:

or that such an

We trust, that we may place implicit confidence in the repeated declarations of our ministers, that Great Britain has not drawn Sweden into this snare: that she has exerted no influence over her councils, in order to sway them to this step. It is impossible in. the nature of things, that any foreign power should have advised Sweden, to attack Russia, Denmark, and Prussia : intention should have been manifested in the remotest degree by Sweden. On the contrary, the King of Sweden affirms in his Declaration, and we know it to be true, from our private intelligence, at the time, that Sweden. was offered by Bonaparte, ALL the provinces which she ever possessed, where the Russian empire is now fixed together with such others as she might think agreeable, and specificially desire. This was supposed to be, and really must be, from circumstances, the greatest temptation that could possibly be proposed to a King of Sweden; yet this his Majesty rejected and not only, rejected, but we have authority for saying with contempt : urging very truly, that he who offered to give them had neither property in them, nor authority over them.-Had the King of Prussia behaved with equal honour, and integrity, he, most probably, never would have fallen

:

POLITICAL PERISCOPE. Panorama Office, March 26, 1807. The prominent political circumstances of the present month are, the irruption of the Russians ato Finland, and the declaration of the Danes against Sweden: to these must eventually be added, there can be no doubt, the same conduct on the part of Prussia. War is a serious evil; and when undertaken for light or insufficient causes, becomes a weight of guilt on the conscience of those who command it. War is the scourge of Heaven on human depravity; but, those who rouse this scourge to activity, or who wield it with gratification are highly presumptuous, and criminal. Self-defence is not, in this sense, active war: self-defence is a dictate of nature; self-defence therefore is not blameable: but those aggressions which produce the necessity for self-defence, must answer for all the calamities which follow them, whether intentionally or incidentally. Believing, as we do, that Britain is engaged at this instant not in a war of aggression, but in defensive resistance that Sweden had given no real cause of aggression to Russia, &c. other than what they thought proper to affix to her steady opposition to the views of Bonaparte, on this country-we regret exceedingly, the-but, had he fallen, he most certainly would violence to which she is exposed, but we believe it to be a suffering in the virtuous cause of her own independence. We have read the Russian and Danish manifestoes with attention; yet discern in them no cause of quarrel, but the refusal of Sweden to join her forces with those of her present foes to answer the purposes of the French Dictator. They will not suffer her to be neutral: they will have her ships and her troops employed against this country. Who now can affect to say, that the ships of Denmark, and the troops of Denmark, would have been allowed to maintain the neutrality of that state? and that, no hostilities from Russia and France would have assaulted that country; in order to force' her to comply with the same arbitrary mandate, as they are now serving on Sweden? The fact is, that at the nod of their tyrant, these countries are doing that which, perhaps, their ablest statesvery men can palliate only by the consideration, that it is, in their present situation, unavoidAnd with NECESSITY,

able:

The tyrant's plea, excuse their devilish deeds.

not have sunk into that merited disgrace, in which the scorn of his contemporaries manifests itself by the question-who pitics him ? Prussia resembles a bankrupt, who not being able to account to his creditors for the property which he is accused of having embezzled, hangs down his head, after the commission against him is in exercise, and exists by sufferance, not by good will. While other potentates, equally sufferers under the appointinents of providence, may cheerfully appeal to their books; and shew all fair; though they are not able to add, all successful. The alliance of Britain with Sweden has been shewn to be something more than an empty name, by a subsidiary treaty, in. virtue of which Sweden is to receive one kundred thousand pounds monthly, for twelve months. To a country poor in the precious metals, as Sweden is, this assistance is con

siderable.

On the issue of this contest we give no opinion: and, in fact, we believe that opinions are not uniform: some supposing, that in conjuction with the British fleet, Sweden

may make not only a vigorous, but an effec-| been so long king, in effect, that this event tual resistance. It is certain, that the exer- will make no difference in politics. The tions of Sweden in favour of the Turks, when commerce of Denmark, is interrupted, and the last contest happened between Sweden indeed, suspended by its war with Britain, and Russsa, were of essential benefit to the who was the purchaser of timber, and deals, Ottomans, though not to Sweden, herself. with many other commodities from Norway. Had she permitted the Russian fleet then These returns are now stopped; as well as sailing for the Mediterranean, to quit the those from the Danish settlements in the Baltic, there is no saying what effect might East and West Indies. have attended her enterprises. As it was, she suffered under a superiority, which she could not prevent; because that very flect, which she kept in the Baltic was directed against her. There is no essential difference, as to principle, between the manifesto of Denmark and that of Russia. They both assume the authority of making Sweden conform to their dictates, nolens volens.

"

The subject next in order in point of interest, is, the controversy between this country, and America. Our governors have received information, very lately, as to the state of this negociation; but they very prudently preserve the most profound silence on the doubtful points which it includes. There is every reason to think that France will be worsted in this collision, because the good Russia is preparing for the Indian expedi- sense of America has had time to come in tion. What we might have said on this with effect, and to do essential service. The subject, has been anticipated in our first ar- noise once made, has subsided; the passions ticle this mouth. Not only has the court of once heated have been cooled, the sedate Persia been prevailed on to countenance this judgment of the rational part of her citizens undertaking, but an embassy of a covert is taking its due place, and even the feelings, kind has been sent forward from Persia to themselves, have been induced to add their China, to inform the Emperor of China, power to that of the understanding. Amethat such and such things are approaching, merican commodities, by lying on the hands together with a hint, perhaps, that a province of the producing country, under the general or two are et his service, if he pleases. Ne- embargo, are sunk in value more that half; ver was there an occasion on which the forti-and they must sink still lower, if no means tude of resistance was the essence of wisdom, of exporting them should present itself. more plainly than on this.

We presume

that we have no need to caution the court of Pekin, as to the propriety and necessity of repelling those who cast about firebrands, arrows, and death, and consider it all as sport." It is understood, that the history of the French revolution was well known by the late emperor; and that his determination, in consequence, was not to have any thing to do with Europeans. Ile, therefore, granted them no further favours: and though Bonaparté has no overplus of Christianity for exportation, yet the late conduct of the courts of the Empire, and of the emperor himself, on the subject of Christianity in his dominions, seen in the light in which he must see them, offer no inducement to him to enter into any engagements with powers denominated “ most Christian," and affecting to rule all Christendom.

To return to the consideration of Europe. We learn that the King of Denmark is recently deceased but the Shown Face has

The sentiments that have been arowed by the island of Jamaica have given very little satisfaction in Britain; but, Britain hitherto has considered them, as the squeet of a party suffering the pain of the moment, rather than the sedate expression of deeply seated anguish. The opinion that we formerly gave of the injudicions forwardness with which some planters had loaded their estates, by purchasing slaves, gains ground, and is considered by the best informed, as one cause of the pressure, under which sland properties-labour. It is even said, that three cargoes of slaves which arrived at Jamaica, a short time since, could find no purchasers: which is absolutely a phenomenon in that island.

The Mediterranean powers are pretty much on the same terms, with this country, as before. It makes no great difference to us whether the Pope resides at Rome, or elscwhere. The fate of Spain approaches rapidly the principal ports of that kingdom are filled with French troops.

At Blithfield, Staffordshire, the Right Hon. Lady At Clifton, near Bristol, the Right Hon. the Dowager Countess of Tingal, at a very advanced age

At White Roding, Essex, the Rev. Sir W. Chere, 91st Ditto-Lieut. col. K. Mackenzie, from the Bart. aged 72

the vicarage of Warmfield, Yorkshire, vacant by

UNIVERSITY PROCEEDINGS AND PRO- cession of Rev. H. Wastell.

MOTIONS.
Oxford.

Feb. 26. Rev. J. Griffith, Master of University coll. M. A. and Student in Divinity, admitted B. D. Same day T. Jones, B. A. of Trinity coll., Dublin, incorporated B. A.

The Bishop of Lincoln has presented Rev. Mr. Feilde, late of Pembroke hall, Camb. to the vicarage of Lancing, Sussex.

Rev. P. Haddon, vicar of Leeds, has nominated the Rev. R. Foster, M. A. curate of the parish church, to the chapelry of Hunslet, (the Rev. T. Barber, senior curate, having declined the acceptance of it) in the room of Rev. J. Milner, clerk, deceased.

March 1. Rev. J. Griffith, Master of University coll. and B. D. admitted D. D. Rev. J. Quarington, of Pembroke coll., and Rev. F. Gardiner, of Lincoln coll. B. A. admitted M. A. Messrs. W. Munden and T. Metcalfe, of Merton coll., C. Keyfall, T. T. Whitaker, A. Hordern, and F. W. Dwarris, of University coll.; J. Fletcher, of Exeter coll; and J. R. Lyon, of Brase-bling Rev. T. Fawcett, of Christ church, Oxf. nose coll., admitted B. A.

-7. Rev. T. Lee, B. D. rector of Barton, Warwickshire, and late Fel. and Tutor of Trinity coll., elected President of that society.

Rev. W. H. Neale, M. A. curate of St. James's church, Leeds, is elected Head Master of the Free Grammar School at Beverley.

A dispensation has passed the great seal, ena

M. A. rector of Bradden, Noets, and diocese of Peterborough, and chaplain to Lord Southamp ton, to hold the living of Aynho, in the same diocese and county.

Rev. W. Collett is presented to the living of Swanton Morley, by Sir J. Lombe, vacated by death of Rev. J. Larwood.

-9. J. Moore, Esq. of Christ church, admitted B. A. grand compounder. Same day Rev. J. Kendall; Messrs. G. A. Seymer, of Oriel coll.; J. H. Rudge, of Pembroke; J. Darby, M. S. Wall, G. G. V. Vernon, R. Marnell, T. Long-living of Dennington, Suffolk, vacated by relands, and J. T. James, of Christ church, ad

mitted B. A.

Cambridge.

Feb. 16. J. W. Geldart, Esq. LL.B. of Trinity hall, elected a Skirne Fel. of Catharine hall. Mr. H. W. Tancred, B. A. of Jesus coll., is elected Fel. of that society.

-29. Sir B. Harwood, M.D. Professor of Anatomy and Physick, in Downing coll., commenced his annual Course of Lectures on Comparative Anatomy and Physiology, at the Anatomical Schools, opposite Queen's coll.

Rev. T. Browne, B.D. Fel. and Tutor of Christ's coll., elected Master of that society, in the room of the late Dr. Barker. 1

Mr. Wm Hepworth, B. A. of St. John's, admitted B. A.

March 4. The Hon. W. Cust, of St. John's, brother to Lord Brownlow, admitted Hon. M. A.

9. Rev. H. Marsh, B. D. Lady Margaret's Professor, and late Fel. of St. John's, and Rev. E. Pearson, B. D. Master of Sidney, admitted D. D. by royal mandate.

Mr. N. R. Clarke, B. A. of Trinity, elected Fel.

of Christ's coll.

10. Rev. W. Gee, B. A. of St. John's, and Mr. R. Jefferson, B. A, of Sidney coll., elected Fells. of the latter society.

John Kaye, Esq. Fel. of Christ coll., the Senior Wrangler and First Medalist in 1804, is appointed Tutor of that coll., in room of Rev. T. Browne, the new Master.

Rev. F. Hotham is presented to the valuable

signation of Rev. Mr. Long, now rector of Pulham. Rev. J. Storer, B A. late of Christ church, Oxf. has been instituted by the Archbishop of York, to the rectory of Hawksworth, in Notts.

Rev. J. Baines, M. A. of Christ's coll., has been presented, by the Earl of Guildford, to the vicarage of Burwell, Camb., vacated by death of Rev. H. Turner.

The Lord Bishop of Lincoln has been pleased to appoint Rev. T. Brand, M. A. late of Christ's coll., chaplain to his lordship, and rector of Waythe near Ripon, Chancellor and Residentiary of the cathedral church of Lincoln; and collated Rev. C. Illingworth, rector of Scampton and Epworth, to the archdeaconry of Stow, and prebend of Liddington, in the same cathedral church: both vacant by death of Rev. R. Wharton.

To the Editor of the Literory Panorama.

SIR,- -The diseases I have to enumerate this month may be generally classed under the heads of MEASLES, and other eruptions, whooping cough, inflamed eyes, scrophula, asthma, bowel complaints, worms, tumours, ulcers, chilblains, all its attendant effects of fever, cough, &c. common COLD," with that aggravated and dangerous state of it&c. &c. and in a far more than usual degree, CONSUMPTION; which in all its various stages, has prevailed in greater and more to do, for a very long time: its symptoms and alarming proportion than it has been known danger being more generally and fatally in

The subjects for the dissertations for the Bishop of London's medals in Christ coll., are this year proposed by his lordship, and are as follow:For the Latin, "Doctrina Redemptionis univer-fluenced by those easterly winds, which salis per mortem Christi ex sacris Scripturis patet."-For the English," Foolish and unlearned questions avoid, knowing that they do gender strifes, &c. &c." 2d Tim. ch. ii. v. 23, 24, 25. Mr. H. Bickersteth and Mr. J. White, B. A. of Caius coll, are elected Fells. of that society.

Rev. R. Venables, B. D. one of the Sen. Fells. of Clare hall, is presented by Oley's Trustees to VOL. IV. Lit. Pan, April, 1808.}

have of late much prevailed. To these I shall add, from my own private practice, consumption. On this account I shall select some very aggravated cases of jaundice and

* From the information of a very intellidom exceeded 39; but afterwards suddenly gent young lady, I find the thermometer selrose to 43 in one day. H

C. PEARS.

CONSUMPTION as the most appropriate sub- ated patient has been absolutely sinking under ject for the following general observations of their use daily and visibly before them. As this report. the present mode of practice does not allow of I am, Sir, your's, &c. a deviation from this common rule, so when New Kent Road, empiricks have ventured to adopt a different March, 1808. plan in solitary cases, even they have found The general prevalence and fatal tendency greater success attend them, than regular of CONSUMPTION in this country, ren- practice could ensure: how important then ders it an object of the most serious regard, is it to attend to the nature of the disease, and and always entitled to the most attentive con- regulate the treatment by such indications as are thus pointed out to us. Every symptom sideration. Every individual may be said to be personally interested in it, because almost of CONSUMPTION, proves it to be founded all have felt its effects either in themselves, or in debility. How then can debilitating means ensure recovery? The action thrown in their friends; and in such a variable cliupon and excited in the lungs, the irritation mate as that of Britain, and under such constant exposure to its effects, who can be called (called fever *), the night perspirations, loss secure, or exempt from its influence? No of appetite, emaciation, expectoration, geother disease is so common; none more fa- neral and encreasing debility, all and each of tal! yet with such opportunities for experience them, evince the nature and tendency of the and observation, why is the general result of disease; the shock that nature has received; its common treatment, as hitherto usually the injury she sustains, and the only obvious pursued, so peculiarly unfortunate? Is it and natural means of cure: by restoring the from the unyielding and obstinate nature of strength, and healthy functions of the constitution. Is this to be done by debilitating the circumstances which produce and encouage it? or, are we rather to seek for these the person still more? Is an encrease, coneffects in an improper adherence to, and per- tinuance and extension of those means which severance in a mode of treatinent, which every have induced the disease, a very probable or natural mode of removing it? Is an exhausday's experience, and the result of every case, tion of strength the way to recover a patient, so decidedly proves to be fallacious, and contradictory to the nature and, indications of whose illness arises from the want of it? the disease? If a general line of practice has Why then is it persevered in? The irritation called fever, is said to be founded in high been uniformly and decidedly ineffectual, surely it is a sufficient warrant to seek such other action: the pulse, and every other indication, modes, as at least cannot be worse, and may prove the reverse. The pulse is quick, but it be better. If the regular practitioner be so is weak; as every quick pulse must be and blindly wedded to system, that he perempto- if this (consumptive) pulse indicates high ac tion, and too much health, then are we in rily refuses to leave a theory, because he was taught it in the schools, and which every the best state of health, at the very moment day's experience refutes for its absurdity, Na- of death; for then is our pulse necessarily and ture may be discarded as an useless and inef-navoidably quicker and weaker than everbecause our weakness and dissolution make fectual teacher, and those whose prime conOn the other hand, we find that every cern it should be to watch and improve by her it so. unerring instructions, must infallibly become invigorating means produces a corresponding the dopes of their own temerity. Not so good effect, in relieving and subduing the easily, however, does the patient escape, for symptoms, according to the state of which, confined to certain rules of ART, in direct both FOOD and MEDICINE must be directed with this view, and to do which is all that opposition to those of Nature, he falls a saerifice, to an ill-placed contidence on a mis- the practitioner is called upon to regulate. nomer; and following those who grasp at Thus is the strength of the patient induced, the shadow, and lose the substance, disap- and his recovery insured; while the debilipointment and death must be the inevitable tating and fatal means of bleeding and starvconsequence. Under these circumstances, we ing, proportionally hasten and secure his find only those recover, who have (most wise- premature dissolution. ly and consistently) Disobeyed the rules, by quently witnessed these effects, I should not which they were to have been confined; and have troubled the public with any Cases of the attendant parents and friends, most naobservations respecting them. In illustraturally perceiving what the theory of ART, tion of these principles, I could adduce seveprevents the medical attendant from seeing, ral instances from the practice of this month. have as judiciously concluded that such an (To be continued.) exhaustion of strength, and expenditure of natural power, was only and necessarily to be recovered by invigorating means; and erefore have neglected those debilitating urces, which were not caly enjoined, but rsevered in, even while the poor and emaci

Had I not so fre

* See the Report on Fever, in a former number of the Panorama.

+ See Cases of Consumption successfully treated, &c. with Observations by C. Pears, F. L. S. &c. &c. &c.