An Odd Kind of Fame: Stories of Phineas GageMIT Press, 2002 - 562 In 1848 a railway construction worker named Phineas Gage suffered an accident that made him a major curiosity of medicine and a significant figure in psychology and neuroscience: an explosion caused a tamping iron to be blown completely through his head, destroying the left frontal lobe of his brain. Gage survived the accident and remained in reasonable physical health for another eleven years. But his behavior changed markedly after the injury, and his case is considered to be the first to reveal the relation between the brain and complex personality characteristics. Yet almost nothing is known about him, and most of what is written is seriously in error. In this book Malcolm Macmillan, a leading authority on Gage, covers all aspects of this fascinating story. He describes Gage's family and personal background, the context of his work and the accident, and Gage's subsequent history. He analyzes contemporary medical and newspaper reports of the accident and its consequences, and evaluates the treatment Gage received from Dr. John Martyn Harlow. He also looks at Harlow's own life and work. Macmillan examines Gage's place in the history of how functions came to be localized in the brain. He explores the many ways that Gage's tale has been represented and misrepresented through the years in popular, fictional, and scientific works. One of Macmillan's primary aims is to rescue the case from the predominantly fantastic accounts so that its real contribution to modern neuroscience can be understood. Partly for this reason, the appendices include facsimiles of Harlow's 1848 and 1868 reports, the primary sources about Gage, and previously unpublished CT scans of Gage's skull made in 1982. |
Spis treści
Introduction | 1 |
Background to Fame | 11 |
Popular and Medical | 35 |
The Implications of Harlows Treatment | 51 |
The Wonderful Journey | 75 |
The Damage to Gages Psyche | 89 |
The Background | 125 |
Ventricular Physiology and Clinical Observations | 137 |
The Scientific Stories | 307 |
The Hidden Portrait | 339 |
A Realistic Conclusion | 369 |
Facsimiles of the Gage Papers | 381 |
A Collation of Notes and Other Material on the Case | 443 |
SOFT PARTS ABOUT THE BONES | 452 |
The Statement of Walton A Green | 461 |
24 | 462 |
Notes | 143 |
Conclusion | 168 |
Localization in the Brain | 175 |
Language and the Brain | 188 |
SensoryMotor Processes and the Localization of Language | 195 |
Gage and Surgery for the Brain | 205 |
Gage and Surgery for the Psyche | 229 |
Gage Inhibition and Thought | 255 |
The Popular Stories | 279 |
The CT Scans of Phineas Gages Skull | 469 |
Harlows Presentations to the Middlesex East District | 479 |
Lineages of Phineas Gage and John Martyn Harlow | 489 |
The Sources Searched | 495 |
503 | |
545 | |
551 | |