and geography, as arise immediately out of those passages. "That the examiners be strictly enjoined to take care, that the number of questions to be answered, and the length of the passages to be translated, in any one paper, do not exceed what a person well prepared may be expected to answer and translate in the time allowed. "That the pro-proctors attend in the Senate-House during the examinations. "That two of the examiners be present during each portion of the examination." The Chancellor's gold medal for the best English poem, by a resident undergraduate, has been adjudged to Christopher Wordsworth, of Trinity college. Subject, "The Invasion of Russia by Napoleon Bonaparte." Sir William Browne's three medals are for this year thus awarded: For the best Greek ode, to F. Tennyson, Trinity. Subject, Egyptus. For the best Latin ode, to C. Wordsworth, Trinity. Subject, Hannibal, For the best Greek and Latin Epigrams, to C. Wordsworth, Trinity, Phillpotts, Rev. Dr., Chester Deanery Barker, Rev. J., Great Abington V. Cambridge Atkinson, Rev. J. W., Barham R. Rochester Butler, Rev., Thiving R. Scarboro' Walpole, Rev. R., Christ Ch. R. Lond. Shackleton, Rev. H. J., Plumstead V, with East Wickham annexed, Kent Webber, Rev. C., Amport V. Chiches. Fowle, Rev. H., Dorrington P.C.Wilts Bayne, Rev. T. V., Master of Warring ton School, Lancashire Penfold, Rev. Dr., Trin. R. Mary-le-b. Dowdeswell, Rev. C., Beoley V. Worcester Trevelyan, Rev. G., Treborough R. Hill, Rev. J. O., Master of the Gram- Hopkinson, Rev.J., Etton R. Northam, Steel, Rev. J., Cowbit P. C. Lincoln Tyndall, Rev. G., Holywell aug. cur. Oxford Dixon, Rev. R., Niton R. with Godshill V., Isle of Wight Jackson, Rev. W., Lowther R. Westmoreland Hobart, Hon. and Very Rev. Dr., Wantage R. Berks Seabrook, Rev. T., Wickhambroke V. Suffolk Polwhele, Rev. W., St. Anthony V. Cornwall Pugh, Rev. C., Barton V. Oxford Lillistone, Rev. J., Barshem R. Suffolk Glasse, Rev., Limehouse Lecturesh, Fitzhugh, Rev. W., Prebend of Wells Custance, Rev. F., Steeple-cum-Standgate V. Essex Jones, Rev. H.T., Tackley R. Oxford Boultbee, Rev. R. M., ElehamV. Kent Miller, Rev. M. H., Scarborough V. Merewether, Rev. J., New Radnor R. Hereford Walker, Rev. S. M., St. Enoder V. Cornwall Drake, Rev. J., Chaplain to the Bp. of Rochester Garvey, Rev. R., senior Vicar of Linc. Cox, Rev. C. H., Benson P. C., Oxford Higgin, Rev. W. Roscrea R. Paul, Rev. Charles, Knowle St. Giles P. C. Somerset Chapman, Rev. W. E., Skendelby V, Lincoln Carter, Rev. J., St. Giles V. Oxford THE CHRISTIAN REVIEW AND Clerical Magazine. OCTOBER 1828. The Doctrine of the Greek Article applied to the Criticism and Illustration of the New Testament. By the Right Reverend THOMAS FANSHAW MIDDLETON, late Lord Bishop of Calcutta. Second Edition. Revised by the Rev. JAMES SCHOLEFIELD, A. M., Regius Professor of Greek in the University of Cambridge. 8vo. Deightons, Cambridge: Rivingtons, London. 1828. No one can have studied the Greek Testament with any attention, without being thoroughly satisfied of the importance of the doctrine of the Greek article to the criticism and illustration of that sacred book. One plain example will be sufficient to convince even the unlearned reader of the justice of this remark. Luke i. 35: "Therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God." But, because the original has not the article (vios Oɛov, not ò vios), Gilbert Wakefield and the Socinians render it, "shall be called a son of God;" and thus, to their own satisfaction, get rid at once of the incontrovertible argument which the passage furnishes for the Divinity of our blessed Saviour. To be sure, as Bishop Middleton has remarked, they are not quite consistent in their error; for a little before, in ver. 32, they render υἱος ύψιστου a son of the Most High God:" according to their principles it evidently ought to be, " a son of a Most High God." But the strength of consistency is never on the Socinian side. 66 Waving, however, for the present, the question, what the doctrine of the Greek article is, and assuming only its importance, which no one will venture to deny, the thanks of the whole Christian world are eminently due to the late Bishop of Calcutta, for having called the attention of scholars to a point so vitally connected with the essential doctrines of salvation. The Bishop had a mind admirably suited to a task of this nature. Richly furnished with the stores of classical literature, trained by long habit to the patient investigations of sober criticism, and deeply imbued with the principles of that sound philosophy, whose inquiries and reasonings are steadily directed to the discovery of truth, he seemed to detect almost intuitively the fallacious sophistry which was sapping the foundations of Christianity; and he resolutely bent himself to a work which, in the result, has been of signal service to the cause of scriptural truth. The first edition of the Bishop's work was published just twenty years ago. It could not be expected that the sale of such a work, written only for the learned, and occupying a comparatively dry field of discussion, should be very rapid. A new edition, however, has for some years been called for; and it appears, from the Preface to the present edition, had been for some time in contemplation by Archdeacon Bonney, the editor of the Bishop's Sermons, &c. The circumstances which transferred it to the hands of the present editor are thus stated by him: Partly from his high opinion of the work itself, and partly also from the affectionate veneration he entertained for the deceased Prelate (whom, though he had never seen him in the flesh *, he regarded with a feeling of lively interest, as one of the great ornaments of the place of his own education), he was very desirous of promoting its re-publication. He found, upon inquiry, that the editor of the former volume was contemplating a new edition of the Greek Article: he rejoiced in the intelligence, and was well content to leave it in his hands; but, in the mean time, that learned person was informed of the steps that had been taken, and subsequently made a proposal to the present editor to undertake the task of revision. Editor's Pref. pp. iii. iv. The institution referred to in the above extract, as the place of education both of the Bishop and his Editor, is Christ's Hospital; which the Bishop characterizes, in a letter written to a friend not long before his death, as "the source, perhaps, of greater good, upon the whole, than any other school in England.' Independently of the interest naturally attaching to the circumstances of the present edition, from the sort of posthumous connection between the author and editor, there is another distinct ground on which we are disposed greatly to rejoice that the work has come out under its present auspices. In its original form it had scarcely a fair reception: Socinians, of course, Our readers will be surprised-or perhaps they will not be surprised--to be told, that the use of this scriptural expression by the Greek Frofessor is sneered at by the Christian Remembrancer, as savouring of " puritanical affectation! " affected to despise it; but not only so-men sound in the faith, and sound in learning too, looked a little shy upon it; not only was it a great book, written upon a comparatively small subject, but they seemed to have a suspicion that more was made of this new doctrine (for so it was considered) than the facts of the case justified. Many, who read the book, gave in to a sort of cold conviction; but many others thought they had no occasion to read it-they understood the Greek Article and the Greek Testament-they were satisfied of the truth of the glorious doctrine, that Jesus was the Son of God; but they thought it too much to rest this great doctrine, even in part, upon the little article, o,, TO. Under these circumstances, we are glad to have the official sanction of the Greek Professor of Cambridge to the principle of Bishop Middleton's work. The Professor's opinion is thus stated: With respect to the merits of the work as a whole, I cannot persuade myself that any competent judge can read it without a thorough conviction of the soundness of its general principle. A difference of opinion may exist on some of its minute ramifications, as well as on some of the applications of it in detail, in the second part of the volume; but I have read nothing on the subject that has led me to doubt the accuracy of the Bishop's hypothesis. p. v. In these remarks we coincide; and we shall not stop to pick out any other terms to convey the expression of our general opinion of the work, but shall proceed to offer a few remarks upon it, and then give a brief account of the service rendered to it by the present Editor. Once for all, then, we say, that, in our judgment, Bishop Middleton's view of the Greek article is correct; and he has very satisfactorily, and we may say triumphantly, demonstrated, that the passages which have been supposed to wear a Socinian aspect upon principles of criticism connected with the article, have only been liable to such a supposition from those principles being misunderstood. Every schoolboy knows that the article ,, To, signifies the; and, conversely, that the in English is to be expressed in Greek by o,, TO. But nothing can be more absurd than to press this principle to a literal exactness, in ignorance or in contempt of its various important modifications; and to suppose, that where the article is expressed in the Greek, there, and there only, it is to be expressed in the corresponding English. Yet it is this stubborn adherence to an unbending principle, this blind attachment to a rule without admitting its exceptions, that has raised mountains of difficulty in the way of a clear understanding of the Greek Testament. Again in order to escape from these difficulties, recourse has been had, on the other hand, to an opposite error-namely, to |