shyppes departe frome thens, & anone he sinketh to the grownde & he feleth that the salt watere smarteth in the Wounde, than he turneth his bely vpwaerd and rubbeth his WOwnde agaynst the ground, & the more he rubbeth, the depere it entreth / & he rubbeth so longe that he sleeth hymself and whan he is dede, than commeth he vp agayne and sheweth him selfe dede / as he dyd before quicke / and than the shippes gader them togeder agayne, and take, & so lede hym to londe, & do theyr profyte with hym.

Con

Cap. xxij.

YOnche be abydynge in the harde shellis: as the mone growth or waneth, so be the conches or muscles fulle or nat full, but smale / & there be many sortes of conches or musclys / but the best be they that haue the perles in.

Cap. xxiij.

YOochele / is a snayle dwellinge in the water & also on the

londe / they go out of theyr howses / & they thruste out

.ij. longe hornes wherwith they fele wether they go / for they

se nat where they crepe.

Cap. xxiiij.

THe Conger is a se fisshe facioned like an ele / but they be Conger.

moche greter in quantyte / & whan it bloweth sore, than

waxe they fatte. Polippus is also a stronge fisshe that Polippus. onwarse he wyl pull a man out of a shyp. yet the conger is so stronge that he wyll tere polippum asonder with his teth, & in winter the conger layth in the depe cauernes or holes of the water. & he is nat taken but in somer. ¶ Esculapius sayth. Coretz is a fisshe that hydeth hym in the depe of the water Corets. whan it rayneth / for yf he receiued any rayne, he sholde waxe blynde, and dye of it. Iorath sayth. The fisshes that be named se craues / whanne they haue yonges / they make suche Sea-crevice. noise that through theyr noyse they be founde and taken.

Cap. xxvij.

Delphinus is a monster of the see, & it hate my voye play Mermaid.

it singheth lyke a man / and towarde a tempest it playeth vpon the water. Some say whan they be taken that they wepe. The delphin hath none eares for to here / nor no nose for to smelle / yet it smelleth very well & sharpe. And it slepeth vpon the water very hartely, that thei be hard ronke a farre of / and thei leue C. xl. yere. & they here gladly playnge on instrumentes, as lutes / harpes / tabours / and pypes. They loue their yonges very well, and they fede them longe with the mylke of their pappes / & they haue many yonges, & amonge them all be .ij. olde ones, that yf it fortuned one of the yonges to dye, than these olde ones wyll burye them depe in the gorwnd [sic] of the see / because othere fisshes sholde nat ete thys dede delphyn; so well they loue theyr yonges. There was ones a kinge that had taken a delphin / whyche he caused to be bounde with chaynes fast at a hauen where as the shippes come in at & there was alway the pyteoust wepynge and lamentynge, that the kinge coude nat for pyte / but let hym go agayne.

EC

Cap. xxxi.

Cheola is a muskle / in whose fysshe is a precious stone / & be night they flete to the water syde / and there they receyue the heuenly dewe, where throughe there groweth in them a costly margaret or orient perle / & they flete a great many togeder & he that knoweth the water best / gothe before & ledeth the other / & whan he is taken, all the other scater a brode, and geteth them away.

Echeola, a
Muscle.

Cap. xxxvi.

Echinus.

Esox.

Phocas.

Kills his wife and gets another.

Ech

chynus is a lytell fysshe of half a fote longe / & hath sharpe prykcles vnder his bely in stede of fete.

Cap. xxxvii.

Ezox is a very grete fisshe in that water danowe be the

londe of hungarye / he is of suche bygnes that a carte with .iiij. horses can nat cary hym awaye / and he hath nat many bones, but his hede is full and he hath swete fisshe lyke a porke, and whan this fysshe is taken, thanne geue hym mylke to drynke, and ye may carye hym many a myle, and kepe hym longe quicke.

xxxviii.

Ocas is a see bulle, & is very stronge & dangerous / and he feghteth euer with his wyf tyll she be dede / and whan he hath kylled her, than he casteth her out of his place, & seketh another, and leueth with her very well tyl he dye / or tyll his wyfe ouercome him and kylle hym / he bydeth alway in one place he and his yonges leue be suche as they can gete. Halata is a beste that dothe on-naturall dedys / for Takes her young whan she feleth her yonges quycke, or stere in her body / than she draweth them out & loketh vpon them / yf she se they be to yonge, than she putteth them in agayne, & lateth them grow tyll they be bygger.

Halata.

out of her womb to look at 'em.

Sword-Fish.

Gastarios.

Glaucus.

Gudgeon.

Gravus.

G

Cap. xv.

Ladius is a fisshe so named because he is mouthed after

the fascyon of a sworde poynt / and ther-fore often tymes he perseth the shyppes thorough, & so causeth them to be drowned. Aristotiles. Gastarios is a fisshe lyke the scorpion and is but lytell greter than a spyder / & it styngeth many fisshes with her poyson so that they can nat endure nowhere / and he styngeth the dolphin on the hede that it entreth in-to the brayne. ¶ Isidorus. Glaucus is a whyte fissh that is but selden sene except in darke rayne weder / and is nat in season but in the howndes dayes.

Cap. xli.

Obio is a smale longe fissh with a rounde body / full of

of drounde caryon / & the fisshers say contrarye, that they leue in clere watere in sandye graueil / and it is a holsom mete. ¶ Grauus is a fisshe that hath an iye aboue on hys hede, and therwith he loketh vp, and saueth hym from them that wyll eat hym.

liii.

L

Ucius is a pike / a fisshe of the riuer with a wyde mouthe Pike:

& sharpe teth whan the perche spieth him / he turneth

his tayle towardes him / & than the pike dare nat byte him because of his finnes, or he can nat swalowe him because he is so sharpe he eteth venimous bestes, as todes, frogges, & eats venomous suche like; yet it is sayde that he is very holsom for seke peple. He eteth fisshes almost as moche as himselfe / whan they be to bigge, than he byteth them in ij. peces, & swaloweth

beasts;

the one halfe first, & than the other he is engendered with is begotten by a a westerne wynde.

M

Cap. lvii.

West Wind.

Us marinus, the see mouse, gothe out of the water, & there Sea-Mouse. she laith her egges in a hole of the erthe, & couereth the

cock of Balena.

eges, & goth her way & bydeth frome them x x x. dayes, and than commeth agayne and oncouereth them, & than there be yonges, and them she ledeth into the water, & they be first al blynde. Musculus is a fisshe that layth harde shellis, and of Musculus is the it the great monster balena receyueth her nature, & it is named to be the cocke of balena. Mustela is the see wesyll / Sea-weazle. she casteth her yonges lyke other bestes / & whan she hath cast them, yf she perceiue that they shall be founde, she swaloweth them agayne into her body, and than seketh a place wher as they may be surer without daunger / & than she speweth them out agayne.

Cap. lix.

Urena is a longe fisshe with a weke skinne lyke a serpent / Lamprey.

MU

& it conceyueth of the serpent vipera / it liueth longest

in the tayle, for whan that is cut of, it dyeth incontinent / it

wine.

must be soden in gode wyne with herbes & spices, or ellis it Must be boiled in is very daungerous to be eten, for it hath many venymous humours, and it is euyll to disieste.

Cap. lxi.

[Ulus is a see fysshe that is smale of body & is only a Malus:

Mulus is a see fitils, that is me many manes of these

:

but the best be those that haue ij. berdes vnder the mouthe/ has 2 beards, & whan it is fayre weder, than they waxe fatte / whan he is

dede than he is of many colours.

Cap. lxiiij.

Ereydes be monsters of the see, all rowghe of body / & whan Nereids. any of them dyeth, than the other wepe. of this is spoken in balena, the .xiiij. chapter.